Ig15 Shoe Bracket For Top

Project: CW19 Design connection
Project no:
Author: Suhana navas
Project data
Project name CW19 Design connection
Project number
Author Suhana navas
Description
Date 10/23/2024
Design code AISC 360-16
Material
Steel Aluminium
Concrete 4000 psi
1 / 19
Project no:
Project item CON1
Design
Name CON1
Description
Analysis Stress, strain/ simplified loading
Design code AISC - LRFD 2016
Beams and columns

β – Direction γ - Pitch α - Rotation Offset ex Offset ey Offset ez
Name Cross-section Forces in
[°] [°] [°] [mm] [mm] [mm]
M1 1 - box(RHS113x50) 0.0 90.0 -90.0 0 0 0 Node
2 / 19
Project no:
Cross-sections
Name Material
1 - box(RHS113x50) Aluminium
Anchors / Bolts
Diameter fu Gross area
Name Bolt assembly
[mm] [MPa] [mm2]
SS M10 SS M10 10 830.0 113
Load effects (equilibrium not required)

N Vy Vz Mx My Mz
Name Member
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
LE1 M1 -1.2 -2.6 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
LE2 M1 -0.7 -3.3 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Foundation block
Item Value Unit
CB 1
Dimensions 550 x 513 mm
Depth 600 mm
Anchor SS M10
Anchoring length 90 mm
Shear force transfer Anchors
3 / 19
Project no:
Check
Summary
Name Value Check status
Analysis 100.0% OK
Plates 0.0 < 5.0% OK
Bolts 1.6 < 100% OK
Anchors 33.5 < 100% OK
Welds 5.9 < 100% OK
Concrete block 0.4 < 100% OK
Buckling Not calculated
Plates
fy Thickness σEd εPl σcEd
Name Loads Check status
[MPa] [mm] [MPa] [%] [MPa]
M1 240.0 2.2 LE1 171.5 0.0 0.0 OK
BP1 240.0 6.0 LE1 61.6 0.0 0.0 OK
SP1 240.0 6.0 LE2 3.6 0.0 0.0 OK
SP2 240.0 6.0 LE2 3.5 0.0 0.0 OK
Design data
fy εlim
Material
[MPa] [%]
Aluminium 240.0 5.0
Symbol explanation
εPl Plastic strain
σcEd Contact stress
σEd Eq. stress
fy Yield strength
εlim Limit of plastic strain
4 / 19
Project no:
Overall check, LE1
Strain check, LE1
5 / 19
Project no:
Equivalent stress, LE1
Bolts
Ft V ϕRn,bearing Utt Uts Utts
Shape Item Grade Loads Status
[kN] [kN] [kN] [%] [%] [%]
B5 SS M10 - 1 LE1 0.0 0.2 10.2 0.0 1.6 - OK
Design data
ϕRn,tension ϕRn,shear
Grade
[kN] [kN]
SS M10 - 1 52.8 31.7
Bolts: B5 There is a gap between connected plates. Bolts should be designed as pins. Provided resistances of bolts in shear and
plates in bearing may be incorrect
Symbol explanation
Ft Tension force
V Resultant of shear forces Vy, Vz in bolt
ϕRn,bearing Bolt bearing resistance
Utt Utilization in tension
Uts Utilization in shear
Utts Utilization in tension and shear
ϕRn,tension Bolt tension resistance AISC 360-16 J3.6
ϕRn,shear Bolt shear resistance AISC 360-16 – J3.8
6 / 19
Project no:
Anchors
Nf V ϕNcbg ϕVcbg ϕVcp Utt Uts Utts
Shape Item Loads Status
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [%] [%] [%]
A2 LE1 0.0 4.2 - 25.3 79.9 0.0 33.5 16.2 OK
A3 LE1 0.1 4.3 38.1 25.3 79.9 0.3 33.5 16.2 OK
Design data
ϕNsa ϕVsa
Grade
[kN] [kN]
SS M10 - 2 49.0 27.3
Bolts: B5 There is a gap between connected plates. Bolts should be designed as pins. Provided resistances of bolts in shear and
plates in bearing may be incorrect
Symbol explanation
Nf Tension force
V Resultant of shear forces Vy, Vz in bolt
ϕNcbg Concrete breakout strength in tension – ACI 318-14 – 17.4.2
ϕVcbg Concrete breakout strength in shear – ACI 318-14 – 17.5.2
ϕVcp Concrete pryout strength in shear – ACI 318-14 – 17.5.3
Utt Utilization in tension
Uts Utilization in shear
Utts Utilization in tension and shear
ϕNsa Steel strength of anchor in tension - ACI 318-14 – 17.4.1
ϕVsa Steel strength of anchor in shear - ACI 318-14 – 17.5.1
7 / 19
Project no:
Weld sections
Th Ls L Lc Fn ϕRn Ut
Item Edge Xu Loads Status
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kN] [kN] [%]
BP1 M1-w 1 E70xx - - 44 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 1 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 2 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 3 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-w 2 E70xx - - 107 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 4 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 5 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 6 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-w 3 E70xx - - 44 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 7 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 8 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 9 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-w 4 E70xx - - 107 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 10 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 11 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 M1-arc 12 E70xx - - 1 - - - - - OK
BP1 SP2 E70xx ◢1.6 ◢2.2 109 10 LE2 0.3 4.7 5.5 OK
BP1 SP1 E70xx ◢1.6 ◢2.2 109 10 LE2 0.3 4.6 5.9 OK
Symbol explanation
Th Throat thickness of weld
Ls Leg size of weld
L Length of weld
Lc Length of weld critical element
Fn Force in weld critical element
ϕRn Weld resistance AISC 360-16 J2.4
Ut Utilization
Concrete block
A1 A2 σ Ut
Item Loads Status
[mm2] [mm2] [MPa] [%]
CB 1 LE1 9856 230228 0.1 0.4 OK
Symbol explanation
A1 Loaded area
A2 Supporting area
σ Average stress in concrete
Ut Utilization
Buckling
Buckling analysis was not calculated.
8 / 19
Project no:
Cost estimation
Steel
Total weight Unit cost Cost
Steel grade
[kg] [US$/kg] [US$]
Aluminium 2.29 2.50 5.73
Bolts
Total weight Unit cost Cost
Bolt assembly
