CHARACTER FORMATION WITH NATIONALISM

AND PATRIOTISM

The term CHARACTER was derived from the Greek

word “charassein”, referring to an engraving
instrument; originally used of a mark impressed upon
a coin or the mark cut by it.

The term CHARACTERISTICS was applied to a

distinct mark of the personality; gradually, to the sum
of such marks, each individual have.
(Bartemeier, 2009).

THREE PERSPECTIVE OF CHARACTER

1. Social Perspective – it is how the people in

the community view a person’s character
based on the community’s social standard.

2. Institutional Perspective – it is the

institution’s view on an employee’s character
and reputation based on institutional
standard.

3. Legal Perspective – it refers to how the law,

policy, or Supreme Court ruling affects a
person’s character or reputation in terms of
violation and legal responsibility.

pg. 1
CHARACTER – it is defined as a psychological
notion that refers to all the habitual ways of feeling
and reacting of a person that distinguish one
individual from another. It is the trademark of being a
person.

It is UNIVERSAL and can be right or wrong; good

or bad.

“magic ingredient that sets you apart from the rest.”

CHARACTER (American Psychiatric Association)

- It signifies the relatively fixed or continuing

group of an individual’s personality, attributes
of a person or the characteristic pattern of
behavior of an individual.

COMPONENTS OF CHARACTER

1. Compassion – concern for others' well-being

with love.
2. Fairness – ensures just and equal treatment
of everyone.
3. Ethical behavior – acting according to moral
principles, consistently doing what is right.
4. Integrity – means being honest and true to
one's values, morals, and self-efficacy.

pg. 2
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERPESPECTIVE OF
CHARACTERS

1. Social Learning Approach

• Modeling – learning behaviors by observing
and imitating others.
• Enforcement – necessary components to
enforce in order to strengthen social learning.
• Social Compassion – giving benefits by the
government with love and care

2. Structural Development Approach

• Development vs. Morality – interplay
between character development and moral
growth.
• Right vs. Wrong – character's understanding
and decision-making regarding moral
choices.

3. Psychological Approach
• Character is determined by a combination
of personal elements (e.g., personality traits)
and social factors (e.g., environment,
relationships).

pg. 3
HOW TO IMPROVE CHARACTERS?

- There is a need of a paradigm shift –

concerned with model, from bad character to
good character

MANIFESTATIONS OF PERSONALITY

- The social, emotional, and intellectual

manifestations of a character are roughly
equivalent to PERSONALITY.

Character, thus is an index of a person’s standing in

the society.

SILVERBERG conceive the HUMAN PERSONALITY

as something CHANGING and EVOLVING.

Character lies within the personality and implies

the existence of certain durable personality features
on the basis of which more or less reliable predictions
might be made concerning the person’s behavior.

According to PRASAD NANDA, character is the

solid foundation on which a person’s entire life is
based.

Ex. Successful men achieved their goals/ positions

because of character. (In General)

pg. 4
CHARACTER FORMATION

- It is the process by which the individual,

through interaction of biologically transmitted
predispositions with the environment,
develops stable pattern of functioning,
thinking, and feeling.
- It is also known as Character Building.

CHARACTER FORMATION IN CRIMINOLOGY

In CRIM, refers to the process of developing and

shaping an individual’s character, traits with a
focus on preventing criminal behavior.

CHARACTER Is a psychological notion that refers to

all habitual ways of feeling and reacting that
distinguish one individual from another.

Nationalism and Patriotism are ideologies that

shape and influence an individual’s values, beliefs,
attitudes and behaviors.

pg. 5
WHAT MAKES A GOOD CHARACTER?

CORE VALUES help what makes good character.

DEVELOPING CORE VALUES

1. Define ethical behavior to your fellows.

2. Reinforce and encourage this behavior
3. Model your behavior for others to replicate
4. Explain specific appropriate behavior
5. Discuss interface moral dilemmas
6. Build moral dilemmas into craft
7. Leading corporation, learning of strategies,
transferring power of leader to participants.

