Question Bank - Biotechnology - Principles
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Aaaa_raaaaQuestion Bank - Biotechnology - Principles
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ALWARQA’A
GRADE 12 BIOLOGY
CHAPTER – BIOTECHNOLOGY- PRINCIPLES
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Restriction endonuclease
(a) synthesizes DNA
(b) cuts the DNA molecules randomly
(c) cuts the DNA molecule at specific sites
(d) restricts the synthesis of DNA inside the nuclease
2. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with
(a) DNA polymerase (c) DNA ligase
(b) exonucleases (d) endonucleases
3. An enzyme catalyzing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is
(a) endonuclease (c) DNA ligase
(b) exonuclease (d) Hind-II
4. Which of the given statements is correct in the context of observing DNA separated by
agarose gel electrophoresis?
(a) DNA can be seen in visible light
(b) DNA can be seen without staining in visible light
(c) Ethidium bromide-stained DNA can be seen in visible light
(d) Ethidium bromide-stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light
5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the plasmids?
(a) Extranuclear (c) Independent replication
(b) Single-stranded (d) Circular DNA
6. DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be
separated by
(a) Gel electrophoresis (c) Centrifugation
(b) Restriction mapping (d) PCR
7. Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA
molecule?
(a) Restriction endonuclease (c) DNA fragments
(b) DNA ligase (d) E.coli
8. The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is
(a) origin of replication (ori)
(b) presence of a selectable marker
(c) presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
(d)its size
9. While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not required?
(a) Lysozyme
(b) Ribonuclease
(c) Deoxyribonuclease
(d) Protease
10. Select the correct sequence of processing of PCR
(a) Extension, primer annealing, denaturation
(b) Denaturation, primer annealing, extension
(c) Denaturation, extension, primer annealing
(d) Primer annealing, denatturatiotn, extension
11. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of
(a) competent cells
(b) transformed cells
(c) recombinant cells
(d) none of the above
12. Significance of ‘heat shock’ method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate
(a) binding of DNA to the cell wall
(b) uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins
(c) uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall
(d) expression of antibiotic resistance gene
13. Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
(a) Denaturation of template DNA
(b) Annealing of primers to template DNA
(c) Extension of primer end on the template DNA
(d) All of the above
14. Which of these is not correctly matched?
(a) Gene gun—biolistic gun
(b) Plasmids—extrachromosomal DNA
(c) DNA ligase—biological scissors
(d) Bacteriophages—viruses
15. Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?
(a) It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence
(b) It is an endonuclease
(c) It is isolated from viruses
(d) It can produce the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules
In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements, but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement, but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement, but reason is correct statement.
16. Assertion: Plasmids are single stranded extrachromosomal DNA.
Reason: Plasmids are found in eukaryotic cells.
17. Assertion: In recombinant DNA technology, human genes are often transferred into
bacteria (prokaryotes) or yeast (eukaryote).
Reason: Both bacteria and yeast multiply very fast to form huge population which
express the desired gene.
18. Assertion: In recombinant DNA technology both ligase and nuclease play an important
role.
Reason: Ligase cuts the DNA at specific sites and nuclease joins the DNA fragments.
19. Assertion: Restriction enzymes recognise palindromic sequences.
Reason: Palindromic sequences read the same in both directions of the strands.
Case Based Questions
20. (i) Name the organism in which the vector shown is inserted to get the copies of the
desired gene. [4]
(ii) Mention the area labelled in the vector responsible for controlling the copy number
of the inserted gene.
(iii) Name and explain the role of a selectable marker in the vector shown.
21. Rajesh was doing gel electrophoresis to purify DNA fragments. Given below is the sketch
of the observations of the experiment performed by him. [3]
(i) At which end he would have loaded the samples and where?
(ii) Analyse the reason for different positions taken up by the DNA bands.
(iii) Elaborate the step he would have followed to visualise DNA bands
Short Answer Questions [1 mark]
22. Write the two components of the first artificial recombinant DNA molecule constructed
by Cohen and Boyer.
23. What is the host called that produces a foreign gene product? What is this product
called?
24. Mention the uses of cloning vector in biotechnology.
25. Biotechnologists refer to Agrobacterium tumifaciens as a natural genetic engineer of
plants. Give reasons to support the statement.
26. Why is the enzyme cellulase needed for isolating genetic material from plant cells and
not from the animal cells?
27. How does an alien DNA enter a plant cell by ‘biolistics’ method?
Short Answer Questions [2 marks]
28. Explain palindromic nucleotide sequence with the help of a suitable example.
29. Write the convention used for naming restriction enzymes.
30. Write any four ways used to introduce a desired DNA segment into a bacterial cell in
recombinant technology experiments.
31. What are ‘cloning sites’ in a cloning vector? Explain their role. Name any two such sites
in pBR322.
32. Write the use of the following in biotechnology
(a) Chilled ethanol (b) Microinjection (c) Bioreactor (d) Plasmid
33. How is insertional inactivation of an enzyme used as a selectable marker to differentiate
recombinants from non-recombinants?
34. Name the organism from where the thermostable DNA polymerase is isolated. State its
role in genetic engineering.
35. Name the most commonly used bioreactor and describe its working.
Long Answer Questions–I [3 marks]
37. List the key tools used in recombinant DNA technology.
38. Explain three basic steps to be followed during genetic modification of an organism.
39. A recombinant DNA is formed when sticky ends of vector DNA and foreign DNA join.
Explain how the sticky ends are formed and get joined.
40. In pBR322, foreign DNA must be introduced in tetR region. From the restriction enzymes
given below, which one should be used and why? PvuI, EcoRI, BamHI
(b) Give reasons, why the other two enzymes cannot be used.