GLOBALIZATION

Population and Globalization

(Prepared for Class Discussion Purposes in GE 1211 by Prof. M. I. Actub)
 Population
This refers to the total number of individuals living in a
particular area, region, or the world as a whole. It
encompasses various demographic factors such as age,
gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
Population is not static; it undergoes changes due to births,
deaths, and migration.
 Population
Population impacts resource availability, infrastructure
development, social services, and overall quality of life.
Understanding population dynamics helps governments,
policymakers, and organizations plan for the future,
allocate resources effectively, and address issues such as
healthcare, education, and employment.
Complex Relationship Between Human
Population and Globalization
1. Labor Mobility and Migration:

Globalization's expansion of trade, investment, and economic

activities across borders creates new opportunities for labor
mobility. Populations in search of better economic prospects
migrate across countries, leading to demographic shifts in both
sending and receiving nations. These shifts, in turn, impact labor
markets, cultural diversity, and social structures.
loss of talent and expertise
Remittances can alleviate poverty and
improve living standards in sending nations;
also creates dependency on remittances.
 Labor-Market impact
globalization-driven
migration can lead to
competition for jobs and
potentially lower wages
for certain groups of
workers, as well as the
positive effects of a
diverse labor force on
innovation
 Social Structures and Identity

integration of diverse
populations can lead to
debates over national
identity and the potential
for social tension or
discrimination
 Globalization of Education

movement of students
across borders fosters cross-
cultural understanding but
also raises questions about
access to quality education
Migration Policies
policies that nations
implement to regulate
migration, such as work
visas, asylum programs,
and border controls,
and their impact on
both sending and
receiving nations
2. Cultural Exchange and Identity:

Globalization exposes populations to diverse cultures, values, and

practices from around the world. This exposure can lead to the
enrichment of cultural experiences and the blending of traditions.
However, it can also raise concerns about the erosion of cultural
identity and the homogenization of cultures.
fusion of culinary Cultural Fusion in Food
traditions, with menu
items adapted to local
tastes (e.g.,
McSpaghetti in the
Philippines) while also
raising concerns about
the spread of
unhealthy eating
habits
 Film and Entertainment

dominance of
Hollywood aesthetics
and storytelling,
potentially
overshadowing local
film industries
 Tourism and Cultural Tourism

tourism can boost

economies and promote
cultural exchange, but
also investigate concerns
about overtourism and
the commodification of
cultural experience
 Religious Influence
religious movements
can gain global
followings and raise
questions about the
preservation of
indigenous beliefs and
practices
3. Urbanization and Economic Hubs:

Globalization often concentrates economic activities in urban

centers, leading to increased urbanization as populations migrate in
search of jobs and opportunities. Urbanization, in turn, impacts
population density, infrastructure demands, and the quality of
urban life.
 China's Rapid Urbanization
cities like Shanghai and
Shenzhen have transformed
into global economic hubs, but
also examine the challenges of
managing such rapid
urbanization, including
housing shortages and
environmental pollution
China's competition for living space - DW Documentary, Oct. 2021
China’s ghost cities?
Inside China's ghost cities – By 60 Minutes Australia, Oct. 2019
 Dubai's Economic Boom
globalization has fueled
Dubai's urban expansion,
leading to impressive
infrastructure development
and a booming real estate
market, while also
examining issues of migrant
labor conditions and
cultural tensions
The Ugly Consequence of Urbanization and Dense Population
 Silicon Valley, USA

globalization has
attracted talent and
investment to this
region, leading to
economic prosperity
but also escalating
housing prices and
income inequality
Urban Infrastructure in Southeast Asia
globalization has spurred
investments in urban
infrastructure, enhancing
connectivity and economic
growth but also raising
concerns about
environmental sustainability
and displacement of local
communities
 Gentrification in Major U.S. Cities
globalization can lead to
the displacement of
long-time residents as
urban areas become
more attractive to
affluent professionals,
with implications for
cultural identity and
social cohesion
4. Demographic Transition and Economic Growth:

Globalization can influence demographic transitions, including birth

and death rates. Economic growth resulting from globalization can
lead to shifts in family planning, fertility rates, and population
growth. Conversely, population dynamics, such as a youthful
demographic structure, can influence a country's ability to
participate in and benefit from globalization.
 China's One-Child Policy
globalization
contributed to China's
economic growth and
how this, in turn,
influenced family
planning policies,
leading to a dramatic
decline in fertility
rates and an aging
population
 European Aging Population
globalization's impact on
the labor market and
immigration policies has
influenced the
demographic structure in
Europe, leading to
concerns about the
sustainability of social
welfare systems
 Japan's Aging Population
globalization has
influenced Japan's
demographic trends,
including lower birth rates
and limited immigration,
leading to concerns about
the sustainability of the
workforce and social
security systems
Japan rolls out ‘last-chance’ efforts to curb population decline, July 2023
How Japan tries to solve its population problems - DW News 02.2023
 South Korea's Demographic Dividend
how globalization played a
role in South Korea's
economic success and how
the resulting demographic
dividend, with a growing
working-age population,
contributed to the nation's
competitiveness in the global
economy
5. Technological Advancements and Communication:

Globalization is closely tied to technological advancements and

improved communication. These factors affect how populations
interact, access information, and participate in global networks.
Simultaneously, population needs and behaviors drive technological
innovation and the demand for connectivity.
 Smartphones and Internet Access in
Developing Countries

globalization has facilitated the

availability of affordable
smartphones, enabling access to
the internet and global
networks for previously
underserved populations,
leading to opportunities for e-
commerce, education, and
entrepreneurship
 E-commerce in China
globalization, along with
changing consumer
behaviors, has fueled the
expansion of online
shopping and digital
payment systems,
revolutionizing the retail
industry and fostering
entrepreneurship
Remote Work During the
COVID-19 Pandemic
how the pandemic
accelerated the adoption
of remote work
technologies and how
this shift is likely to
influence future work
patterns and business
operations
 Online Learning Platforms
globalization, along with
changing educational
demands and accessibility, has
driven the development of
digital learning solutions,
making education more
accessible to a global audience
6. Environmental Impact and Resource Consumption:

As populations grow and globalization accelerates, resource

consumption increases. Global supply chains and increased trade
can lead to resource depletion, habitat destruction, and
environmental degradation. These impacts, in turn, affect
populations through climate change, pollution, and resource
scarcity.
The True Cost of Lithium Mining – by Insider News, Aug. 2023
 Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

globalization drives
demand for commodities
like soybeans and beef,
leading to deforestation,
loss of biodiversity, and
carbon emissions, with
global consequences for
climate change
 Plastic Pollution in the Oceans
globalization has expanded
the production and
distribution of plastic
products, resulting in plastic
waste in oceans and
threatening marine life and
human health
 Overfishing in Global Fisheries

globalization has driven

the expansion of
commercial fishing fleets
and increased demand for
seafood, leading to
overfishing, reduced fish
populations, and threats
to food security
 Urbanization and Land Conversion
globalization has spurred
urban expansion, often at
the expense of ecosystems,
wildlife habitats, and the
provision of ecosystem
services
7. Socioeconomic Inequalities and Migration Patterns:

Globalization can exacerbate existing socioeconomic inequalities

within and between countries. Disparities in access to resources,
education, and employment opportunities can drive migration
patterns, as individuals seek better living conditions. This migration,
however, can also reinforce inequalities as some populations gain
advantages while others face challenges in host countries.
 Migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe

globalization has contributed

to these migration patterns
due to disparities in income,
education, and employment
opportunities, and explore
the challenges and
opportunities these migrants
face in host countries
 Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and Europe
globalization, including
conflict and
displacement, has
resulted in large-scale
refugee movements,
raising issues of burden-
sharing, integration, and
inequalities among host
countries
Tech Industry Immigration in the United States

globalization has driven

the recruitment of
foreign talent,
addressing labor
shortages but also
raising concerns about
wage inequality and
competition in the tech
sector
8. Health and Disease Transmission:

Globalization facilitates the rapid spread of diseases across borders

due to increased travel and trade. Health trends, including
pandemics, can impact population dynamics by affecting migration
patterns, healthcare systems, and government policies.
 COVID-19 Pandemic

globalization, including
international travel and
trade, allowed the virus to
spread rapidly, leading to
widespread health and
economic impacts
 Ebola Outbreaks in West Africa
globalization contributed to the rapid
spread of Ebola, affecting population
mobility, healthcare systems, and
government responses in these countries
and beyond
International Responses to Disease Outbreaks
globalization has
necessitated
international
cooperation and
information sharing to
combat the spread of
diseases, leading to
changes in
government policies
and healthcare
infrastructure
9. Political Interdependence and Governance:

Globalization creates an interconnected world where political

decisions in one country can have far-reaching effects on others.
International cooperation and governance become essential to
address global challenges, including population-related issues such
as migration, health, and environmental sustainability.
Paris Agreement on Climate Change
globalization has intensified the need for a coordinated
international response to climate change, as carbon emissions in
one country can impact weather patterns and sea levels
worldwide
Global Trade Agreements

globalization has led to

the negotiation of
complex trade deals,
requiring cooperation
among multiple nations
to promote economic
growth and regulate
trade practices
International Space Cooperation

globalization has
expanded humanity's
reach into space,
necessitating
cooperation in space
exploration, research,
and technology
development