[kg] [US$/kg] [US$]
SS M10 0.20 6.00 1.17
Welds
Throat thickness Leg size Plate thickness Total weight Unit cost Cost
Weld type
[mm] [mm] [mm] [kg] [US$/kg] [US$]
Fillet rear 1.6 2.2 - 0.00 45.00 0.19
Bevel - - 2.2 0.01 60.00 0.43
Hole drilling
Bolt assembly cost Percentage of bolt assembly cost Cost
[US$] [%] [US$]
1.17 30.0 0.35
Cost summary
Cost
Cost estimation summary
[US$]
Total estimated cost 7.87
9 / 19
Project no:
Bill of material
Manufacturing operations
Plates Welds Length
Name Shape Nr. Bolts Nr.
[mm] [mm] [mm]
BP1 P6.0x150.0-113.0 (Aluminium) 1 Butt: a = 2.2 313.4 SS M10 2
SP1 P6.0x110.0-144.0 (Aluminium) 1 SS M10 1
SP2 P6.0x110.0-144.0 (Aluminium) 1 SS M10 1
Welds
Throat thickness Leg size Length
Type Material
[mm] [mm] [mm]
Butt E70xx - - 313.4
Fillet E70xx 1.6 2.2 110.0
Fillet E70xx 1.6 2.2 110.0
Anchors
Length Drill length
Name Count
[mm] [mm]
SS M10 96 90 2
Bolts
Grip length
Name Count
[mm]
SS M10 50 1
Drawing
BP1
10 / 19
Project no:
P6.0x113-150 (Aluminium)
SP1
11 / 19
Project no:
SP2
M1, box(RHS113x50) - Web 2:
12 / 19
Project no:
M1, box(RHS113x50) - Web 4:
Code settings
Item Value Unit Reference
Friction coefficient - concrete 0.40 - ACI 349 – B.6.1.4
Friction coefficient in slip-resistance 0.30 - AISC 360-16 J3.8
Limit plastic strain 0.05 -
Plastic
Weld stress evaluation
redistribution
Detailing No
Distance between bolts [d] 2.66 - AISC 360-16 – J3.3
Distance between bolts and edge [d] 1.25 - AISC 360-16 – J.3.4
Concrete breakout resistance check Both
Base metal capacity check at weld fusion
No AISC 360-16: J2-2
face
Cracked concrete Yes ACI 318-14 – Chapter 17
Local deformation check No
Local deformation limit 0.03 - CIDECT DG 1, 3 - 1.1
Analysis with large deformations for hollow section
Geometrical nonlinearity (GMNA) Yes
joints
13 / 19
Project no:
Theoretical Background
CBFEM versus AISC 360
The weak point of standard design method is in analyzing of internal forces and stress in a joint. CBFEM replaces specific analysis
of internal forces in joint with general FEA.
Check methods of specific components like bolts or welds are done according to standard AISC 360.
For the fasteners – bolts and welds – special FEM components had to be developed to model the welds and bolts behaviour in the
connection. All parts of 1D members and all additional plates are modeled as plate/walls. These elements are made of steel (metal
in general) and the behaviour of this material is significantly nonlinear.
The real stress-strain diagram of steel is replaced by the ideal plastic material for design purposes in building practice. The
advantage of ideal plastic material is, that only yield strength and modulus of elasticity must be known to describe the material
curve. The yield strength is multiplied by resistance factor (LRFD) or divided by safety factor (ASD) – AISC 360, Appendix 1. The
granted ductility of construction steel is 15 %. The real usable value of limit plastic strain is 5% for ordinary design (EN 1993-1-5
appendix C paragraph C.8 note 1).
The stress in steel cannot exceed the yield strength when using the ideal elastic-plastic stress-strain diagram.
Real tension curve and the ideal elastic-plastic diagram of material
CBFEM method aims to model the real state precisely. Meshes of plates / walls are not merged, no intersections are generated
between them, unlike it is used to when modeling structures and buildings. Mesh of finite elements is generated on each individual
plate independently on mesh of other plates.
Between the meshes, special massless force interpolation constraints are added. They ensure the connection between the edge of
one plate and the surface or edge of the other plate.
This unique calculation model provides very good results – both for the point of view of precision and of the analysis speed. The
method is protected by patent.
The steel base plate is placed loosely on the concrete foundation. It is a contact element in the analysis model – the connection
resists compression fully, but does not resist tension.
14 / 19
Project no:
Stress-strain diagram of contact between the concrete block and the base plate
The concrete block in CBFEM is modeled using Winkler-Pasternak subsoil model. The stiffness of subsoil is determined using
modulus of elasticity of concrete and effective height of subsoil. The concrete block is not designed by CBFEM method.
Welds are modeled using a special elastoplastic element, which is added to the interpolation links between the plates. The element
respects the weld throat thickness, position and orientation. The plasticity state is controlled by stresses in the weld throat section.
The plastic redistribution of stress in welds allows for stress peaks to be redistributed along the longer part of the weld.
Bolted connection consists of two or more clasped plates and one or more bolts. Plates are placed loosely on each other.
A contact element is inserted between plates in the analysis model, which acts only in compression. No forces are carried in
tension.
Shear force is taken by bearing. Special model for its transferring in the force direction only is implemented. IDEA StatiCa
Connection can check bolts for interaction of shear and tension. The bolt behavior is implemented according to the following picture.
Bolt – tension
Symbols explanation:
K – linear stiffness of bolt,

