POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEE40113 SIGNAL AND SYSTEM

LECTURER DR. MARLINA BINTI RAMLI

TYPE OF ASSESSMENT PRACTICAL WORK 4

TOPIC Z TRANSFORM

DURATION 2 HOURS

DATE OF ASSESSMENT

NAME REGISTRATION NO.

MUHAMMAD AIMAN
IZZUDDIN BIN 08DEU22F1104
MOHD ROZI
INDIVIDUAL/
GROUP MEMBERS

MARKS /100
 DEE40113 SIGNAL AND SYSTEM
PRACTICAL WORK 4 – Z Transform
manipulate software to analyze the signals and DK 6 -Codifie
CLO2 systems correctly based on the given procedure (P4, PLO5 recognized pra
PLO5)

A. OBJECTIVE/EXPERIMENT OUTCOMES

1. To write the program to generate a basic signal.

2. To execute the program to interpret and carry out the instructions.
3. To debug the program to identify and fix errors or bugs.
4. To display the output in the specified format.

B. THEORY

The Z-transform (ZT) is a mathematical tool that is used to convert the difference equations in the time domai
domain.

The Z-transform is a very useful tool in the analysis of a linear shift invariant (LSI) system. An LSI discrete-
equations. To solve these different equations which are in the time domain, they are converted first into algebra
Z-transform, then the algebraic equations are manipulated in the z-domain and the result obtained is converte
inverse Z-transform.

The Z-transform may be of two types viz. unilateral (or one-sided) and bilateral (or two-sided).
Mathematically, if x(n)x(n) is a discrete-time signal or sequence, then its bilateral or two-sided Z-transform is d

Where z is a complex variable and it is given by,

Where r is the radius of a circle.

Also, the unilateral or one-sided z-transform is defined as

The unilateral or one-sided z-transform is very useful because we mostly deal with causal sequences. Also, i
equations with initial conditions.

C. TOOLS/APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT
 Computer, Software MATLAB, Scilab, Octave Online etc

D. SAFETY PROCEDURE
1. Do not plug in external devices (e.g USB thumb drive) without scanning them for computer viruses.
2. Always back up all your important data files.

E. PROCEDURE

1. Create a script M-file; click New from the File menu.

2. Click Blank M-file.
3. Write Matlab code in Editor Window:’

a) Compute the z-transform of the following functions. Write the program and print the output for the function.

1 𝑛 1 𝑛
i) 𝑥[𝑛] = (2) 𝑢[𝑛] + (3) 𝑢[𝑛] Example:
% z transform
1 𝑛 1 𝑛
ii) 𝑥 [𝑛] = (3) 𝑢[𝑛] + (2) 𝑢[−𝑛 − 1] syms z n
x=(1/2)*n + (1/3)*
1 𝑛 1 𝑛 ztrans(x)
iii) 𝑥[𝑛] = (2) 𝑢[𝑛] + (3) 𝑢[−𝑛 − 1] simplify(x)
pretty(x)

b) Compute the inverse z-transform for results (a)(i), (ii) and (iii). Write the program and print the output for the fun
Example:
% inverse z
transform
syms z n
x=(z/(z-1/2))+
(z/(z-1/3))
x=iztrans(x)
simplify(x)
pretty(x)

c) Compute the poles and zeros for results (a)(i) and (ii). Write the program and print the output for the function.

Example:
% zero and pole
b=[2 -5/6]
%b=zeros
a=[1 -5/6 1/6]
%a=poles
zplane(b,a)

F. RESULT/DATA
A. i)
A. ii)

A. iii)
B. i)

B.ii)
B.iii)