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

- It is the observable changes, the character

makes, as the narrative progresses.
- To track this, we should focus on the
character traits and circumstances of the
character.
Ex. Where they live, their family structure,
social status, etc.

In another word, Character Development is also

called CHARACTERIZATION. In literature, it is a way
of describing characters in a way most readers will
understand.
pg. 6
FOUR TYPES OF CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

1. Dynamic character – a character who goes

through some sort of change.
2. Static character – a character who does not
change throughout the course of the story.
3. Round character – a character who is a
fully-developed figure.
4. Flat character – a character who does not
develop or change throughout the story.

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT is the process of

creating fictional characters with the same depth and
complexity as real-life human beings.

IMPORTANCE OF CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

- It help individuals develop a sense of purpose

self awareness and the ability to make ethical
decisions.
- It activates certain traits in individuals that
help guide their behavior
- It encompasses values ethics morality and
decision making

pg. 7
FIVE METHODS OF CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT

1. Physical Description
2. Action
3. Inner thoughts
4. Reactions
5. Speech

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN PHYSICAL

EDUCATION

It is about helping students to become better human

beings, as it emphasizes moral traits such as
kindness, respect, and fairness.

CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT TIPS

1. Establish a character’s motivations and goals.

2. Choose a voice
3. Do a slow reveal
4. Create conflict
5. Give important characters a backstory
6. Describe a character’s personality in familiar
terms
7. Paint a physical picture of your characters
8. Develop secondary characters.

pg. 8
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF CHARACTER
FORMATION

1. Parental Influence

- It is the most important of all the factors

responsible for personality development. The
way parents behave with the child, how much
he can socialize, the kind of culture he is
subjected by them, and the emotional make-
up of his parents, all these have a great
bearing on the child’s mental growth.
- In early stage of their human existence,
children adapt their parent’s mannerisms.
- Thus, parents should be careful in their ways
for they establish a great influence on their
children’s character.

2. Home Environment

- It is the cradle of human character and

personality largely contribute to the character
formation of a child. It is said that the parents
are the first educators of the children.
- It is their parental guidance and discipline that
creates the kind of character, personality and
attitude the child has.

pg. 9
3. School Environment

- To perfect the total development of a child’s

character and attitude, besides the home
environment, a child’s school environment too
plays a major role in shaping a child’s
personality.
- Once a child starts going to school, he learns
how to interact and deal with his peers.
- He comes to know how to engage in “playing”
according to the rules and regulations. He
gets educated, learns how to read, write, and
communicate effectively.
- A child’s personality is greatly influenced by
the way he is treated at school, both by his
teachers as well as his peers. The school
reinforce the education that the child needs
that home fails to provide.

4. Culture

- Everyone has different character and values

because of the different cultures we have.
- Sociologists found out that different cultures
have different values and a child grows up
with them, sub-consciously absorbing the
same.

pg. 10
GENERAL TYPES OF CHARACTER

1. Positive Character / Good Character / Positive

Traits – are traits that draw us to other people.
- these are attributes such as integrity, honesty,
courage, loyalty, fortitude, and other important
virtues that promote good behavior and habits

2. Negative Character / Negative Traits – a

person's predisposition to commit evil acts.
- The majority of people would consider the
character traits described below to be "bad"
or “negative”. However, "bad" or “negative” is
defined by the culture in which one lives.
Ex. Lying to avoid responsibilty, rigid and
selfish, lazy and many excuses, hot temper
and disloyal

3. Neutral Character – it does what seems to be a

good idea.
- commonly used to describe a person who
doesn't pick sides in disputes; neutral also
pegs anything that refuses to be bold.
- They feel strongly one way or the other when
it comes to good and evil or law and chaos.
Ex. Judges, people playing safe in politics

pg. 11
MOST WELL TRAITS AND ATTITUDE OF THE
FILIPINO

1. HOSPITALITY – it is a trait displayed by

every Filipino, characterized by heart-
warming generosity and friendliness exhibited
to foreigners and locals alike.

