Date: 11/03/2023

Set-2
Question Paper Code

65/5/2

Corporate Office: Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 | Ph.: 011-47623456

Time: 3 hrs.
MATHEMATICS Max. Marks: 80

Class-XII
(CBSE 2022-23)
Answers & Solutions

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

Read the following instructions very carefully and follow them:

(i) This question paper contains 38 questions. All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Question paper is divided into FIVE sections – Section A, B, C, D and E.

(iii) In Section – A : Question Numbers 1 to 18 are Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) type and question

number 19 & 20 are Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.

(iv) In Section – B : Question Number 21 to 25 are Very Short Answer (VSA) type Questions carrying 2
marks each.

(v) In Section – C : Question Number 26 to 31 are Short Answer (SA) type questions, carrying 3 marks

each.

(vi) In Section – D : Question Number 32 to 35 are Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 5 marks each.

(vii) In Section – E : Question Number 36 to 38 are case study based questions carrying 4 marks each where

2 VSA type questions are of 1 mark each and 1 SA type question is of 2 marks. Internal choice is provided
in 2 marks question in each case-study.

(viii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 questions in Section – B,

3 questions in Section – C, 2 questions in Section – D and 2 questions in Section – E.

(ix) Use of calculators is NOT allowed.

-1-
 Mathematics (Class XII)
SECTION - A
(Multiple Choice Questions)
Each question carries 1 mark.
Select the correct option out of the four given options:

  1 
1. sin  + sin–1    is equal to
3  2 
1
(a) 1 (b)
2
1 1
(c) (d)
3 4
Answer (a)
 1 
Sol. We know that principal value of sin–1   =
2 6
  1     
 sin  + sin–1    = sin  +  = sin = 1
3  2  3 6 2
2. Let A = {3, 5}. Then number of reflexive relations on A is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 0 (d) 8
Answer (b)
Sol. Given A = {3, 5}  n(A) = 2
2
–n
Number of reflexive relations = 2n
2
= 22 –2
= 24–2 = 22 = 4
 1 0  x 0
3. If A =   ,B= 2
 and A = B , then x equals
 2 1  1 1
(a) ±1 (b) –1
(c) 1 (d) 2
Answer (c)
 1 0  x 0
Sol. Given A =   and B =  
2 1  1 1
 x 0  x 0  x 2 0
 B2 =    = 
 1 1  1 1  x + 1 1
As A = B2
 x2 = 1, x + 1 = 2
x=1
1, when i  j
4. If A = [aij] is a square matrix of order 2 such that aij =  , then A2 is
0, when i = j
1 0   1 1
(a)   (b)  
1 0  0 0 
1 1 1 0
(c)   (d)  
1 0   0 1

-2-
Mathematics (Class XII)
Answer (d)

1 i  j
Sol. For square matrix of order 2 if aij = 
0 i = j
 a11 = 0, a12 = 1, a21 = 1, a22 = 0
0 1
 A=  
 1 0

0 1 0 1  1 0
 A2 =   = 
 1 0  1 0 0 1
6 0 –1
5. The value of the determinant 2 1 4 is
1 1 3

(a) 10 (b) 8
(c) 7 (d) –7
Answer (d)
6 0 –1
Sol. Given  = 2 1 4
1 1 3

Expanding along row 1 we get

 = 6(3 – 4) – 0(6 – 4) – 1(2 – 1)
= 6(–1) –1(1) = – 6 –1 = –7
6. The function f(x) = [x], where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is continuous at
(a) x = 1 (b) x = 1.5
(c) x = –2 (d) x = 4
Answer (b)
Sol. f(x) = [x] is defined as
.
.
.
–2 x  [–2, –1)
–1 x  [–1, 0)
f(x) = 0 x  [0, 1)
1 x  [1, 2)
2 x  [2, 3)
3 x  [3, 4)
.
.
.
 f(x) is discontinuous x  Z
Hence f(x) is continuous at x = 1.5