C. i)
G. DISCUSSION
For discussion the Z-transform is a fundamental tool in the analysis and design of discrete-time systems, serving as th
transform in continuous-time systems. It enables the representation of discrete-time signals and systems in the compl
filtering, and control. The Z-transform's properties, such as linearity, time shifting, scaling, and convolution, make it invalu
and systems. Its inverse transformation allows for the recovery of the original signals from their transformed representati
With applications ranging from digital filter design to digital signal processing, the Z-transform plays a crucial role i
researchers with a powerful toolset for tackling complex discrete-time problems.
H. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the utilization of MATLAB in a Z-transform lab provides students with a practical and hands-on ap
of discrete-time signal processing and system analysis. By implementing algorithms for computing Z-transfo
responses, students gain valuable insight into the theoretical concepts covered in class. MATLAB's extensive lib
allows for efficient experimentation and visualization of results, enhancing comprehension and intuition. Furtherm
real-world systems using MATLAB empowers students to apply their knowledge to practical engineering pro
indispensable tool in Z-transform labs, fostering a deeper understanding of discrete-time systems and preparin
field of signal processing and control theory.

I. REFERENCES
[1] “MATLAB Online R2019b,” matlab.mathworks.com. https://matlab.mathworks.com/
[2] Y. Isukapalli, “Transform Domain Representation of Discrete Time Signals The Z Transform.” Available:
https://web.ece.ucsb.edu/~yoga/courses/DSP/P6_Z_Transform.pdf

[3] “What is Z-Transform?,” www.tutorialspoint.com. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-z-transform

[4] “Understanding the Z-Transform,” www.youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJRW6jamUHk

[5] “Inverse Z Transform: Meaning & Examples | StudySmarter,” StudySmarter UK.

https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/engineering/engineering-mathematics/inverse-z-transform/
(accessed Apr. 20, 2024).

[6] “12.4: Inverse Z-Transform,” Engineering LibreTexts, May 23, 2020.

https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Signal_Processing_and_Modeling/Signals_and_
Transform_and_Discrete_Time_System_Design/12.04%3A_Inverse_Z-Transform

Prepared by : Checked by : Verified by :

(DR. MARLINA RAMLI) (ABU BAKAR HAFIS BIN KAHAR) (NORAZLINA

Head of Programme/Subject Matter Expert/Course Head of Depa
Course Coordinator/Course Lecturer Coordinator Leader
Date : 2.8.2024 Date : 2.8.202
Date : 2.8.2024
 Student 1

Student 2
Score 1 2 3 4 5

Score
Aspect Weak Average Satisfactory Good Excellent

Able to write
part of the
program Able to write
Able to write
Able to write correctly but program and gives
Write Program Unable to write program without
program less than three correct output
PRACTICAL SKILL (70%)

program lecturer’s x5
incorrectly quarter of the under supervision
assistance
program under of the lecturer
supervision of
the lecturer

Unable to Executing Able to execute Able to execute Execute ALL

Execute execute program is 30% 50% program is 80% program is program
program program with successfully successfully successfully successfully x5
assistance with assistance with assistance without assistance without assistance

Unable to Able to debug Able to debug

Able to debug
Debug perform any Able to debug program 50% program 80%
ALL program
Program debugging incorrectly correctly with correctly without x4
without assistance
program assistance assistance
Able to display Able to display Able to display all
Able to display output 50% output 80% the output
Display
Output output correctly under correctly without excellently
incorrectly x2
incorrectly supervision of the supervision of without the help
the lecturer lecturer of the lecturer
Very Some of the
All important
incomplete or results have Almost of the Almost all of the
trends and data
incorrect been correctly results have results have been
comparisons have
interpretation of interpreted and been correctly correctly
been interpreted
trends and discussed; interpreted and interpreted and
Discussion correctly and
comparison of partial but discussed, only discussed, only
discussed, good x2
data indicating a incomplete minor minor
understanding of
lack of understanding improvements improvements are
results is
REPORT (30%)

understanding of results is still are needed needed

conveyed
of results evident

Accurate
Accurate statement of the
No conclusion A statement of statement of the results of lab
A statement of
was included or the results of the results of the lab indicates whether
the results is
shows little lab indicates indicates whether results support
Conclusion incomplete with
effort and whether results results support the hypothesis
little reflection x1
reflection on the support the hypothesis Possible sources
on the lab
lab hypothesis Possible sources of error and what
of error identified was learned from
the lab discussed

References 0 reference 1-2 references 3-4 references 4-5 references >5 references x1

Total 100