The Government Sadiq College Women
University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Assignment 1
Programming Fundamentals
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Submitted by: Submitted to:
Qurrat ul Ain Ms. Arfa Maham
Siddiqi
October 31, 2024
Registration no: 2413002594
Understanding Algorithms and Flowcharts
Definition:
An algorithm is a step-by-step process or set of rules for solving a particular problem or
completing a specific task. In programming and computer science, an algorithm is a logical
sequence of actions that are used to accomplish a goal, like sorting a list, finding the shortest path,
or calculating the average of a set of numbers.
Key Components of Flowcharts:
1. Oval (Start/End) - Indicates the starting or ending point of the process.
2. Rectangle (Process) - Shows an action or operation, such as calculations.
3. Diamond (Decision) - Represents a decision point, typically a yes/no or true/false
question.
4. Arrow - Shows the direction of flow from one step to the next.
5. Parallelogram (Input/Output) - Denotes input to and output from a process.
Why Algorithms and Flowcharts are Important?
Problem Solving: Algorithms provide a structured approach to problem-solving,
ensuring that each step is clearly defined.
Efficiency: Writing out an algorithm helps you identify the most efficient way to
complete a task.
Communication: Flowcharts make it easier to explain processes to others because they
visually break down each step, which is especially useful when collaborating on
projects.
Difference between both:
Examples:
Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Input a number i assigning a value (example: 0).
3. Compare i with a value given by user (let it be 5).
o If i<5, then it will print “*” and hence the process will be forwarded to next step.
o Otherwise, the program ends.
4. Output will be “*”.
5. End.
(It is noted that the given flowchart is according to c language and it’s a loop. The
program won’t end unless i becomes greater than 5).
Flowchart:
Calculate the Sum of the First 50 Numbers:
Algorithm:
1. Declare number N= 0 and sum= 0.
2. Determine N by N= N+1.
3. Calculate the sum by the formula: Sum= N + Sum.
4. Add a loop between steps 2 and 3 until N= 50.
5. Print Sum.
6. End.
