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COMSATS University Islamabad
Sahiwal Campus
(Department of Civil Engineering)
Course Title: Civics and Community Engagement Course Code: HUM-208 Credit Hours: 2,0
Course Instructor: Engr. Ali Raza Program Name: Bachelor of Science in Mechanical
Semester: FA-24 Batch: B19 Session: FA23 Date:
Time Allowed: 90 minutes Maximum Marks: 25
Student’s Name: Reg. CUI/ /SWL
CLO1 CLO2 CLO3
CLOs
Question Nos. Max. Marks. Question Nos. Max. Marks. Question Nos. Max. Marks.
Addressed
1, 3 10 2, 4 10 5 5
Important Instructions / Guidelines:
Read the question paper carefully and answer the questions according to their statements.
Mobile phones are not allowed. Calculators must not have any data/equations etc. in their memory.
Please give a brief and precise answer. Use headings and short paragraphs to justify your answers.
Midterm Examinations Fall-2024
Q # 1. (CLO1, C2, PLO6)

Briefly describe the principles of community engagement and civic education.
Answer:
Principles of community engagement:
1. Collaboration
Community engagement is most effective when it involves a collaborative effort that brings
together community members, organizations, and groups working towards a common goal.
Collaboration fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility among community members
and a shared commitment to achieving positive outcomes.
2. Empowerment
Empowerment involves providing community members with the tools, knowledge, and
resources to participate in decision-making and problem-solving.
This may include providing training or educational resources and creating opportunities for
community members to take on leadership roles and become more involved.
3. Inclusivity
Inclusivity involves ensuring all community members have a voice and an opportunity to
participate in the process, including those who may be traditionally underrepresented.
4. Respect
Respect involves acknowledging and honoring the values, beliefs, and cultures of the
community and its members.
5. Transparency
Transparency involves providing clear and concise information about the initiative, including
its goals, timelines, and potential impacts.
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6. Flexibility
Flexibility involves being adaptable and responsive to the changing needs and priorities of the
community.
Principles of civic education:
Q # 2. (CLO2, C3, PLO6)

Demonstrate how have corruption and political instability, including political and bureaucratic
corruption, military interventions, and their economic impact, slowed Pakistan's governance and
development?
Answer:
Corruption and political instability have significantly hindered Pakistan's governance and
development. Political and bureaucratic corruption where officials misuse power for personal gain
has drained public resources, reduced government effectiveness, and eroded public trust. This
misallocation of funds weakens public services like education, healthcare, and infrastructure,
ultimately slowing socioeconomic progress.
Military interventions, which have interrupted democratic governance multiple times in Pakistan's
history, have further destabilized the political system. These interventions shift priorities towards
security over social and economic development, stalling long-term reforms needed for sustained
growth. They also create an uncertain investment climate, reducing foreign and domestic investment.
Economically, the impacts of corruption and instability are profound. High levels of corruption lead
to inefficient project implementation, increased costs, and lower quality of services, diminishing
productivity and economic growth. Instability also deters private investment, impedes job creation,
and contributes to inflation and poverty. The combined effect restricts Pakistan’s ability to
implement consistent policies, maintain good governance, and achieve sustainable development,
ultimately keeping it from realizing its full potential.
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Q # 3. (CLO1, C2, PLO6)
What are the strategies for encouraging civic engagement through civic education, briefly describe
with examples?
Answer:
Service-Learning Projects
• Many researchers have found that participation in service learning is a strong predictor of
civic engagement in later years.
• Service-learning is an instructional strategy that ties the study of academic objectives to
community service.
Extracurricular Activities
There are many prominent and outstanding programs:
• Project Citizen,
• Student activist projects,
• Human Right Activist Projects,
• Habitat for Humanity
Class Discussions and Debates
 Open and Respectful Dialogue:
• Promote open dialogue, critical thinking, and debate about current societal issues.
• You should be mindful and respectful toward the opinions and beliefs of others.
Home-School Connections
 Discuss social issues of all sorts:
• Discussions at home regarding politics and volunteering reflected future civic engagement for
youth.
• Being a role model of citizenship:
• Children growing up in households where adults served as committed agents emulating civic
dispositions demonstrated higher levels of future civic engagement than their disengaged
counterparts.
Role Models and Mentorship:
• Bringing civic leaders, activists, or public servants into educational settings can inspire and
motivate students to engage in civic activities.
• Mentorship programs can also connect students with experienced individuals in community
leadership roles.
Partnerships with Civic Organizations:
• Collaborate with local NGOs, government bodies, or civic groups to offer students
opportunities for civic involvement, internships, and outreach activities that expose them to
public service and community leadership.
Q # 4. (CLO2, C3, PLO6)

Define advocacy and social justice. Relate how social work makes a difference through advocacy?
Answer:
• Social justice means creating a society that is based on principles of fairness, equality, and
equity, where individuals are treated with dignity and their human rights are respected.
• Advocacy is the act of supporting, promoting, or arguing in favor of a cause, policy, or the
rights of a particular group.
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The following are some ways how social work makes a difference through advocacy.
Supports the Protection of Human Rights
• Advocacy in social work helps ensure that individuals' fundamental rights such as access to
shelter, food, education, and healthcare are upheld.
Educating the Greater Community
• Social workers focus on enlightening the public about societal issues, using their expertise to
raise awareness and foster a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by marginalized
groups
Helps Non-Government Organizations to Thrive
• Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rely on advocacy to secure funding, raise
public awareness, and influence public policy.
• Social workers often collaborate with NGOs to campaign for resources and changes that
benefit their communities.
Influences Laws and Policies
Highlights Available Resources and Services
Promotes Problem-Solving and Participation
Enables People to Better Understand Each Other
Q # 5. (CLO3, C4, PLO6)

What is community-based organization? Classify any five activities and challenges faced by CBOs.
Answer:
• CBO is a unity-based organization, social structure, which helps people to attain common
goals through joint effort.
Activities of CBOs
Activities of CBOs mainly deal with the following spheres of life:
1. Basic Physiological Needs:
i. Food Security Initiatives:
ii. Housing and Shelter Programs:
iii. Clothing Distribution and Vocational Training:
2. Human Relations:
i. Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment:
ii. Community Conflict Resolution:
3. Decision Making and Public Structures:
i. Participatory Governance Initiatives:
ii. Strengthening Local Institutions:
4. Education:
i. Access to Quality Education:
ii. Vocational and Technical Skills Training
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5. Recreation:
i. Community Sports and Cultural Programs:
ii. Youth Engagement Activities:
6. Healthcare and Wellness:
i. Primary Healthcare Services:
ii. Disease Prevention and Control:
iii. Mental Health Support:
Problems faced by CBOs

Several main types of problems which organization might face:
1. Vague and not specific goal – when there is a wish to solve very large-scale problem, or simply
CBO members do not know exactly, what they want to do;
2. Inadequate finances – inability to raise funds and get contracts/grants.
3. Lack of skills for efficient team work – among CBO members, or among members and
management;
4. Lack of desire to cooperate with other CBOs and organizations – this might happen due to
disagreement about the goals of the organization or the ways of their achievement.
5. Resource Constraints (Human, Physical and Technical)
6. Political and Social Pressures
7. Limited Access to Information and Technology
8. Infrastructure Deficiencies
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COMSATS University Islamabad

Midterm Examinations Fall-2024

Q # 1. (CLO1, C2, PLO6)

Principles of civic education:

Q # 2. (CLO2, C3, PLO6)

Q # 4. (CLO2, C3, PLO6)

Q # 5. (CLO3, C4, PLO6)

Problems faced by CBOs

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