Kp – stiffness of bolt at plastic branch,
Flt – limit force for linear behaviour of bolt,
Ft,Rd – limit bolt resistance,
ul – limit deformation of bolt.
15 / 19
Project no:
Bolt – interaction of shear and tension
Loads
End forces of member of the frame analysis model are transferred to the ends of member segments. Eccentricities of members
caused by the joint design are respected during load transfer.
The analysis model created by CBFEM method corresponds to the real joint very precisely, whereas the analysis of internal forces
is performed on very idealised 3D FEM bar model, where individual beams are modeled using centrelines and the joints are
modeled using immaterial nodes.
Joint of a vertical column and a horizontal beam
Internal forces are analysed using 1D members in 3D model. There is an example of courses of internal forces in the following
picture.
16 / 19
Project no:
Internal forces in horizontal beam. M and V are the end forces at joint.
The effects caused by member on the joint are important to design the connection. The effects are illustrated in the following
picture.
Effects of the member on the joint. CBFEM model is drawn in dark blue color.
Moment M and shear force V act in a theoretical joint. The point of theoretical joint does not exist in CBFEM model, thus the load
cannot be applied here. The model must be loaded by actions M and V, which have to be transferred to the end of segment in the
distance r.
Mc = M − V · r
Vc = V
In CBFEM model, the end section of segment is loaded by moment Mc and force Vc.
Welds
Fillet welds
The design strength, ϕRn and the allowable strength, Rn/Ω of welded joints are evaluated in connection weld check.
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
Available strength of welded joints is evaluated according to AISC 360 – J2.4:
Rn = FnwAwe
Fnw = 0.60 FEXX (1.0 + 0.50 sin1.5Θ)
where
F nw – nominal stress of weld material,

