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Case Study of Automatic Room Light Controller

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42 views8 pages

Case Study of Automatic Room Light Controller

Uploaded by

bhaibandhonibethak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NAME: Priyank Vagadiya

En Number: 210130117044
Batch – IC A3

Title: Design of an Automatic Room Light Controller with


Visitor Counter using 8051 Microcontroller
Abstract:
The project involves the development of an Automatic Room Light Controller with a built-in Visitor
Counter using the 8051 microcontroller. The aim is to create an energy-efficient solution for room
lighting by automatically controlling the lights based on the presence of occupants. The visitor
counter functionality adds an additional layer of intelligence to the system, allowing for a more
detailed analysis of room occupancy.

Introduction:
With the increasing emphasis on energy conservation, the need for smart and automated systems
has become crucial. The project focuses on designing a system that not only automatically controls
room lighting based on occupancy but also keeps track of the number of people entering and exiting
the room.

Components Used:
1. 8051 Microcontroller: The heart of the system, responsible for processing the input from sensors
and controlling the output to the lights.

2. Infrared (IR) Sensors: Used to detect the presence of people entering or leaving the room.

3. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): Monitors the ambient light level to prevent unnecessary
activation of lights during daylight.

4. Relay Module: Controls the switching of lights based on the microcontroller's instructions.

5. Seven Segment Display: Displays the count of visitors in real-time.


System Architecture:
The IR sensors are strategically placed at the entrance and exit points of the room. When a person
enters or leaves, the corresponding sensor detects the infrared radiation and triggers the
microcontroller. The microcontroller processes this information along with the ambient light data
from the LDR to decide whether to turn on or off the lights.

The visitor count is updated in real-time on the seven-segment display. The count increases when
someone enters and decreases when someone exits.

Circuit Diagram :
Code :

#include<reg51.h>
#define lcd P1
sbit rs=P3^6;
sbit e=P3^7;
sbit led=P0^0;
sbit s1=P2^0;
sbit s2=P2^1;
void delay (int);
void cmd (char);
void display (char);
void init (void);
void string (char *);
void view (int);
int count=0;
int no[10]={48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57};
void delay (int d)
{
unsigned char i=0;
for(;d>0;d--)
{
for(i=250;i>0;i--);
for(i=248;i>0;i--);
}
}
void cmd (char c) //Writing Commands on LCD
{
lcd=c;
rs=0; //Selects command register
e=1; //Enable information on LCD datalines
delay(5);
e=0;
}
void display (char c)
{
lcd=c;
rs=1; //Selects data register
e=1; //Enable information on LCD datalines
delay(5);
e=0;
}
void string (char *p) //Function to display a string
{
while(*p)
{
display(*p++);
}
}
void view (int n)
{
cmd(0xc0); // Force cursor to beginning of second line
//Separates 2-digit number and displays
display(no[(n/10)%10]);
display(no[n%10]);
}
void init (void)
{
cmd(0x38); //2 lines and 5x7 Matrix
cmd(0x0c); //Display On, Cursor Off
cmd(0x01); //Clear display screen
cmd(0x80); //Force cursor to beginning of first line
}

void Ext_int_Init()
{
EA = 1; // Enable global interrupt
EX0 = 1; // Enable Ext. interrupt0
IT0 = 1; // Select Ext. interrupt0 on falling edge
}
void External0_ISR() interrupt 0
{
count=0;
string("light off");
led=1;
delay(100);
view(count);
}

void main()
{
led=0; //Declaring output pin
init(); //Initializing LCD
Ext_int_Init(); //Initializing Interrupts
string("People in room");
cmd(0xc0); //Forcing cursor to beginning of second line

view(count);

while(1)
{
if(s1==1) //IR sensor 1 detects person entering
{
while(s2==0); //Waiting for IR sensor 2 to detect
person
count=count+1; //Incrementing counter
while(s2==1); //Waiting for person to fully enter
room
view(count); //Displaying updated count
}
else if(s2==1) //IR sensor 2 detects person leaving room
{
while(s1==0); //Waiting for IR sensor 1 to detect
person
if(count!=0)
count=count-1; //Decrementing counter
while(s1==1); //Waiting for person to fully leave
room
view(count); //Displaying updated count
}
else if(count>=1) //Light turned on if people in room
led=0;
else if(count==0) //Light turned off if no one in room
led=1;

}
}
Operational Overview:

1. Initialization:

- The system initializes by setting the initial visitor count to zero.

- The microcontroller continuously monitors the IR sensors and the LDR.

2. Visitor Detection:

- When a person enters the room, the respective IR sensor triggers the microcontroller.

- The microcontroller increments the visitor count and updates the seven-segment display.

3. Light Control:

- The microcontroller checks the ambient light level using the LDR.

- If it's dark, indicating the need for artificial lighting, and if the room is occupied (visitor count > 0),
the microcontroller activates the relay to turn on the lights.

- The lights remain on as long as the room is occupied.

4. Visitor Exit:

- When a person leaves the room, the corresponding IR sensor triggers the microcontroller.

- The microcontroller decrements the visitor count and updates the display.

5. Automatic Light Deactivation:

- If the ambient light level increases (indicating daylight) or the room becomes unoccupied (visitor
count = 0), the microcontroller deactivates the lights through the relay.

Conclusion:

The implemented Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter provides an energy-efficient
and intelligent solution for room lighting. By integrating IR sensors, an LDR, and the 8051
microcontroller, the system not only automates light control based on occupancy but also offers real-
time visitor count information. This project demonstrates the potential for smart technologies in
enhancing energy efficiency and user convenience.

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