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1. What is Speaking Order?
A speaking order is an order that includes the reasons for a decision, along with
the decision and conclusions. It's a principle of natural justice that requires
orders that impact an individual's rights to be speaking orders.
2. Define Administrative law.
As per Ivor Jennings, Administrative law is the law relating to the

administration. It determines the organisation, powers & duties of the
administrative authorities.
3. Write the requisites of a government contract?
To bind the government in contractual liability the three requisites must be

there, which includes i.e. written contract, execution by authorised person and
expression in the name of President.
4. What is droit administratif?
Droit administratif is a French term that refers to administrative law, which is a

set of rules that govern the relationship between the public administration and
citizens. It also determines the powers, duties, and organization of the public
administration.
5. What do you understand by injunction?
An injunction is a court order that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a

specific action. Injunctions are used to preserve the status quo in situations
where further actions would cause irreparable harm.
6. What is post-decisional hearing?
A post-decisional hearing is a process that allows an individual to be heard after

a tentative decision has been made by the authorities. The Supreme Court of
India developed the concept of post-decisional hearing in the case of Maneka
Gandhi v. Union of India to balance administrative efficiency and fairness to
individuals.
7. Who is an Ombudsman?
An Ombudsman in administrative law is an independent official or body

appointed by the government to oversee and investigate complaints and
grievances against administrative actions and decisions made by government
agencies, departments or public officials.
8. What are the two sources of Administrative Law?
Sources include the constitution, legislation, judicial review, delegated

legislation, and common law precedents.
9. What is the Doctrine of Laissez Faire?

The doctrine of laissez-faire is an economic philosophy that advocates for
minimal government interference in the economy.
10.What are the three main organs of the State?
The three main organs of the state are the legislature, the executive, and the
judiciary:
 Legislature: Made up of elected representatives
 Executive: A smaller group of people who run the government and

implement laws
 Judiciary: Punishes those who violate the law
11.What is the meaning of "Nemo Debet Esse Judex In Propria Causa".
Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa is a Latin phrase that means "no one
should be a judge in their own cause". It is a fundamental rule of natural justice
and constitutionalism that requires decision-makers to be impartial and free
from bias.
12.What is a non-sovereign function?
A non-sovereign function is a function of the government that is subject to the

jurisdiction of a civil court, and for which the government can be held liable:
 Examples: Commercial activities, tortious acts, and breach of contract
13.What is prohibitory injunction?
A prohibitory injunction when granted by a court, prohibits the defendant from

doing a wrongful act that would be an infringement of the plaintiff's legal
rights.
14.What is contingent legislation?
Contingent legislation, also known as conditional legislation, is a type of

legislation that gives an administrative authority the power to decide when a
law should be applied or enforced. The law is clearly specified, but its
application is subject to certain conditions or circumstances.
15.Write any two distinctions between quasi-judicial and administrative functions.
An administrative function is called quasi-judicial when there is an obligation to

adopt the judicial approach and to comply with the basic requirements of
justice. Where there is no such obligation. the decision is called 'purely
administrative' and there is no third category.
16.State any two reasons for the establishment of Public Corporation.
i) To transfer the business of a nationalised undertaking to the corporation.
ii) To facilitate the acquisition of undertakings belonging to an existing

company.
iii) To promote, develop and operate certain schemes.
17.Write the concept of legitimate expectation.
Legitimate expectation is the hope or the desire of a person to obtain a

favorable order, inspired by past practice or promoted by representation.
Legitimate expectation gives the applicant sufficient locus standi for judicial
review. This concept has emerged as an important doctrine in the taxation
matters.
18.What are the different types of public corporations
Sub-delegation is the process of transferring some or all of the authority

granted to a person or entity to another person or entity. The person or entity
that grants the authority is known as the delegating authority, and the person or
entity that receives the authority is known as the sub-delegate.
19.What is official bias?
Official bias or bias as to the subject matter relates to behavioural attitude of a

judge. This means a predisposition or inclination towards a particular issue. It
may affect a fair decision. Interest of a judge in the outcome of a proceeding
may vitiate the order.
20.Define Delegated Legislation.
Delegated Legislation is a term which covers the vast amount of legislation

made by government agencies and the Governor-General under authority of
Acts of Parliaments, which delegate this power to agencies.
21.State any two functions of Union Public Service Commission
(i) Conduct examinations for appointment to the services of the Union.

