Systems: Batteries and Fuel Cells Energy storage systems are crucial for a sustainable energy future, ensuring reliable power supply and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This presentation explores two key technologies: batteries and fuel cells.
SS by Shobhit Shrivastava Introduction to Energy Storage Energy storage is the process of capturing energy from sources like solar or wind and storing it for later use. This allows for the efficient use of intermittent renewable energy sources, ensuring a steady supply of power.
1 Grid-Scale Storage 2 Residential Storage
Large-scale systems for Systems for homes, enabling utilities, smoothing out self-sufficiency and reducing fluctuations in energy reliance on the grid. production and demand.
3 Transportation 4 Portable Storage
Storage Devices like cell phones and Powering electric vehicles, laptops, enabling convenient contributing to clean use of energy on the go. transportation and reducing emissions. Batteries: Principles and Types Batteries store energy through chemical reactions, converting chemical energy into electrical energy. There are various types of batteries, each with its unique characteristics and applications.
Mature technology, cost-effective, good High energy density, long lifespan, Large-scale energy storage systems for for stationary applications. Used in cars, popular for portable devices, electric grids, providing long duration storage UPS systems, and grid-scale storage. vehicles, and renewable energy storage. and high power capacity. Lithium-Ion Batteries Lithium-ion batteries utilize lithium ions to store and release energy. They are lightweight, have a high energy density, and offer long cycle life.
Cathode Anode Electrolyte
Lithium metal oxide Graphite Lithium salt solution
Lead-Acid Batteries Lead-acid batteries use lead plates immersed in an electrolyte solution to store energy. They are relatively inexpensive and durable, but have lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries.
Discharge 1 Lead reacts with sulfuric acid, releasing electrons and producing lead sulfate.
Charge 2 External current reverses the chemical process, converting lead sulfate back to lead and sulfuric acid. Fuel Cells: Principles and Types Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electricity through electrochemical reactions, utilizing hydrogen or other fuels as the energy source.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Utilize hydrogen as fuel, producing electricity and water as byproducts.
Methanol Fuel Cells
Employ methanol as fuel, offering higher energy density and storage capacity.
Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
Use solid carbon as fuel, enabling efficient energy conversion from various sources. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells PEM fuel cells utilize a proton exchange membrane to separate hydrogen and oxygen, facilitating the electrochemical reaction and generating electricity.
1 Hydrogen Supplied Hydrogen gas enters the fuel cell and is split into protons and electrons.
2 Protons Migrate Protons move through the membrane to the cathode, while electrons flow through an external circuit.
3 Oxygen Reacts Oxygen reacts with protons and electrons at the cathode, producing water as a byproduct. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFCs employ a solid ceramic electrolyte that conducts oxygen ions at high temperatures, enabling efficient energy conversion from various fuels.
High Efficiency Fuel Flexibility
SOFCs achieve higher energy They can utilize a range of fuels, conversion efficiency compared including hydrogen, methane, to other fuel cell types. and biogas.
Heat Recovery The high operating temperature allows for efficient heat recovery, increasing overall energy efficiency. Advantages and Disadvantages of Batteries and Fuel Cells Both batteries and fuel cells offer unique advantages and disadvantages, influencing their suitability for different applications.
Technology Advantages Disadvantages
Batteries High energy density, Limited power
long cycle life, output, established environmental technology. concerns with disposal.
Fuel Cells High efficiency, zero High cost, hydrogen
emissions, fuel infrastructure flexibility. limitations, complex operation. Future Trends in Energy Storage The energy storage landscape is constantly evolving, with advancements in battery chemistries, fuel cell materials, and innovative storage solutions.
Flow Battery Advancements Solid-State Battery Development
Improvements in flow battery technologies are leading to Solid-state batteries offer enhanced safety and energy density, increased storage capacity and reduced costs. potentially revolutionizing electric vehicle technology.
