Lab. 7

Joints of
pelvis
Sacroiliac joints
• Are strong synovial joints and formed between the articular surface of sacrum
and iliac bones .
• Ligaments :
interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
Posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
Interior interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
Iliolumbar ligaments ( accessory ligaments)
 Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments : prevent rotory movement.
Symphysis pubis : is cartilaginous joint between two pubic bones , that connect by
fibrocartilaginous disc .
Joints of the lower extremity
• Hip joint : articulation between hemispherical head of the femur and
cup- shaped acetabulum of hip bone .the cavity of acetabulum
deepened by acetabular labrum . Synovial Ball-socket joint .
• Capsule : the capsule attached to acetabular labrum medially and
laterally to intertrochanteric line of head of femur.
• Ligaments :
 iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Trasverse acetabular ligament
Lligament of head of femur
Movement f hip joint
• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Lateral rotation
• Medial rotation
• Circumduction
Important relation
• Anteriorly : iliopsoas , pectineus, and rectus femoris muscle
• Posteriorly : obturator internus , gemelli and quadratus femoris muscle
• Superiorly : piriformis and gluteus minimums.
• Inferiorly : obturator externus tendon .
 knee joint :
Articulation :formed by two condylar joints between medial and lateral rounded
condyles of femur above; and corresponding condyles of tibia( clinically tibial
plateaus) below , with their cartilaginous menisci and gliding joint between
patella and patellar surface of femur . The joint between femur and tibia is a
synovial hinge joint, and between patella and patellar surface synovial plane
gliding joint .
Capsule
• The capsule attached to the margins of articular surface and
surrounded the sides and posterior aspect of the joint . absent in front
of joint , permitting the synovial joint membrane to pouch upward
beneath the quadriceps tendon to form suprapatellar bursa. On each
side of patella, the capsule is strengthened by tendon of vastus lateralis
and medialis .
 ligaments :
Extracapsular ligament
 lagamentum patellae
 Lateral and medial collateral ligament
 Oblique popliteal ligament
 Intracapsular ligaments
• Anterior cruciate ligament
• Posterior cruciate ligament
• Menisci
Bursa of knee joint: anterior bursa
• Subpatellar bursa
• Prepatellar bursa
• Superficial infrapatellar bursa
• Deep infrapatellar bursa
• Posterior bursa:
• Ppopliteal bursa
• Semimembranosus bursa
Movement of knee joint
• Flexion
• Extension
• Medial rotation
• Lateral rotation
•Important relation :
 Anteriorly : Prepatellar bursa
Posteriorly : popliteal vessels , tibial and common peroneal nerves;
lymph nodes ; and the muscle that form the boundaries of popliteal fossa.
Medially : sartorius ,gracilis , and semitendinosus muscle .
Laterally : Biceps femoris and common peroneal nerve .
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
• Articulation : is between lateral condyle of the tibia and head of
fibula .synovial plane gliding joint .
• Ligament
• Anterior and posterior ligaments
• Interosseous membrane
• Movement :
• A small amount of gliding movement during ankle joint movement .
Distal Tibiofibular Joint
Articulation : is between fibular notch of tibia and lower end
of fibula .is fibrous joint.no capsule .
Ligaments:
Interosseous ligament
Anterior and posterior ligament
Inferior transverse ligament
Movements :
Small amount movement during movement of ankle joint .
Ankle joints
• Articulation : is between lower end of the tibia and fibula ( two
malleoli ) and body of the talus . Synovial hinge like manner .
• Ligament :
• Medial or deltoid ligament
• Lateral ligament
• Anterior talofibular ligament
• Calcaneofibular ligament
• posterior talofibular ligament
• Movement :
• dorsiflexion
• Planter flexion
• Important relation :
• Anteriorly : the tibialis anterior , extensor hallucis longus , anterior tibial
vessels , deep peroneal nerve , extensor digitorum longus and peroneus
tertius .
• Posteriorly : tendo calcaneus and plantaris.
• Posterolaterally ( behind lateral malleolus ) peroneus longus and Previs.
• Postermedialy : (behind medial malleolus ) tibialis posterior , flexor
dgitorum longus ,posterior tibial vessels , tibial nerve and flexor hallucis
longus .
•
Joints of foot and Toes
• Tarsal joints
• Subtalar joints : The subtalar joint is the posterior between then
inferior surface of body of talus and facet on middle of upper surface of
calcaneum .synovial plane joint.
• Ligaments :
• Medial and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments
• Interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments
• Movement
• Gliding and rotatory movement are possible
Talocalcaneonavicular joint
• Articulation : between the rounded head of talus and upper surface of
sustentaculum tali and posterior concave surface of navicular bone .
• Ligaments :Planter calcaneonavicular ligament .
• Movement :Gliding and rotatory movement are possible.
• Calcaneocuboid joint :articulation : between anterior end of calcaneum
and posterior end of cuboid .
• Ligaments :
• bifurcated ligament
• Long planter ligament
• Short planter ligament
Movement: inversion and eversion
Cuneonavicular joint: is articulation between navicular
bone and three cuneiform bones
ligament : dorsal and planter ligaments
• Cuboideonavicular joint :
• Ligament : dorsal ,planter and interosseous ligaments.
• intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints
• Tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints
• Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints .
• Ligament : deep transverse ligament connect the joints of five toes
•
Arches of the Foot
• Medial longitudinal arch : this consists of calcaneum ,talus , navicular
three cuneiform bones and first three metatarsal bones . And supported by
planter and dorsal ligament and planter aponeurosis .
• Lateral longitudinal arch : consists of calcaneum, cuboid , fourth and fifth

metatarsal bone .supported by long and short planter and aponeurosis
ligaments.
• Transverse arch : consist of bases of metatarsal bones and cuboid and three
cuneiform bones .supported by deep transverse ligament.

Lab. 7

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Lab. 7

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Joints of

• Lateral longitudinal arch : consists of calcaneum, cuboid , fourth and fifth

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