2. RESPECT - This is often observed- not just

by younger people but also by people of all
ages. In the Philippines, respect for one's
elders is a tradition.

a. Po and Opo – These words are spoken by

the Filipinos when talking to elders, or in
order to show respect to persons in authority.
These Filipino words mean "yes," when
answering or talking to the elders.

b. Pagmamano – Another way if showing

respect to the elders when greeting them.
This is done by putting their elders' hands on
their foreheads.

c. Filipinos also show respect at work by

making a bow to their employers.

pg. 12
3. STRONG FAMILY TIES - Filipinos value their
families so much that they tend to keep
families intact through the generations.

4. GENEROSITY AND HELPFULNESS – They

share what they have to the people around
them even when they only these could be felt
during birthdays, weddings or fiesta (party).

5. STRONG WORK ETHICS – Another good

thing most Filipinos have is being
hardworking people. They are always willing
to work almost the whole day to provide the
needs of their families.

6. LOVING AND CARING – Because of their

generosity, hospitality and religiosity.
Filipinos are found to be the sweetest
and most loving people in the world.

pg. 13
NEGATIVE TRAITS

1. FATALISM (COME WHAT MAY) – Bahala na

attitude. Filipinos have a tendency to
surrender the future to luck. Outcome of MH.

2. MAÑANA HABIT (PROCRASTINATION) -

True blooded Filipinos have the attitude of
causing delays in accomplishing things or
making transactions.

3. CRAB MENTALITY - This is an attitude of

some Filipinos where they tend to push each
other down to clear the way for their own
gain.

4. HYPOCRISY – This is a trait of the Filipino

where criticisms to others' failure to live with
the moral standards of the society are
inevitable. The fear of being an outcast has
forced a lot of people to live a double
standard life. To hide our failure in following a
norm, we tend to be condemning those who
are caught red handed.

pg. 14
5. NINGAS COGON – Most Filipinos are very
good at the start when doing something.
Nevertheless, after a few hours or days, that
excitement to do or accomplish something is
lost we and become too lazy to finish what
were have started.

6. TARDINESS (FILIPINO TIME) - Only in the

Philippines that we have the so-called
"Filipino time" but not exactly referring to the
Philippine standard time, but then again we
use it to refer to the “Tardines" of the persons
that we are waiting or who keeps on coming
late to the set time schedule of events.

7. GOSSIPING - Filipinos are fond of talking

about others' business.

8. BLAMING - Filipinos can sometimes be too

self-righteous. When mistakes happen, we do
not want to take the blame, we lack humility
to accept our failures, and instead we point at
others.

9. SELFISHNESS - Most Filipinos are

insensitive to the needs and situations of
others. (Being Insensitive to Others)
pg. 15
10. DISOBEDIENCE TO SIMPLE RULES -
Some Filipinos, despite of the understanding
of the purpose of laws and ordinances have
inability to observe and follow them.

11. ATTENTION TAKER - Filipinos are fun and

people loving race. Thus, attracting attention
is natural for them. Nevertheless, it is a
different thing to be an "epal" or "kapalmuks”-
simply, being an attention grabber.

12. ONION-SKINNED OR SENSITIVE - Another

habit or attitude that we need to change is our
being too proud which usually results to
being oversensitive.

13. LIVING BEYOND THEIR MEANS - One of

the reasons why a lot of Filipinos live in
poverty is because of overspending. Since
most people want to live an elite lifestyle,
many resort to social climbing or living
beyond their means.

pg. 16
14. PASSIVITY - Filipinos' lack of initiative for
change is also one reason why our country
does not progress. We keep on complaining
against the government and other societal
issues.

