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    Y8 Maths - Chapter 2 - 2D and 3D Shapes

    Uploaded by

    Nihaal Kaur A/P Mohanjit Singh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Y8 Maths - Chapter 2 - 2D and 3D Shapes

    Uploaded by

    Nihaal Kaur A/P Mohanjit Singh
    13 views33 pages

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    Y8 Maths_Chapter 2_2D and 3D Shapes

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    13 views33 pages

    Y8 Maths - Chapter 2 - 2D and 3D Shapes

    Uploaded by

    Nihaal Kaur A/P Mohanjit Singh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    Chapter 2:

    2D and 3D shapes
    2.1 Quadrilaterals
    2.2 Polygon symmetry
    2.3 3D Shapes
    2.4 Circumference of a circle
    Learning Objectives
    • Identify and describe the hierarchy of quadrilaterals
    • Understand that the number of sides of a regular
    polygon is equal to the number of lines of
    symmetry and the order of rotation.
    • Understand and use Euler’s formula to connect
    number of vertices, faces and edges of 3D shapes.
    2.1 Quadrilaterals
    Quadrilaterals
    • A quadrilateral is a 2-dimensional closed shape with four
    straight sides.
    • All rectangles, squares and rhombi (diamonds) are
    parallelograms.
    • Other quadrilaterals (non-parallelograms) include
    trapeziums, kites and irregular quadrilaterals
    Quadrilaterals

    • A line segment drawn


    from one vertex of a
    quadrilateral to the
    opposite vertex is
    called a diagonal.
    • Diagonals of a
    quadrilateral bisects
    each other if one
    diagonal cuts the other
    exactly in half.
    Properties of quadrilaterals
    Properties of quadrilaterals
    2.2 Polygon Symmetry
    Polygon
    symmetry
    • A polygon is a closed 2D
    shapes that is made up of
    straight lines.
    • A polygon is named after
    its number of sides it has. If
    it has 6 sides, it is called a
    hexagon
    • Polygons that have equal
    sides and angles are
    regular polygons.
    Rotational Symmetry of
    regular polygons

    • A regular hexagon has


    rotational symmetry
    of order six.
    • Through a full turn
    (360°), there are six
    positions where
    reference point A
    would make the shape
    look the same as the
    original.
    Rotational Symmetry of
    regular polygons

    • The regular
    heptagon has
    rotational symmetry
    of order seven.
    • Through a full turn
    (360°), there are
    seven positions
    where reference
    point A would make
    the shape look the
    same as the original.
    Regular Polygons Number Number of lines of Order of rotational
    of sides symmetry symmetry
    Equilateral triangle 3 3 3
    Square 4 4 4
    Pentagon 5 5 5
    Hexagon 6 6 6
    Heptagon 7 7 7
    Octagon 8 8 8
    Nonagon 9 9 9
    Decagon 10 10 10
    Hendecagon 11 11 11
    Dodecagon 12 12 12

    Regular polygons have lines of symmetry and order of rotational


    symmetry equal to the number of sides they have.
    a) Regular hexagon
    b) Regular dodecagon

    a) 5
    b) 14
    c) 8
    2.3 3D Shapes
    3D Shapes

    • 3D shapes have _________, _____________ and ______________


    • A surface can be flat or curved.
    3D Shapes - Pyramid
    3D Shapes - Prism
    V=8 V+F-E=2
    F=6 V + F -2 = E
    E=? 8+6–2=E

    E = 12

    6
    2.4
    Circumference of a
    circle
    Circumference of circle
    • The circumference of a circle is
    given by the formula 𝑪 = 𝝅𝑫
    • A diameter of a circle is twice as
    long as its radius, that is, 𝑫 = 𝟐𝒓.

    • The other way to write the


    formula for the circumference is
    𝑪 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓, where r is the radius of
    a circle.
    Worked example 1
    a) 6.28 cm b) 31.42 cm c) 21.99mm
    a) 25.13 m b) 106.81mm c) 50.27cm
    a) 241.90 km b) 37.70m c) 150.80mm
    4. 110.53cm
    5. 2545cm (nearest cm)

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