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    Robot That Follow Line

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    nickaotoday

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Robot That Follow Line

    Uploaded by

    nickaotoday
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    docsity.vpdfs.com_robot-that-follow-line

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    10 views10 pages

    Robot That Follow Line

    Uploaded by

    nickaotoday

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Project Report Line Following Robort

    “Line Following Robot”


    Submitted By:
    Nadia Malik 16EL02
    Hafiz Muhammad Sohaib Sajid 16EL14

    Subject: Instrumentations and Measurements


    (2016-2020)
    Submitted to:
    Syed Abdur Rehman Rizvi

    DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL (POWER)


    ENGINEERING

    Islamia University of Bahawalpur

    Table of Contents

    1
    Project Report Line Following Robort

    1. Acknowledgement -Page #3

    2. Abstract -Page #3

    3. Theoretical Background -Page #3

    4. Working of System -Page #3

    5. Material Analysis -Page #4

    6. System Block Diagram -Page #8

    7. Conclusion -Page #8

    8. Reference -Page #9

    2
    Project Report Line Following Robort

    1. DC Motor :-
    A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct
    current (DC). The stator is stationary in space by definition and therefore its current.
    The current in the rotor is switched by the commutator to also be stationary in space.
    This is how the relative angle between the stator and rotor magnetic flux is maintained
    near 90 degrees, which generates the maximum torque.
    DC motors have a rotating armature winding (winding in which a voltage is induced)
    but non-rotating armature magnetic field and a static field winding (winding that
    produce the main magnetic flux) or permanent magnet. Different connections of the
    field and armature winding provide different inherent speed/torque regulation
    characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing the voltage
    applied to the armature or by changing the field current. The introduction of variable
    resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC
    motors are often controlled by power electronics systems called DC drives.
    The introduction of DC motors to run machinery eliminated the need for local steam or
    internal combustion engines, and line shaft drive systems. DC motors can operate
    directly from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first electric
    vehicles. Today DC motors are still found in applications as small as toys and disk
    drives, or in large sizes to operate steel rolling mills and paper machines.

    Motor Driver (L293D):

    L293D Motor Driver IC is used in this project to drive the motors of the robot. It receives
    signals from Arduino based on the information from the IR Sensors.

    Note: The power supply to the motors must be given from the motor driver IC. Hence, choose
    the appropriate power supply which is sufficient for all the components including the motors.

    Motors (Geared Motors): We have used two geared motors at the rear of the line follower
    robot. These motors provide more torque than normal motors and can be used for carrying
    some lo When the robot moves forward, both the sensors wait for the line to be detected. For
    example, if the IR Sensor 1 in the above image detects the black line, it means that there is a
    right curve (or turn) ahead.

    6
    Project Report Line Following Robort

    Arduino UNO detects this change and sends signal to motor driver accordingly. In order to turn
    right, the motor on the right side of the robot is slowed down using PWM, while the motor on
    the left side is run at normal speed.

    Similarly, when the IR Sensor 2 detects the black line first, it means that there is a left curve
    ahead and the robot has to turn left. For the robot to turn left, the motor on the left side of the
    robot is slowed down (or can be stopped completely or can be rotated in opposite direction)
    and the motor on the right side is run at normal speed.

    Arduino UNO continuously monitors the data from both the sensors and turns the robot as per
    the line detected by them.

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