15. OTHER NEGATIVE TRAITS - Some Filipino

women give birth at an early age 16 (Teenage
Pregnancy). Some poor teenagers engage in
prostitution. There are many broken families.
A lot of bad words to choose from which
Filipinos just can't avoid saying those. Most
Filipinos tend to be with friends most of the
time than to be with their parents.

pg. 17
THREE MAIN TRAITS UNDERSCORING FILIPINO
VALUES

1. PERSONALISM - Filipinos valued

interpersonal relationship. It is firmly believed
that harmonious personal relationship is the
key to successful endeavours.
- Amicable settlement of dispute is the primary
means of restoring broken relationships
and face-to-face open forum is
considered once conflict is recognized in an
organization or the community.

2. FAMILIARISM - Filipinos are family-oriented.

Development programs and projects in the
community are concentrated on the family.
Decision on matters is centered on the
welfare and best interest of the family rather
than on the betterment and interest of some
individuals.
- The mistakes committed by a family member
affects the credibility and of the immediate
members of the family and relatives.

pg. 18
 3. PARTICULARISM - Displayed behaviour by
the individuals may it be good or bad is
blamed against the family.
- It is based on the principle that home is the
cradle of human personality and character
that is, the product of goodness is always
good and those who are moulded in
wickedness, will always show-off badness.
Individuals strive to promote their own and
their family's interests over community
interests.

On the other hand, knowing how to entertain

people (marunong umasikaso ng kapwa) is
important.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FILIPINO

CHARACTER

1. Home 6. Religion
Environment 7. Economic
2. Social Environment
Environment 8. Political
3. Cultural Language Environment
4. History 9. Mass Media
5. Educational 10. Leadership Role
System Model

pg. 19
FIVE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE
CHARACTER OR PERSONALITY TYPES

1. Openness – appreciation for a variety of

experiences.
2. Conscientiousness – planning ahead rather than
being spontaneous; being proactive
3. Extraversion – being sociable, energetic and
talkative.
4. Agreeableness – being kind, sympathetic and
happy to help.
5. Neuroticism – inclined to worry or be vulnerable or
temperamental.

TYPES OF CHARACTER

1. Self-realized character – a person with this type

of character is ever enthusiastic for he knows his
potentialities and limitations.

2. Covetous Character – this refers to a jealous or

acquisitive character. Persons with greed will
endeavor to go all out in fulfilling his personal petty
ambitions by adopting any means open to him even
crossing all the limits of moral and ethical limits.

pg. 20
3. Superstitious Character – in a way that all are
superstitious but when were over superstitious then
problem starts. It is not merely bad for the individual
concerned but also for those who come in contact
with this unpredictable person, who may change his
tag any moment thus leaving everybody around in the
lurch.

4. Egoistic Character / Over bearing / Bossy – the

person thinks that worlds runs due to him and
everything and everybody should respect him as
such. Hard-to-please (fastidious)

5. Anti-social Character – a person who neither

cares for the norms set by the society nor cares for
the moral or ethical values. (Offensive character)

6. Insincere Character – a person who thinks others

is there for serving him and is without any warmth
feelings for others.

7. Competent Character – we all should have

confidence on ourselves. It is good for day to day
functioning of our society. But when we cross the
threshold of confidence and step into the realm of
complacency then problem starts. A person who
imbibes this trait finally faces ignoble defeat for being
so and learns a lesson.

pg. 21
SIX PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER

1. TRUSTWORTHINESS. This is the pillar of good

character that is considered the most complicated of
the six core ethical values and concerns a variety of
qualities like honesty, integrity, reliability and loyalty.

- They must constantly live up to the expectations of

others and refrain from even small lies or self-serving
behavior that can quickly destroy relationship.

a. Honesty. There is no more fundamental

ethical value than honesty. Honesty is associated with
honor. Honesty in communications is expressing the
truth as best we know it and not conveying it in a way
likely to mislead or deceive.

FIVE DIMENSIONS OF HONESTY

1. Truthfulness – presenting the facts to the best of

our knowledge. Take note that, intent is the crucial
distinction between truthfulness and truth itself.

