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S4 2 Basicdatatypes

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8 views

S4 2 Basicdatatypes

Uploaded by

sachin.mldt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Types in

C-Part-2

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 1


Objectives of this session
• To learn about basic data types in c
• How to declare them in program
• Different operators in C

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 2


Learning outcomes
• At the end of this session, you will understand
• About different types of basic data types available in C
• How to declare them in a C program
• Different types of operators available in C

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 3


The character type char

• A char variable can be used to store a single character.

• A character constant is formed by enclosing the character within a pair


of single quotation marks. Valid examples: 'a’ .

• Character zero ( ‘0’ ) is not the same as the number (integer constant)
0.

• The character constant ‘\n’—the newline character—is a valid


character constant. It is called as an escape character.

• There are other escape sequences like, \t for tab, \v for vertical tab, \n
for new line etc.

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 4


Character Types
 Character type char is related to the integer type.

 Modifiers(type specifiers) unsigned and signed can be used


 char 1 byte (-128 to 127)
 signed char 1 byte (-128 to 127)
 unsigned char 1 byte (0 to 255)

 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange ) is the dominant


encoding scheme for characters.
 Examples
 ' ' encoded as 32 '+' encoded as 43
 'A' encoded as 65 …………………….'Z' encoded as 90
 'a' encoded as 97 ……………………. 'z' encoded as 122
 ‘0’ encoded as 48 ……………………..’9’ encoded as 57

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 5


Assigning values to char
char letter; /* declare variable letter of type char */

letter = ‘A'; /* OK */
letter = A; /* NO! Compiler thinks A is a variable */
letter = “A"; /* NO! Compiler thinks “A" is a string */
letter = 65; /* ok because characters are internally stored
as numeric values (ASCII code) */

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 6


Floating-Point Types
 Floating-point types represent real numbers
 Integer part
 Fractional part

 The number 108.1517 breaks down into the following parts


 108 - integer part
 1517 - fractional part

 Floating-point constants can also be expressed in scientific notation. The


value 1.7e4 represents the value 1.7 × 104.

The value before the letter e is known as the mantissa, whereas the
value that follows e is called the exponent.
 There are three floating-point type specifiers
 float
 double
4/9/2021
 long double CSE 1051 Department of CSE 7
SIZE AND RANGE OF VALUES FOR 16-BIT MACHINE
(FLOATING POINT TYPE)

Type Size

32 bits
Single Precision Float
4 bytes

64 bits
Double Precision double 8 bytes

Long Double 80 bits


long double
Precision 10 bytes

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 8


void
2 uses of void are
 To specify the return type of a function when it is not
returning any value.
 To indicate an empty argument list to a function.

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 9


Best Practices for Programming
Naming Variables According to Standards
Prefix Data Type Example

i int and unsigned int iTotalMarks


f float fAverageMarks
d double dSalary
l long and unsigned long lFactorial
c signed char and unsigned char cChoice
 ai Array of integers aiStudentId
 af Array of float afQuantity
 ad Array of double adAmount
 al Array of long integers alSample
4/9/2021
 ac Array of characters
CSE 1051 Department of CSE
acEmpName 10
Example: Using data
types
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int integerVar = 100;
float floatingVar = 331.79;
double doubleVar = 144368.4411;
char charVar = 'W';
printf(“%d\n”, integerVar);
printf(“%f\n”,floatingVar);
printf(“%g\n”,doubleVar);
printf(“%c\n”,charVar);
return 0;
}
4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 11
Operators

• The different operators are:


• Arithmetic
• Relational
• Logical
• Increment and Decrement
• Bitwise
• Assignment
• Conditional

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 12


Summary
• Character data type (char) takes 1 byte(8-bits) in memory
• ASCII format is used to encode character data

• Floating point numbers (real numbers) can be stored in float, double


or long double depending on the precision we want

• There are different types of operators available in c for different


purpose

4/9/2021 CSE 1051 Department of CSE 13

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