-3-
 Mathematics (Class XII)
7. The derivative of x2x w.r.t. x is
(a) x2x – 1 (b) 2x2x log x
(c) 2x2x(1 + log x) (d) 2x2x(1 – log x)
Answer (c)
Sol. Let y = x2x
Taking log both sides we get
lny = ln x2x = 2x ln x
differentiate both sides w.r.t. x we get
1 dy 2x
= + 2 ln x
y dx x

= x 2x ( 2 (1 + ln x ) ) = 2x 2x (1 + log x )
dy

dx
8. The interval in which the function f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x – 1 is decreasing, is
(a) (–1, ) (b) (–2, –1)
(c) (–, –2) (d) [–1, 1]
Answer (b)
Sol. For f(x) to be decreasing f(x) < 0
 f(x) = 6x2 + 18x + 12 < 0
= 6(x2 + 3x + 2) < 0
= 6(x + 1)(x + 2) < 0

 x  (–2, –1)
9. The function f(x) = x | x |, x  R is differentiable
(a) only at x = 0 (b) only at x = 1
(c) in R (d) in R – {0}
Answer (c)
Sol. Given f(x) = x | x |

 x 2
, x0
 f( x ) = 
– x
2
, x0

as f(x) is a polynomial x  R – 0

f(x) is continuous as well as differentiable

Now examining at x = 0, we get
For continuity lim– f ( x ) = f (0 ) = lim+ f ( x )
x →0 x →0

 lim– x 2 = 0 = lim+ x 2 = f ( 0 )
x →0 x →0

-4-
Mathematics (Class XII)
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0

f ( 0 – h) – f (0 ) ( –h)2
LHD at x = 0; lim– = lim =0
h→0 –h h→0 h

f ( 0 + h) – f ( 0 ) h2
RHD at x = 0; lim+ = lim =0
h→0 h h→0 h

 f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
 f(x) is differentiable x  R
sec x
10.  sec x – tan x dx equals
(a) sec x – tan x + c (b) sec x + tan x + c
(c) tan x – sec x + c (d) –(sec x + tan x) + c
Answer (b)
sec x
Sol. Let I =  sec x – tan x dx
sec x ( sec x + tan x ) dx
I=  ( sec x – tan x )( sec x + tan x )
sec 2 x + sec x ·tan x
I=  sec 2 x – tan2 x
dx

as sec2x – tan2x = 1 we get


 I = sec 2 x dx + sec x tan x dx 
= tan x + sec x + c

4
11. The value of  ( sin2x ) dx
0
is

(a) 0 (b) 1
1 1
(c) (d) –
2 2
Answer (c)

4
Sol. Let I =  sin2x dx
0

Put 2x = t  2dx = dt

2
1
 I=
2  sin t dt
0

1  1 1
=  – cos t 0 2 = ( –0 + 1) =
2 2 2

-5-
 Mathematics (Class XII)

d   dy  
3
12. The sum of the order and the degree of the differential equation   is
dx   dx  

(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 0
Answer (b*)
3 2 2
d  dy   dy  d y
Sol.   = 3  · 2
dx  dx   dx  dx
 order = 2 & degree = 1
 sum = 2 + 1 = 3
* Please note in question only expression is given not the equation.
13. Two vectors a = a1ˆi + a2 ˆj + a3kˆ and b = b1ˆi + b2 ˆj + b3kˆ are collinear if
a1 a2 a3
(a) a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3 = 0 (b) = =
b1 b2 b3
(c) a1 = b1, a2 = b2, a3 = b3 (d) a1 + a2 + a3 = b1 + b2 + b3
Answer (b)
Sol. If two vectors a = a1ˆi + a2 ˆj + a3kˆ and b = b1ˆi + b2 ˆj + b3kˆ are collinear.
a1 a2 a3
Then = = =
b1 b2 b3

14. A unit vector â makes equal but acute angles on the co-ordinate axes. The projection of the vector â on the
vector b = 5iˆ + 7ˆj − kˆ is

11 11
(a) (b)
15 5 3
4 3
(c) (d)
5 5 3
Answer (a)
Sol. Let â = liˆ + mjˆ + nkˆ
l = cos , m = cos , n = cos 
 =  = .
l=m=n
l2 + m2 = n2 = 1
 3l2 = 1
1
 l=
3
, ,  > 0
1
l=m=n=
3