2. Sincerity – one must observe genuineness; being

without trickery or duplicity for it precludes all acts,
including half-truths, out-of-context statements, and
even silence, that are intended to create beliefs or
leave impressions that are untrue or misleading.

pg. 22
3. Candor – in relationships involving legitimate
expectations of trust, honesty may also require
candor, forthrightness and frankness. imposing the
obligation to volunteer information that another
person needs to know.

4. Integrity – persons of integrity are those who acts

according to his beliefs, not according to expediency.
He is also consistent.

5. Reliability (Promise-Keeping) – reliable persons

are those who keep their promises believing that
doing so create legitimate basis for another person to
rely on him, and that undertake special moral duties.

CONSIDERATIONS TO MAINTAIN RELIABILITY

1. Avoid Bad-Faith Excuses – interpret your

promises fairly and honestly Don't try to rationalize
non-compliance.

2. Avoid Unwise Commitments – before making a

promise consider carefully whether you are willing
and likely to keep it. Think about unknown or future
event that could make it difficult, undesirable or
impossible. Sometimes, all we can promise is to do
our best.
pg. 23
3. Avoid Unclear Commitments – be sure that when
you make a promise the other person understands
what you are committing to do.

b. Loyalty. To be trusted one must be loyal to

his or husband or wife, friends, employer, employee,
organization, citizen, and country. Hence, loyalty is a
responsibility that each one should develop and
maintain to promote the interests of certain people.
This duty goes beyond the normal obligation we all
share to care for others.

2. RESPECT. The Golden Rule in Human Relation,

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto
you," perfectly illustrates "respect." When respect is
observed we would prevent and pre-empt violence,
humiliation, manipulation and exploitation.

- It reflects notions such as civility, courtesy, decency.

dignity, autonomy, tolerance and acceptance.

QUALITIES OF A RESPECTFUL PERSON

1. Ability to Listen – when somebody is talking, he is

attentively listening.

pg. 24
2. Treats Others With Consideration – respectful
person doesn't resort to intimidation, coercion or
violence except in extraordinary and limited situations
to defend others, teach discipline, maintain order or
achieve social justice. They allow all individuals,
including maturing children, to have a say in the
decisions that affect them.

3. Capable of Accepting Individual Differences

and Beliefs – respectful individuals without prejudice
openly accepts principles and ideologies of others.
They judge others only on their negative character,
abilities and conduct.

3. RESPONSIBILITY. We are expected to be

responsible for our actions and behaviors as rational
being. Being responsible means to take charge and
be accountable of the consequences of what we think
and do.

QUALITIES OF A RESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. Sense of Accountability – an accountable person

leads by example and doesn't shift blame or claim
credit for the work of others. He considers the likely
consequences of his behavior and associations. He
recognizes the common complicity in the triumph of
evil when nothing is done to stop it.

pg. 25
b. Pursuit of Excellence – responsible person
shows diligence what he is doing, careful in his
actions, prepared and informed. They finish what they
started, overcoming rather than surrendering to
obstacles.

c. Self-Restraint – responsible people exercise self-

control, restraining passions and appetites (such as
lust, hatred, gluttony, greed and fear) for the sake of
longer-term vision and better judgment. They delay
gratification if necessary and never feel it's necessary
to "win at any cost." They realize they are as they
choose to be, every day.

4. FAIRNESS. This pillar of good character involves

issues of equality, impartiality, proportionality,
openness and due process. It is unfair to handle
similar matters inconsistently, and to impose
punishment that is not commensurate with the
offense.

- Fairness is another tricky concept, probably more

subject to legitimate debate and interpretation than
any other ethical value.

pg. 26
5. CARING. Caring is the heart of ethics, and ethical
decision-making. It is scarcely possible to be truly
ethical and yet unconcerned with the welfare of
others. That is because ethics is ultimately about
good relations with other people.

It is easier to love "humanity" than to love people.

People who consider themselves ethical and yet lack
a caring attitude toward individuals tend to treat
others as instruments of their will.

- A person who really cares feels an emotional

response to both the pain and pleasure of others.

