Q&A-Print Cultutre & Modern World

CLASS X
HISTORY
PRINT CULTURE & THE MODERN WORLD
(DOCUMENT 2)
Continued…
Q15. How did the print culture target a new audience?
1. Pedlars-Booksellers appointed pedlars for sale of books.

2. Almanacs & ritual calendars-became popular in Europe.
3. Penny Chapbooks-, were sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them. 4.
Biliotheque Bleue-was circulated in France, which were low-priced, had poor quality
paper,and bound in cheap blue covers.
5. Romances & short stories-served different purposes and interests.
Q16. How did print culture create the conditions within which the French
Revolution occurred?
I.Print made the ideas of the French thinkers popular
i)The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau became popular.

ii) Thinkers emphasized on reason, rather than custom.
ii)They questioned the Church and the unjust power of the state.
II) Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate.
ii)Public questioned existing ideas and beliefs.

iii) new ideas of social revolution became popular.
III) Printing of New literature

i)Cartoons and caricatures criticized the indifference of the monarchy towards common
people. ii) This literature was circulated in secrecy.
1
Q17. Mention the series of further innovation in printing technology.
Ans: Invention which improved the printing technology after 17th century arelisted below : 1.
Metal Press :Now the press was made out of metal.
2.Rotary Printing Press : Richard March Hoe, an American inventor designedand improved
the printing press.
3. Offset Press : In the late nineteenth century, the offset press was developed which could
print up to six colours at the same time.
4. Electrically Operated Presses: From the turn of the twentieth century, electrically
operated presses increased the speed of printing operations.
5. Other developments-. Methods of feeding paper improved, the quality of plates became
better, automatic paper reels and photoelectric control of the colour register were
introduced.
Q18. How did print culture bring a large number of new readers among
children? Ans:
1. As primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century children
became an important category of readers.
2. Production of school textbooks became critical.
3. A children’s press was set up in France.
4. This press published new works as well as old fairy tales, and folk tales. 5. The
Grimm Brothers in Germany compiled traditional folk tales for children.
Q19. What difference did print technology make in the lives of

women? Ans:
1. Women became important readers and writers.
2. Penny magazines published for women contained rules on proper behaviour and
housekeeping.
3.Women novelists like Jane Austen, Bronte sisters became popular.
4. Their writing created a new image of women with will, strength of personality,determination.
2
PRINT CULTURE & INDIA
Q20. What did print mean to the following
1. Women
a) Conservatives believed that education and reading would make women widows,or corrupt them.
b) However,with the spread of print culture in 19th century India educational reforms for women
were brought.
c) Liberal husbands and fathers educated their womenfolk at home or sent them to schools for
women.
d) Women who had been restricted to their house for generations, found a new medium of
entertainment in reading and writing.
e) Rashundari Devi learnt to read and write in the secrecy of her kitchen and wrote her
autobiography “Amar Jiban” in Bnegali.
2. The poor/ What were the effects of the spread of print culture for the poor in 19th
Century India?
a) With the spread of print culture in India, the poor could now afford low-price books.
b) The issue of caste discrimination came to be discussed through printed books.
c) Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha pioneerof 'low caste protest movements, wrote about the
injustices of the caste system in his Gulamgiri(1871).
d) In the twentieth century, B.R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra and E.V. RamaswamyNicker in

Madras, better known as Periyar, wrote powerfully on caste.
e) Kashibaba, a Kanpur millworker, wrote and published “Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal”
on class exploitation.
f) Bangalore cotton millworkers set up libraries These were sponsored by social reformers
who wanted to bring literacy and propagate the message of nationalism.
3. Reformers
a) Through Print culture social and religious reformers could now spread their opinions, through
newspapers and books.
b) Matters like Sati, idolatry were debated upon by reforners..
c) Reformist ideas were spread in local languages of the people.
d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy published the “Sambad Kaumudi: from 1821 and the Hindu
orthodoxy commissioned the “Samachar Chandrika” to oppose his opinions. e) From 1822,
two Persian newspapers were published, Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar. In the
same year, Gujarati newspaper, the Bombay Samachar, made its appearance.
3
Q21. How did a new visual culture take shape in the end of the 19th Century in India?
(i) Printing Press and visual culture

With the help of Printing press, visual images could be easily reproduced.
(ii) Images for mass circulation

Painters like Raja Ravi Verrna produced images for mass circulation.
iii) Caricatures and cartoons:

By the 1870s, caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers. Some
of these made fun of the educated Indian’s fascination to copy Western tastes and clothes. Some
openly criticized imperial rule.
iv)Reduction of cost and visual culture

Mass production of visual images reduced the cost of production. So cheap prints and calendars
were available in the market even for the poor to decorate the walls of their homes.
V) Indian form
Artists like Raja Ravi Verma depicted the scenes from Hindu epics.
Q22.Print played a significant role in awakening the sentiment of nationalism among the
Indians.” Explain.
1. Ideas of freedom and equality could be spread amongst common people through printed
material.
2. Through the vernacular press, cruel methods of colonial rule/British were reported. 3.
Nationalist feelings and revolutionary ideas were secretly spread by the newspapers. 4.
Bengal Gazette written by Gangadhar Bhattacharya questioned the wrong practices of
British rule
5. Balgangadhar Tilak published Kesari to promote nationalist sentiment.
Q23. What was the Vernacular Press Act?
1. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 by the British government in India.
2. This act provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports andeditorials in
the Vernacular Press.
3. If a Vernacular Paper published anything against the British rule, the paper was banned,
and its printing machinery was seized and destroyed.

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CLASS X

Q15. How did the print culture target a new audience?

1. Pedlars-Booksellers appointed pedlars for sale of books.

I.Print made the ideas of the French thinkers popular

i)The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau became popular.

II) Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate.

ii)Public questioned existing ideas and beliefs.

III) Printing of New literature

Metal Press :Now the press was made out of metal.

2. Production of school textbooks became critical.

3. A children’s press was set up in France.

Grimm Brothers in Germany compiled traditional folk tales for children.

Q19. What difference did print technology make in the lives of

3.Women novelists like Jane Austen, Bronte sisters became popular.

Q20. What did print mean to the following

b) The issue of caste discrimination came to be discussed through printed books.

d) In the twentieth century, B.R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra and E.V. RamaswamyNicker in

(i) Printing Press and visual culture

(ii) Images for mass circulation

iii) Caricatures and cartoons:

iv)Reduction of cost and visual culture

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