 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
â =  i+ j+ k = (i + j + k)
 3 3 3  3

-6-
Mathematics (Class XII)

As we know that projection of a vector a1 on vector b1 is a1  bˆ 1

 Projection of vector â on vector b = aˆ  bˆ

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ (5iˆ + 7ˆj − k) ˆ
= (i + j + k) 
3 25 + 49 + 1
5 + 7 −1
=
3 5 3
11
=
15
15. The angle between the lines 2x = 3y = – z and 6x = –y = –4z is
(a) 0° (b) 30°
(c) 45° (d) 90°
Answer (d)
Sol. L1 : 2x = 3y = –z L2 : 6x = –y = –4z
x y z x y z
L1 : = = L2 : = =
1 1 ( −1) 1 ( −1)  1 
− 4 
2 3 6  
1 1 1 1
Direction ratios of L1 and L2 are , , −1 and , −1, − respectively if the direction ratios of lines L1 and L2 are
2 3 6 4
a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 respectively, then angle between the lines is given by
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c 2
cos =
(a + b12 + c12 )(a22 + b22 + c 22 )
2
1

(where  is angle between the lines)

1 1 1  1
Here a1a2 + b1b2+c1c2 =  + ( −1) + ( −1)  − 
2 6 3  4
1 1 1
= − + =0
12 3 4
 cos = 0
  = 90°
16. If a line makes angles of 90°, 135° and 45° with the x, y and z axes respectively, then its direction cosines are
1 1 1 1
(a) 0, − , (b) − ,0,
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(c) ,0, − (d) 0, ,
2 2 2 2
Answer (a)
Sol. If a lines makes angles of ,  and  with the x, y and z axes respectively, then its direction cosines are cos,
cos, cos
1 1
 Direction cosines of the line are cos90°, cos135°, cos45° or 0, − ,
2 2

-7-
 Mathematics (Class XII)
4 7
17. If for any two events A and B, P(A) = and P(A  B) = , then P(B/A) is equal to
5 10
1 1
(a) (b)
10 8
7 17
(c) (d)
8 20
Answer (c)
4 7
Sol. P(A) = , P(A  B) =
5 10
 B  P(A  B)
As we know that P   =
A P(A)
7
 B  10 75 7
 P  = = =
 A  4 10  4 8
5
1 1
18. If A and B are two independent events such that P(A) = and P(B) = , then P(B/A) is
3 4
1 1
(a) (b)
4 8
3
(c) (d) 1
4
Answer (c)
1 1
Sol. P(A) = , P(B) =
3 4
 A and B are independent events

 P(A  B) = P(A)  P(B)

 A  P(A  B)
P  =
B P(B)

 B  P(B  A)
 P  =
A P(A)
P(A) − P(A  B)
= ( B  A = A − A  B)
P(A)
P(A) − P(A)  P(B) 1 3
= = 1 − P(B) = 1 − =
P(A) 4 4
Assertion – Reason Based Questions
In the following questions 19 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true

-8-
Mathematics (Class XII)
8
10 − x
19. Assertion (A) :  x + 10 − x
dx = 3
2

b b
Reason (R) :  f(x)dx =  f(a + b − x) dx
a a

Answer (a)

10 − x
8
Sol. I = 
2 x + 10 − x
dx (let) …(i)

8
10 − (2 + 8 − x)  b b

 I= dx using :  f(x)dx =  f(a + b − x)dx 
2 2 + 8 − x + 10 − (2 + 8 − x)  a a 
8
x
 I=  dx …(ii)
2 10 − x + x

Adding eq. (i) and (ii)