6. CITIZENSHIP. This pillar of good character

includes civic virtues and duties that prescribe how
we ought to behave as part of a community. The good
citizen knows the laws and obeys them.

- He volunteers and stays informed on the issues of

the day, the better to execute his duties and privileges
as a member of a self-governing democratic society.

The Philippines is a meeting point for cultures from

all over Asia and the Pacific because it has been a
crossroads between east and west. China, the United
States, and Spain mainly influence the modern
Filipino identity.

pg. 27
VALUES ORIENTATION - Is the approach that may
influence work or social relationships by persons
relating to objects, events and ideas.

INTERPERSONAL OBLIGATIONS – It is the

relational or face-to-face interactions and their
resulting responsibilities. (In relation to personalism)

THREE MAIN OBLIGATIONS UNDERLYING

FILIPINO VALUE ORIENTATION

– The nature of interpersonal relationshit to the pure-

blooded Filipino people.

1. Pakikiramay - It is in the Filipino value of going out

of the way to help, without being asked,
i.e.,unsolicited help.

2. Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal Relations) -

Regardless whether someone's views are agreeable
or not, Filipinos are capable of getting along with it.
Camaraderie, trust, confidence, and loyalty are
enhanced and developed by this Filipino value.

pg. 28
3. Bayanihan - As mentioned in the preceding
topics, Filipinos are able to render services
and generous enough to extend help without
compensation. Somebody can request help in time of
need from those whom it is extended.

4. Galang (Respect) - Filipinos are basically oriented

to revere to the opinions of elders, peers,or those in
authority, during important discussions during social
encounters. Verbal clash or any sign of extreme
familiarity in public meetings is a sign of disrespect to
elders or persons in authority

CHARACTER TRAITS - are usually formed through

the identification with parents and other important
adults in the child’s environment. Everyone is partly
responsible for one’s character.

ARISTOTLE noted that character develops over time

as one acquires habits from parents and the
environment either through reward or punishment.
Developing a good character is much learning to play
a musical instrument. Initially, an individual may be
under some pressure to practice, but eventually,
enjoys playing with skill and understanding (Hartman,
2013).

pg. 29
 CHARACTER TRAITS

1. Alertness – being aware of what is taking place

around.

2. Attentiveness – showing the worth of a person or

task by giving undivided concentration.

3. Availability – making own schedule and priorities

secondary to the wishes of those being served.

4. Benevolence – giving to others basic needs

without the motivation for acquiring personal rewards.

5. Boldness – confidence that what is say or do is

true, right, and just.

6. Cautiousness – knowing how important right

timing is in accomplishing right actions.

7. Compassion – investing whatever is necessary to

heal the hurts of others.

8. Contentment – realizing that true happiness does

not depend on material conditions.

9. Creativity – approaching a need, a task, or an idea

from a new perspective.

10. Decisiveness – the ability to recognize key

factors and finalize difficult decisions.
pg. 30
11. Deference – limiting freedom so not to offend the
tastes of others.

12. Dependability – fulfilling what is consented to do,

even if it means unexpected sacrifice.

13. Determination – purposing to accomplish right

goals at the right time, regardless of the opposition.

14. Diligence – investing time and energy to

complete each task assigned.

15. Discernment – understanding the deeper

reasons why things happen.

16. Discretion – recognizing and avoiding words,

actions, and attitudes that could bring undesirable
consequences.

17. Endurance – the inward strength to withstand

stress and do the best.

18. Enthusiasm – expressing joy in doing and

accomplishing each tasks.

19. Faith – confidence that actions rooted in good

character will yield the best outcome, even when it's
not personally observed.

pg. 31
20. Flexibility – willingness to change plans or ideas
according to the direction of the authorities.

21. Forgiveness – clearing the record of those who

have wronged and not holding a grudge.

22. Generosity – carefully managing resources to be

capable of freely giving to those in need.

23. Gentleness – showing consideration and

personal concern for others.

