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    Experiment 5

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    parthpatil4404

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    Experiment 5

    Uploaded by

    parthpatil4404
    6 views6 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    6 views6 pages

    Experiment 5

    Uploaded by

    parthpatil4404

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 6

    Experiment – 5

    Determination of reactions and fixing moments for a fixed beam without


    and with sinking of support (STR13)

    Aim: To determine the reactions and fixing moments for a fixed beam without and with
    sinking of support.

    Apparatus: The backboard unit set up in the Test Frame, the knife edge and encastre fixing,
    load cell support, digital force meter with leads, the thin flexible beam, a set of weights, a
    weight hanger, and a knife edge hanger.

    Theory:
    A fixed or a built-in beam has both ends rigidly fixed so that the slope at the ends remains
    zero. Such a beam is also called the encastre beam. The fixed ends give rise to fixing
    moments at the supports in addition to the reactions. If perfect end fixing can be achieved,
    built-in beams carry smaller maximum bending moments and have smaller deflections than
    the corresponding simply supported beams with the same loads applied. Therefore, they are
    stronger and stiffer. However, the need for high accuracy in aligning the supports and fixing
    the ends during erection increases the cost. Small subsidence of either support or temperature
    changes can set up large stresses. The end fixings are also normally sensitive to vibrations
    and fluctuations in bending moments.

    Procedure:
    A. Setup:
    i. Place the assembled test frame on a workbench.

    ii. There are two securing nuts in each of the side members of the frame (on the
    inner track). Move them to the rear of the frame in the inner groove and then
    slide all four nuts to about the positions shown in Fig. 1.

    iii. Slide two nuts into position for one of the load cell supports.

    iv. Lift the backboard unit (Fig. 2) into position, secure it with the longer screws
    provided, and level the ends of the unit with the frame. Fit a rigid and sinking
    knife-edge support at the position shown using two screws in the front only.
    Ensure the knife-edge on the support is at its highest position.
    v. Undo the moment arm clamp screw on the backboard unit so the moment
    chuck can turn. Attach the thin, more flexible beam using an M6 screw. Allow
    the opposite end of the beam to rest on the knife-edge support.

    vi. Fine adjust the position of the backboard unit so the beam is visibly horizontal.
    This ensures the backboard and supports are in the correct relative position.

    vii. Put the load cell support onto the test frame and slide it to a suitable position.
    Fix it securely with two screws on the front only. Remove the top clamp plate
    from the load cell leaving the bottom plate in position.

    viii. Leaving the screw loose, using the hole at one end secure the beam to the
    moment chuck on the backboard. Undo the moment arm locking screw to
    allow the beam to rest fully on the load cell. Clamp the beam in the load cell
    evenly and squarely with the two screws and the clamping plate. Tighten the
    chuck screw and finally the moment arm locking screw.

    Fig. 1 Beams in the structure frame assembly


    B. Calibration:

    i. Connect the moment arm to input 1 and the load cell to input 2 on the digital
    force display. Select each reading and use the relevant control to zero the
    readings on the digital force display.

    ii. The equipment is now set up as a fixed beam. The left-hand end is set to
    measure the fixing moment and the right-hand end is set to measure the
    support reaction.

    Fig. 2 Backboard unit of the beams in the structure frame assembly

    C. Loading and Data Recording:

    i. Without sinking of support

    Apply a mass of ‘W’ g to the beam at a distance of ‘A’ mm from the left-hand end.
    Take readings of the moment arm force and support reaction force. Record the
    values in Table 1 and repeat in suitable distance increments across the span of the
    beam (L). Calculate the moment ‘MA’ from the moment arm force. The moment
    arm length is printed on the backboard.

    Table 1: Results for a fixed beam without sinking of support

    Distance, A Load, W Moment arm MA RB Theoretical Theoretical


    (mm) (N) Force (N) (N-m) (N) MA RB (N)
    (N-m)

    ii. With sinking of support

    Loosen the screws in front of the rigid and sinking knife-edge support so that the
    knife-edge sinks to the lowest position. Then, take readings of the moment arm
    force and support reaction force. Record the values in Table 2. Calculate the
    moment ‘MA’ from the moment arm force. The moment arm length is printed on
    the backboard.

    Table 2: Results for a fixed beam with sinking of support

    Elastic modulus of beam cross-section, E (N/mm2) =


    Moment of inertia of beam cross-section, I (mm4) =
    Distance by which the knife-edge sinks, δ (mm) =
    Moment arm Force (N) =
    MA (N-m) =
    RB (N) =
    Theoretical MA(N-m) =
    Theoretical RB (N) =
    Calculations, Results and Graphs:

    i. Without sinking of support

    a) Calculate theoretical values of all the moments and reactions using the
    equations shown in Fig. 3. Enter these values into Table 1. Also, comment on
    the accuracy of the results.

    b) Plot graphs of MA and RB against distance ‘A’ for both the experimental and
    calculated values.

    Fig. 3. Fixed-beam arrangement without sinking of support

    ii. With sinking of support

    a) Calculate theoretical values of all the moments and reactions using the
    equations shown in Fig. 4. Enter these values into Table 2. Also, comment on
    the accuracy of the results.

    b) Plot the bending moment diagram for the beam.

    Fig. 4. Fixed-beam arrangement with sinking of support


    Conclusions:

    Students should try to write on their own.

    Precautions:

    i. Before setting up and using the equipment, always visually inspect all parts (including
    electrical leads) for damage or wear.

    ii. Check electrical connections are correct and secure.

    iii. Check all components are secured correctly and fastenings are sufficiently tight.

    iv. Position the Test Frame safely. Ensure it is on a solid, level surface, steady, and easily
    accessible.

    v. Never load the equipment to loads greater than those stated: 12 N for each load cell,
    or a moment of –0.2 to +0.5 N-m (equivalent to a force reading of –4 N to +10 N on
    the moment arm). Although the load cells are rated to an overload of 50 N, the output
    becomes non-linear above the stated values.

    vi. The beam supplied is relatively thin and flexible and the supports are relatively rigid,
    as is normally assumed in beam theory. The flexibility of the beam is such that the
    error caused by any small movement of the supports is negligible. Therefore, take
    care when using beams of any other material or section that may be more rigid; it may
    cause errors.

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