ELA Final Exam Study Guide

Allegory A more or less symbolic fictional narrative that conveys a

secondary meaning (or meanings) not explicitly set forth in the
literal narrative. Parables, myths, and fables are all considered
types of allegories.

Alliteration literary device that involves two or more words that appear close
together and have the same initial stressed consonant syllable.
“Good grief” and “red rose” are two examples.

Allusion an expression designed to call something to mind without

mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

Assimilation a process where sounds in separate words change when they

are put together in speech.

Assonance In poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in

non rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the
echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence, reticence ).

Conflict (4 types) Person Vs. Person is a classic conflict between 2 people. For
example, Iron Man vs. Captain America in the movie civil war.
Person Vs. Nature is when a person has to fight nature and try to
survive. For example if the person gets lost in the jungle, they will
have to find there way out with conflicts aganist animals and
more. Person Vs. Self is when the main character is fighting
themself. For example, if someone didn;t have legs but they
needed their legs for sports. Person Vs. Society is when a person
goes up aganist the entire society. For example, the lottery.

Connotation Use of a word to suggest a different association than its literal

meaning, which is known as denotation. For example, blue is a
color, but it is also a word used to describe a feeling of sadness,
as in: “She's feeling blue.”

Consonance repetition of identical or similar consonants in neighboring words

whose vowel sounds are different.

Denotation the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings

or ideas that the word suggests.

Dialect Form of a language spoken by a smaller group. Someone's

accent is a part of their dialect. In this way, sometimes someone's
accent can show where they are from. Some examples of dialects
include Standard dialect, southern American dialect, African
American Vernacular English, and Appalachian dialect.
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Dichotomy contrast between two things. When there are two ideas,
especially two opposed ideas like war and peace, or love and
hate you have a dichotomy.

Dynamic one who learns a lesson or changes as a person (either for better
Character or for worse). Most main characters and major characters in
stories are dynamic.

Epic (Poem) a lengthy, narrative work of poetry. These long poems typically
detail extraordinary feats and adventures of characters from a
distant past. The word “epic” comes from the ancient Greek term
“epos,” which means “story, word, poem.”

Epic Similie Unlike a regular simile, which compares two things in a simple,
brief manner, an epic simile extends over several lines, or even
stanzas, to paint a more vivid picture. Detail: An epic simile
doesn't just compare two things;

Epiphany any moment when a character has a moment of realization.

Typically, this term is reserved for significant moments of
revelation whereby a character undergoes personal development
or experiences a moment of transcendence.

End-Stopped a metrical line containing a complete phrase or sentence, or a

Lines poetic line ending with punctuation in poems

Enjambed Lines A poetic term for the continuation of a sentence or phrase from
one line of poetry to the next.

Fable A short story meant primarily for children whose main purpose is
to advance a moral or a lesson. Examples include ''The Tortoise
and the Hare'' and ''The Country Mouse and the City Mouse.

Foil a foil is a character who contrasts with another character,

typically, a character who contrasts with the protagonist, in order
to better highlight or differentiate certain qualities of the
protagonist. A foil to the protagonist may also be the antagonist of
the plot.

Foreshadowing a literary device that alludes to a later point in the story. For
example, if a character mentions offhandedly that bad things
always happen to them in autumn, then the observant reader will
be alert when the leaves in the story begin to fall.

In Medias Res It refers to a story that begins partway through its plot, with the
missing events filled in later through dialogue, flashbacks, or
other techniques.
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Irony Verbal: Whenever a person says something or does something

that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.
Situational: What appears and What is
Dramatic: When the audience knows more than the characters

Juxtaposition An act or instance, of placing two elements close together or side

by side. This is often done in order to compare/contrast the two,
to show similarities or differences, etc.

Metaphor A metaphor is a rhetorical device used to compare two things

without like or as.

Meter the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse

Motif a repeated pattern—an image, sound, word, or symbol that

comes back again and again within a particular story. (I have a
bad feeling about this in every stars wars movie)

Persona Narrative of a poem. Usually not the poet

Personification attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to

something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality
in human form.

Plot sequence of events in which each event affects the next one
through the principle of cause-and-effect.

POV First-person, second-person, third-person omniscient perspective

is everyone’s thoughts, third-person limited the POV that uses a
narrator with access to only one character's perspective, a limited
perspective., third-person objective is no ones perspective

Rhyme Pure rhyme is a pair of words that sound identical from the last
stressed syllable to the end of the word (dime, time, back, rack,
fat, bat). Slant rhyme is a type of rhyme formed by words with
similar but not identical sounds (worm, swarm).

SDE

Satire the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and

criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of
contemporary politics and other topical issues.

Signal Phrase a short introduction phrase that indicates that a quote or

paraphrase is coming

Similie A simile is a rhetorical device used to compare two things

(typically using the words “like,” “as,” or “than”). Many common
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expressions are similes, including: “as quiet as a mouse,” “as

strong as an ox,” and “as fit as a fiddle.”

Static Character is one that doesn't change from the start of the story through to
the end. Although they may go on a fantastic adventure, their
personality, situation and physical appearance will remain the
same.

Symbolism the use of words or images to symbolize specific concepts,

people, objects, or event

Theme the message woven throughout it, often about important topics
such as human nature, life, or society

Theory of suggests that we cannot see or detect most of a situation's data.

omission

Recumbent leaning; resting

Bindle A bundle, usually of bedding and other possessions, carried by a

hobo

Morosely sullen and gloomy; brooding; sad

Mollified soothed; appeased; assuged

Pugnacious having a hostile, aggressive nature; combative

Brusquely Quickly; Abruptly, Somewhat rudely

Hoosegow jail/prison

Raptly feeling great delight and interest

Aloof reserved; emotionally detached

Appraised evaluated; judged

Jeering making rude and mocking remarks, typically in a loud voice.

Sullenly in a way that shows irritation, ill humor, or gloom; morosely: In the
next room, an embittered, lonely man sits sullenly.

Earnestly serious manner : not lightly, casually, or flippantly

Complacently in a self-satisfied manner

Discontent a hoping for something better than the present situation, not
satisfied
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Sniveled To cry with sniffles

Gingham a cotton fabric, or cotton blend fabric, made with dyed yarn
woven using a plain weave to form a checked pattern.

Belligerently in a way that shows a wish to fight or argue

indictment an accusation of wrongdoing

permeated to spread through something and be present in every part of it

doggedly in a very determined way

furtively done in a quiet and secretive way to avoid being noticed

bastion something that keeps or defends a belief or a way of life that is

disappearing or threatened

quizzical

facetiousness joking around, or treating serious subjects in a humorous way

Benevolent Characterized as well meaning and kindly

Phosphorescence Light emitted by a substance without combustion

Myriad A large countless number

Annulled Declare wrong/invalid/abolish

Undulation Moving smoothly up and down. Wave like

Burnished Polished by rubbing

Placid Not easily upset/peaceful

Interminable Endless/unending