10 − x
8 8
x
 I+I =  dx +  dx
2 x + 10 − x 2 x + 10 − x

10 − x + x
8
 2I = 
2 x + 10 − x
dx

8
 2I =  1 dx
2

 2I = x 8
2

 2I = 8–2

 2I = 6

 I=3

 Assertion (A) is correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

 Option (a) is correct

20. Assertion (A) : Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting two heads, if it is known that at
1
least one head comes up, is
3
P(E  F)
Reason (R) : Let E and F be two events with a random experiment, then P(F / E) =
P(E)
Answer (a)
Sol. Consider an event of tossing two coins
Let event E : getting two heads ; E = {HH}
Let event F : getting atleast one head; F = {HH, HT, TH}
E  F = {HH}

-9-
 Mathematics (Class XII)
Sample space (S) = {HH, HT, TH, HT}
n(S) = 4
n(E) = 1, n(F) = 3, n(E  F) = 1

n(E) 1
P(E) = =
n(S) 4

n(F) 3
P(F) = = …(i)
n(S) 4

(E  F)
P(E  F) = …(ii)
n(S)

P(getting two heads given that atleast one head comes up)

 E  P(E  F)
=  =
F P(F)

1/ 4 1
= = (using (i) and (ii)
3/4 3
 Assertion (A) is correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
 Option (a) is correct.

SECTION - B

This section comprises of Very Short Answer (VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
21. Draw the graph of the principal branch of the function f(x) = cos –1 x.
Sol.

2
22. (a) If the vectors a and b are such that | a | = 3, | b | = and a  b is a unit vector, then find the angle between
3
a and b.
OR
(b) Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors a = ˆi – ˆj + 3kˆ and
b = 2iˆ – 7 ˆj + k.
ˆ

2
Sol. (a) Given : | a | = 3, |b|= , |ab|=1
3

Now, let  be the angle between a and b

- 10 -
Mathematics (Class XII)

Using formulae : | a  b | = | a | · | b | · sin 

2
1=3× × sin
3

1
 sin  =
2

 =
6

Hence, a  b is unit vector if the angle between a and b is .
6

OR

(b) Given : a = ˆi – ˆj + 3kˆ

b = 2iˆ – 7ˆj + kˆ

Area of parallelogram ABCD = | a  b |

ˆi ˆj kˆ
Now, a  b = 1 –1 3
2 –7 1

= ˆi(–1 1– (–7)  3) – ˆj(1 1– 3  2) + k(–7

ˆ  1– 2  (–1))

= ˆi(–1 + 21) – ˆj(1– 6) + k(–7

ˆ + 2)

= 20iˆ + 5ˆj – 5kˆ

Magnitude of a  b = (20)2 + (5)2 + (–5)2

| a  b | = 400 + 25 + 25

= 450

= 25  9  2

= 53 2

= 15 2

Therefore, required area is 15 2 square units.

 x 2 , if x  1
23. (a) If f(x) =  , then show that f is not differentiable at x = 1.
 x, if x  1

OR
(b) Find the value(s) of ‘’, if the function
 sin2  x
 , if x  0
f(x) =  x 2 is continuous at x = 0.

1 , if x = 0

- 11 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)

 x 2 ;x  1
Sol. (a) Given f(x) = 
 x ;x  1

Now, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 if LHD = RHD

LHD:
f(x) – f(x – h)
lim
h →0 h

f(1) – f(1– h)
= lim
h →0 h

(1)2 – (1– h)
= lim
h→0 h
1– 1 + h
= lim
h→0 h

h
= lim =1
h→0 h

RHD:
f(x + h) – f(x)
lim
h→0 h

f(1 + h) – f(1)
= lim
h →0 h

(1 + h)2 – (1)2
= lim
h→0 h

1 + h2 + 2h – 1
= lim
h→0 h
h(h + 2)
= lim
h→0 h

= lim h + 2 = 2
h→0

Since LHD  RHD

f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1

OR
 sin2  x
 , if x  0
(b) Given : f(x) =  x 2 is continuous at x = 0

1 , if x = 0

f is continuous at x = 0
If LHL = RHL = f(0)
i.e., lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0)
x →0– x →0+