A we – effective area of the weld,
F EXX – electrode classification number, i.e., minimum specified tensile strength,
17 / 19
Project no:
Θ – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis.
For long welds and welding to unstiffened flanges or webs of rectangular hollow sections, the weld material model is fine-tuned so
that no reduction factor is necessary. The weld resistance is governed by most stressed weld element.
CJP groove welds

AISC Specification Table J2.5 identifies four loading conditions that might be associated with JP groove welds, and shows that the
strength of the joint is either controlled by the base metal or that the loads need not be considered in the design of the welds
connecting the parts. Accordingly, when CJP groove welds are made with matching-strength filler metal, the strength of a
connection is governed or controlled by the base metal, and no checks on the weld strength are required.
Bolts
Tensile and shear strength of bolts
The design tensile or shear strength, ϕRn, and the allowable tensile or shear strength, Rn / Ω of a snug-tightened bolt is determined
according to the limit states of tension rupture and shear rupture as follows:
Rn = FnAb
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
where
A b – nominal unthreaded body area of bolt or threaded part,

F n – nominal tensile stress, Fnt, or shear stress, Fnv, from Table J3.2.
The tensile force, against which the required tensile strength is checked, includes any tension resulting from prying action produced
by deformation of the connected parts.
Combined Tension and shear in bearing type connection

The available tensile strength of a bolt subjected to combined tension and shear is determined according to the limit states of
tension and shear rupture as follows:
Rn = F'ntAb (AISC 360 J3-2)
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
F'nt = 1.3 Fnt − frvFnt / ϕFnv (AISC 360 J3-3a LRFD)
F'nt = 1.3 Fnt − frvΩ Fnt / Fnv (AISC 360 J3-3b ASD)
where
F' nt – nominal tensile stress modified to include the effects of shear stress,
F nt – nominal tensile stress from AISC 360 – Tab. J3.2,
F nv – nominal shear stress from AISC 360 – Tab. J3.2,
f rv – required shear stress using LRFD or ASD load combinations. The available shear stress of the fastener shall be equal
or exceed the required shear stress, frv.
Bearing strength in bolt holes