24. Gratefulness – letting others know by one's

words and actions how they have benefited one's life.

25. Honor – respecting those in leadership because

of the higher authorities they represent

26. Hospitality – cheerfully sharing food, shelter, or

conversation to benefit others.

27. Humility – acknowledging that achievement

results from the investment of others in one's life.

28. Initiative – recognizing and doing what needs to

be done before being asked to do it.

29. Joyfulness – maintaining a good attitude, even

when faced with unpleasant conditions.

pg. 32
30. Justice – taking personal responsibility to uphold
what is pure, right, and true.

31. Loyalty – using difficult times to demonstrate

commitment to those being served.

32. Meekness – yielding personal rights and

expectations with a desire to serve.

33. Obedience – quickly and cheerfully carrying out

the direction of the superior.

34. Orderliness – arranging self and surroundings to

achieve greater efficiency.

35. Patience – accepting a difficult situation without

giving a deadline to remove it.

36. Persuasiveness – guiding vital truths around

another's mental roadblocks.

37. Punctuality – showing esteem for others by

doing the right thing at the right time.

38. Resourcefulness – finding practical uses for that

which others would overlook or discard

39. Responsibility – knowing and doing what is expected.

40. Security – structuring one's life around that which

cannot be destroyed or taken away.
pg. 33
41. Self-Control – rejecting wrong desires and doing
what is right.

42. Sensitivity – perceiving the true attitudes and

emotions of others.

43. Sincerity – eagerness to do what is right with

transparent motives.

44. Thoroughness – knowing what factors will

diminish the effectiveness of one's work or words if
neglected.

45. Thriftiness – allowing oneself and others to

spend only what is necessary.

46. Tolerance – realizing that everyone is at varying

levels of character development.

47. Truthfulness – earning future trust by accurately

reporting past facts.

48. Virtue – the moral excellence evident in one's life

as consistently doing what is right.

49. Wisdom – seeing and responding to life situations

from a perspective that transcends current
circumstances.

pg. 34
BASIC CONCEPT OF VALUES

Core values are a person's or organization's

fundamental beliefs. These guiding principles dictate
conduct and can assist individuals to know the
distinction between right and wrong.

- It also assists organizations by establishing

an unwavering guide to determine if they are
on the correct track and fulfil their objectives.

Values are essential because they assist us to grow.

They assist us build the future that we want to
experience.

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF FILIPINO

VALUES

Filipino values are focused on preserving social

harmony, mainly driven by a group's willingness to be
accepted. The primary sanction against diverging
from these values are "Hiya" ideas, approximately
translated as "a sense of shame," and "Amor proper”
or "self-esteem."

pg. 35
The Filipino philosophy is basically ‘non dualistic,'
according to anthropologist Leonardo Mercado.

- He concludes, based on his linguistic analysis

of Filipino value terms such as "loob"
(Cebuano buot), that Filipinos desire
harmony, not only in interpersonal
relationships, but also with nature and
religion, while remaining non- dichotomous.

THE FIVE CORE FILIPINO VALUES

1. Mapagpasalamat –This is based on the aspiration

of Filipinos to "Pamumuhay" (Life) and "Pananalig sa
Diyos at Kapwa" (God and People Faith). Filipinos
understand how life can be enjoyed.

- We always have a positive outlook because,

even in the smallest things, we always find
things to be grateful for. We also recognize
other people's excellent acts towards us and
do our utmost to return the favor.

pg. 36
2. Matatag – Filipinos, being in a nation susceptible
to natural disasters, have adjusted and learned to be
powerful in moments of need and in difficult
circumstances that life throws at us. This power is
derived from our love for our family and our belief in
the greater being.

- This is based on Filipino's "Kaayusan" (Order)

aspiration. In reality, the popular phrase of the
Philippines is "Ayos Na." When we are able to
overcome problems, we say "Ayos Na." We
Filipinos are longing for "Kaayusan," and we
will endure all and be powerful in the midst of
hardships and challenges until we overcome
the barriers.