LHL at x → 0

- 12 -
Mathematics (Class XII)
lim f(x) = lim f(0 – h)
x →0– h→0

sin2 (0 – h)
= lim
h→0 (0 – h)2

sin2 (– h)
= lim
h→0 h2

( – sin h)2
= lim (as sin(–x) = –sinx)
h→0 h2

sin2 h
= lim
h→0 h2
2
 sin h  2
= lim   
h→0  h 

 sin kx 
= (1)2 × 2 = 2  as lim kx = 1
 x →0 

RHL at x → 0
lim f(x) = lim f(0 + h)
x →0+ h→0

( sin h)2
= lim
h→0 h2
2
 sin h 
= lim    2
h→0  h 

 sin kx 
= (1)2 × 2 = 2  as lim kx = 1
 x →0 
And f(0) = 1
Now LHL = RHL = f(0)
2 = 2 = 1
Hence,  = 1
 2 = 1
Hence,  = 1
24. Sketch the region bounded by the lines 2x + y = 8, y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis. Hence, obtain its area using
integration.
Sol. We have,
2x + y = 8  y = 8 – 2x
When x = 0, y = 8 – 2(0) = 8
When x = 4, y = 8 – 2(4) = 0
Thus the line 2x + y = 8 passes through (0, 8) and (4, 0)

- 13 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)
y = 2 and y = 4 are the lines parallel to x-axis passing through (0, 2) and (0, 4) respectively.
Now, we plot these points and sketch the region bounded by given lines and y-axis

Required area = area of region PQRSP

8−y
= area between the line x = and the y-axis between y = 2 and y = 4
2
4
=  xdy
2
4
 y
=   4 − 2 dy
2
4
y2
= 4y –
4
2

 ( 4 )2   ( 2)2 
=  4(4) – – 4(2) –
 4   4 
   
= (16 – 4) – (8 – 1)
= 12 – 7 = 5
Hence, the required area is 5 sq. units.
25. Find the angle between the following two lines:

(
r = 2iˆ – 5jˆ + kˆ +  3iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ ;)
(
r = 7iˆ – 6kˆ +  ˆi + 2jˆ + 2kˆ )
Sol. Angle between two vectors
r = a1 + b1
And r = a2 + b2 is given by

b1  b2
cos  =
b1 b2

Given, the pair of lines is

- 14 -
Mathematics (Class XII)

( ) (
r = 2iˆ – 5jˆ + kˆ +  3iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ )
So, a1 = 2iˆ – 5jˆ + kˆ

b1 = 3iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ

( ) (
r = 7iˆ – 6kˆ +  ˆi + 2jˆ + 2kˆ )
So, a2 = 7iˆ – 6kˆ

b2 = ˆi + 2jˆ + 2kˆ

( )(
Now, b1  b2 = 3iˆ + 2jˆ + 6kˆ  ˆi + 2jˆ + 2kˆ )
= (3 × 1) + (2 × 2) + (6 × 2)
= 3 + 4 + 12
= 19

Magnitude of b1 = 32 + 22 + 62

b1 = 9 + 4 + 36 = 49 = 7

Magnitude of b2 = 12 + 22 + 22

b2 = 1 + 4 + 4 = 9 = 3

b1  b2
Now, cos  =
b1 b2

19
cos  =
73
19
cos  =
21
 19 
  = cos–1  
 21 
 19 
Therefore, the angle between the given vectors is cos–1   .
 21 

SECTION - C

This section comprises of Short Answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
26. Using determinants, find the area of PQR with vertices P(3, 1), Q(9, 3) and R(5, 7). Also, find the equation of
line PQ using determinants.
Sol. Given P  (3, 1), Q  (9, 3) and R  (5, 7)
Then area of PQR will be
3 1 1
1
= 9 3 1
2
5 7 1

- 15 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)
1
= [3(3 − 7) − 1(9 − 5) + 1(63 − 15)]
2
1
= [−12 − 4 + 48] = 16 sq. units
2
Now equation of line PQ will be
x y 1
3 1 1=0
9 3 1
 x(1 – 3) –y (3 – 9) + 1 (9 – 9) = 0
 –2x + 6y = 0  x − 3y = 0