The available bearing strength, ϕRn and Rn/Ω at bolt holes is determined for the limit state of bearing as follows:
For a bolt in a connection with standard holes:
Rn = 1.2 lctFu ≤ 2.4 d t Fu (AISC 360 J3-6a, c)
For a bolt in a connection with slotted holes:
Rn = 1.0 lct Fu ≤ 2.0 d t Fu (AISC 360 J3-6e, f)
ϕ = 0.75 (LRFD)
Ω = 2.00 (ASD)
where
18 / 19
Project no:
F u – specified minimum tensile strength of the connected material,

d – nominal bolt diameter,
l c – clear distance, in the direction of the force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the adjacent hole or edge of
the material,
t – thickness of connected material.
Preloaded bolts
The design slip resistance of a preloaded class A325 or A490 bolt with of effect of tensile force, Ft,Ed according to AISC 360 – J3.9.
Preloading force to be used AISC 360 – Tab. J3.1.
Tb = 0.7 fubAs
Design slip resistance per bolt AISC 360 – J3.8
Rn = 1.13 μ TbNs
Utilisation in shear [%]:
Uts = V / Rn
where
A s – tensile stress area of the bolt,

f ub – ultimate tensile strength,
μ – mean slip factor coefficient,
N s – number of the friction surfaces. Check is calculated for each friction surface separately,
V – shear force.
Anchors
The anchor bolt element is elastic-plastic with significant strain hardening. The maximum steel tensile resistance is expected at the
strain which equals to 0.25 × guaranteed elongation. The failure mode due to concrete cracking may occur before the anchor steel
tensile resistance is reached and is considered as a completely brittle failure.
Similarly, the steel components in shear (anchor bolt, base plate in bearing) are able to yield but failure modes connected with
concrete cracking may occur suddenly as a brittle failure.
All standards use Concrete Capacity Design method developed by prof. R. Eligehausen at University of Stuttgart. The theory is
based on vast experimental and numerical testing mostly on unreinforced concrete blocks and relatively short, often post-installed,
anchors.
Anchorage is designed according to ACI 318-14 – Chapter 17. The design is available only for LRFD. Some failure modes (e.g.
steel resistance) are evaluated for single anchors, others (e.g. concrete breakout) are checked for group of anchors.
19 / 19

Ig15 Shoe Bracket For Top

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ig15 Shoe Bracket For Top

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ig15 Shoe Bracket For Top

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project: CW19 Design connection

Project item CON1

Beams and columns

Load effects (equilibrium not required)

Overall check, LE1

Strain check, LE1

Equivalent stress, LE1

B5 SS M10 - 1 LE1 0.0 0.2 10.2 0.0 1.6 - OK

A2 LE1 0.0 4.2 - 25.3 79.9 0.0 33.5 16.2 OK

A3 LE1 0.1 4.3 38.1 25.3 79.9 0.3 33.5 16.2 OK

BP1 P6.0x150.0-113.0 (Aluminium) 1 Butt: a = 2.2 313.4 SS M10 2

SP1 P6.0x110.0-144.0 (Aluminium) 1 SS M10 1

SP2 P6.0x110.0-144.0 (Aluminium) 1 SS M10 1

M1, box(RHS113x50) - Web 2:

M1, box(RHS113x50) - Web 4:

Real tension curve and the ideal elastic-plastic diagram of material

K – linear stiffness of bolt,

Bolt – interaction of shear and tension

Joint of a vertical column and a horizontal beam

F nw – nominal stress of weld material,

Θ – angle of loading measured from the weld longitudinal axis.

CJP groove welds

A b – nominal unthreaded body area of bolt or threaded part,

Combined Tension and shear in bearing type connection

Bearing strength in bolt holes

F u – specified minimum tensile strength of the connected material,

A s – tensile stress area of the bolt,

You might also like