3. Masigasig – We do everything we can to get it

when Filipinos dream of something. We're doing it for
our loved ones and relatives. This is based on the
"Kasaganaan" (Abundance) and "Ginhawa" (Relief)
aspiration of Filipinos. Not for himself, but for his
family, a Filipino aspires to abundance.

- OFWs would be an instance of enduring

being away from home to offer their families a
healthy life - abundance and relief from
hardships.

pg. 37
4. Mapagmalasakit – It is because of our family love
extended to friends, neighbors and others that
naturally sympathetic Filipinos. This compassion
allows us to assist others without in exchange asking
for anything.

- This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to

"Loob at Damdamin" and "Kapwa" (Other
People). Our characteristic of
"Mapagmalasakit" makes it simple for us to
promote the spirit of Bayanihan – to unite and
assist one another during calamities and to
celebrate together on unique occasions.

5. Magalang – The use of po, opo, and pagmamano

(hand kissing) are separate methods of regard for
Filipino people. We say these phrases and use this
gesture to demonstrate our respect and love to
elderly.

- The Filipinos' respect is not just limited to the

elderly but also to other people's properties,
emotions, and ideas. We are polite people.
Our language is also respectful because it
has no sex bias. Our respect for other people
is an integral part of our culture and our
language. This is based on our "Lakas ng
Loob" or "Kagandahang Loob" aspiration.
pg. 38
PATRIOTISM

- Is support to one’s country because you feel

in it and a belief in the values of a country
- It is a love of a country.

Patriotism is "love for or devotion to country". It

means there is a connection formed between the
individual, the nation he belongs to and the country
he lives in.

Holsti (1995) explains the human need for patriotism.

He claims that people seek to create a group identity
to attain the psychological safety necessary to their
emotional stability and psychological wellbeing, just
as individuals are preoccupied with their personal
identity; people wish to reinforce their identity as a
single psychological identity by way of national
symbols.

This attitude towards the human need for group

identity is also linked to the human concepts of
"STATE" and "NATION".

pg. 39
According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, patriotism
means a kind of love and loyalty a person feels
towards his fellow countrymen or his country. It is
a loyalty that derives from an INNER DESIRE
RATHER THAN FROM COGNITION. The sense of
patriotic loyalty is direct and spontaneous.

Like altruism, patriotism REQUIRES THE

INDIVIDUAL TO SACRIFICE PERSONAL
INTERESTS for the sake of others.

NATIONALISM

- A sense of national consciousness exalting

one nation above all others and placing
primary emphasis on promotion of its culture
and interest as opposed to those of other
nations or supranational groups.
- A person’s affinity to those who share the
same history, culture, language etc.

NATIONALISM (DICTIONARY)

- Is a loyalty and devotion to a nation.

- It is exclusive.

pg. 40
PATRIOTISM VS. NATIONALISM

PATRIOTISM represents attachments to one’s

country.

NATIONALISM refers to the tendency to favor one

country over others.

YOU ARE A PATRIOT IF YOU CONSIDER THE

FOLLOWING:

1. Respect the flag and value Filipino identity.

2. Know your nation’s history and share to
others.
3. Be a productive citizen.
4. Be aware of the issues of your country.
5. Stand proud for every Filipino achievement.
6. Patronize and support your own product.
7. Respect everyone and value our traditions.
8. Speak out our own language and not hesitate
to tell where you came from.
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’
sacrifices.
10. Love our family, neighbors, compatriots.

pg. 41
NATIONALIST - doctrine of patriotism

- Nationalism and patriotism are sometimes

synonymous but not compatible to each
other.

To understand nationalism:

You must understand first what a nation is.

NATION – A group of people who share history,

culture, language, religion, etc.

COUNTRY – Sometimes called state in political

science terminology, while in Criminology, it is an area
of land that has its own government.

NATION-STATE – is a homogenous political entity,

mostly comprising a single nation. Ex. North Korea

pg. 42