 1 
27. (a) Differentiate sec −1  −1
 w.r.t. sin (2x 1 − x ).
2

 1− x 
2

OR
2
dy cos x
(b) If y = tan x + sec x, then prove that = .
dx 2
(1 − sin x )2

 1 
Sol. (a) Let y = sec −1  
 1− x 
2

and z = sin−1 (2x 1 − x 2 )

Now, Put x = sin
 1 
then, y = sec −1   = 

 1 − sin  
2

z = sin–1 (2 sin cos)

= 2
dy dz
and = 1 , and =2
d d
dy 1
 =
dz 2
OR
(b) Given y = tan x + sec x
Differentiate with respect to x
dy
= sec 2 x + sec x tan x
dx
1 + sin x 1 + sin x
= =
cos2 x 1 − sin2 x
1
=
1 − sin x
again differentiate w. r. t. x

d2 y −( − cos x ) cos x
= =
dx 2 (1 − sin x )2 (1 − sin x )2

Hence proved
- 16 -
Mathematics (Class XII)

4
cos 2 x
28. (a) Evaluate :  1 + cos 2 x dx

−
4

OR
e
2
(b) Find : x
( x 5 + 2 x 3 ) dx

4
cos 2 x
Sol. (a) Let =  1 + cos 2x

−
4

cos 2 x
Since f( x ) = is an even function
1 + cos 2 x

4
cos 2x +1 – 1
 I = 2
0
1 + cos 2x

 4 
  1  
= 2   1 −  d x
1 + 2cos2 x − 1  
 0  

 4 
  1  
= 2    1 − sec 2 x  dx 
 0   
2


 1 4
= 2  x − tan x 
 2 0
  1  
= 2  −  − (0)
 4 2  
 
=  − 1
2 
OR
(b) I =  e ( x + 2x ) dx
x2 5 3

=  2x 3 e x dx +  e x x 5 dx
2 2
… (1)
Let
I1 =  2 x 3 e x dx
2

x4 2 2x
4
−  2x · ex
2
= 2e x dx
4 4
2
ex · x 4
−  x 5 e x dx + C
2
=
2
Put in eqn (1)
2
ex · x 4
−  e x x 5 dx +  e x x 5 dx + C
2 2
I=
2
2
ex x 4
= +C
2

- 17 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)
29. Find the area of the minor segment of the circle x 2 + y2 = 4 cut off by the line x = 1, using integration.
Sol. Given circle x2 + y2 = 4 and line x = 1

 Area of required (shaded) region

2


= 2 ydx
1

2
= 2 
1
4 − x 2 dx

2
x 4 x
= 2 4 − x2 + sin−1 
2 2 2 1

    1  
= 2  2 ·  –  3 + 2 · 
 2   2 6 

 2 1 
= 2 − 3
3 2 
 4 
=  − 3  square. unit
 3 
30. Find the distance between the lines :
r = (iˆ + 2jˆ − 4k)
ˆ + (2iˆ + 3ˆj + 6k);
ˆ

r = (3iˆ + 3jˆ − 5k)

ˆ + (4iˆ + 6jˆ + 12k)
ˆ

Sol. Given lines, r = (iˆ + 2jˆ − 4k) ˆ and r = (3iˆ + 3jˆ − 5k)
ˆ + (2iˆ + 3ˆj + 6k) ˆ + (4iˆ + 6jˆ + 12k)
ˆ

Here let a1 = ˆi + 2jˆ − 4k,

ˆ b = 2iˆ + 3ˆj + 6kˆ
1

and a2 = 3iˆ + 3jˆ − 5k,

ˆ b = 4iˆ + 6jˆ + 12kˆ
2

2 3 6
= =  b1 || b2
4 6 12
 Both lines are parallel to each other
 Distance between these two lines

b1  (a2 – a1 )
d=
|b|

(2iˆ + 3ˆj + 6k)

ˆ  (2iˆ + ˆj − k)
ˆ
=
49

- 18 -
Mathematics (Class XII)
ˆi ˆj kˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
and (2i + 3 j + 6k)  (2i + j − k) = 2 3 6
2 1 −1