(ii) Direct recruitment by selection through interviews.
22.What is Judicial -Review?
A judicial system refers to the system of courts and legal processes that are
responsible for interpreting and applying the law. It can be divided into federal
and state courts, each with their own jurisdiction and hierarchy.
23.What is Henry VIII clause?
A Henry VIII clause is a provision in a bill that allows the executive branch to
amend or repeal parts of an Act of Parliament using secondary legislation.
24.Explain the doctrine of estoppel.

Estoppel is that rule which prohibits a person from contradicting what was
earlier said by him in a court of law.
25.Explain the doctrine of rule of law.
The rule of law is a fundamental principle that emphasizes the importance of

equality before the law, prohibition of conduct, protection of individual rights
and serves as a safeguard against abuse of power, ensuring that no one violates
the law with position or regardless of position.
26.Explain the writ of mandamus.
A writ of mandamus is a court order that compels a lower court or government

official to perform their legal duties, or to refrain from an illegal action. The
term mandamus comes from Latin and means "we command"
27.What is a writ of Prohibition?
A writ of prohibition is a judicial order issued by a superior court to prevent an

inferior court from acting beyond its jurisdiction.
28.Define pecuniary bias.
Pecuniary Bias arises when the judge has monetary or economic interest in the
subject. matter of dispute. The judge while deciding a case must not have any
pecuniary or. proprietary interest in such case being decided upon.

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1. What is Speaking Order?

2. Define Administrative law.

As per Ivor Jennings, Administrative law is the law relating to the

3. Write the requisites of a government contract?

To bind the government in contractual liability the three requisites must be

4. What is droit administratif?

Droit administratif is a French term that refers to administrative law, which is a

5. What do you understand by injunction?

An injunction is a court order that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a

6. What is post-decisional hearing?

A post-decisional hearing is a process that allows an individual to be heard after

An Ombudsman in administrative law is an independent official or body

8. What are the two sources of Administrative Law?

Sources include the constitution, legislation, judicial review, delegated

9. What is the Doctrine of Laissez Faire?

10.What are the three main organs of the State?

 Legislature: Made up of elected representatives

 Executive: A smaller group of people who run the government and

 Judiciary: Punishes those who violate the law

11.What is the meaning of "Nemo Debet Esse Judex In Propria Causa".

12.What is a non-sovereign function?

A non-sovereign function is a function of the government that is subject to the

 Examples: Commercial activities, tortious acts, and breach of contract

13.What is prohibitory injunction?

A prohibitory injunction when granted by a court, prohibits the defendant from

14.What is contingent legislation?

Contingent legislation, also known as conditional legislation, is a type of

15.Write any two distinctions between quasi-judicial and administrative functions.

An administrative function is called quasi-judicial when there is an obligation to

16.State any two reasons for the establishment of Public Corporation.

i) To transfer the business of a nationalised undertaking to the corporation.

ii) To facilitate the acquisition of undertakings belonging to an existing

17.Write the concept of legitimate expectation.

Legitimate expectation is the hope or the desire of a person to obtain a

18.What are the different types of public corporations

Sub-delegation is the process of transferring some or all of the authority

19.What is official bias?

Official bias or bias as to the subject matter relates to behavioural attitude of a

20.Define Delegated Legislation.

Delegated Legislation is a term which covers the vast amount of legislation

21.State any two functions of Union Public Service Commission

(i) Conduct examinations for appointment to the services of the Union.

22.What is Judicial -Review?

23.What is Henry VIII clause?

24.Explain the doctrine of estoppel.

25.Explain the doctrine of rule of law.

The rule of law is a fundamental principle that emphasizes the importance of

26.Explain the writ of mandamus.

A writ of mandamus is a court order that compels a lower court or government

27.What is a writ of Prohibition?

A writ of prohibition is a judicial order issued by a superior court to prevent an

28.Define pecuniary bias.

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