= −9iˆ + 14ˆj − 4kˆ

81 + 196 + 16 293
 d= =
7 7

31. (a) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(0, 2, 3) to the line
x + 3 y −1 z + 4
= = .
5 2 3
OR
(b) Three vectors a, b and c satisfy the condition a + b + c = 0. Evaluate the quantity  = a · b + b · c + c · a, if
| a |= 3, | b |= 4 and | c |= 2.
Sol. (a) Given, P  (0, 2, 3)
x + 3 y −1 z + 4
and line L : = = =t
5 2 3
Let Q  (5t – 3, 2t + 1, 3t – 4) be the foot of perpendicular drawn from P.
Then PQ perpendicular to the line L.
 5 (5t – 3 – 0) + 2(2t + 1 – 2) + 3(3t – 4 – 3) = 0
 25t + 4t + 9t – 15 – 2 – 21 = 0
 38t = 38
 t =1
 Q  (2, 3, – 1)

OR
(b) Let a, b and c be three vectors which satisfy a + b + c = 0 ...(i)

and  = a · b + b · c + c · a with

| a | = 3, | b | = 4 and | c | = 2
Take dot product of (i) with a we get
a · a + a · b + a · c = 0 ...(ii)

Similarly, with b and c we get

b · a + b · b + b · c = 0 ...(iii)

and c · a + c · b + c · c = 0 ...(iv)

and we also know that a · a =| a |2 and a · b = b · a

Adding (ii), (iii) and (iv)
| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 + 2 (a · b + b · c + c · a) = 0
−1 −29
 = [9 + 16 + 4] =
2 2

- 19 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)
SECTION - D
This section comprises of Long Answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.

x
32. Evaluate :  1 + sin x dx
0


x
Sol. I =  1 + sin x dx ... (i)
0


−x −x
  b b 
I=  1 + sin (  − x ) =  1 + sin x ... (ii) 
  f ( x )dx =  f (a + b − x )dx 
0 0  a a 


(i) + (ii)  2I =  1 + sin x dx
0


 1
I= 
2 0 1 + sin x
dx

 /2

( f (  − x ) = f ( x ))
1
= 2
2  1 + sin x
dx
0

 /2
1  b b 
=   
dx 
  f ( x )dx =  f (a + b − x )dx 
0 1 + sin  − x   a a 
2 
 /2  /2
1 1
=  1 + cos x
dx =   x2
dx
0 0 2cos
2
 /2
 x
=
2  sec 2
2
dx
0

 /2
 x
=  2  tan 
2 2 0
=  (1 – 0) = 
Ans : 
33. (a) The median of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2 3 cm/s. Find the rate at which its side is
increasing.
OR
(b) Sum of two numbers is 5. If the sum of the cubes of these numbers is least, then find the sum of the squares
of these numbers.
Sol. (a) Let length of median be l and side of triangle be a.
3
l = a sin 60° = a
2
2l
a=
3
da 2 dl 2
= =  2 3 = 4 cm/s.
dt 3 dt 3
Ans : 4 cm/s.
- 20 -
Mathematics (Class XII)
OR
(b) Let the two numbers be x and y.
x+y=5 ... (i)
Let z = x3 + y3
z = x3 + (5 – x)3
dz
= 3x2 + 3(5 – x)2 (– 1)
dx
= 3x2 – 3(x2 – 10x + 25)
dz
= 15(2x – 5)
dx
dz 5
= 0  2x – 5 = 0  x =
dx 2

d 2z
=20
dx 2
5
 z is least for x =
2
5 5
Also y = 5 – x = 5 − =
2 2
Sum of squares = x2 + y2
2 2
5 5 25
=   +  = = 12.5
2 2 2
Ans : 12.5
3
34. (a) In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let be
5
2
the probability that he knows the answer and be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student
5
1
who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability . What is the probability that the student knows
3
the answer, given that he answered it correctly?
OR
(b) A box contains 10 tickets, 2 of which carry a prize of ` 8 each, 5 of which carry a prize of ` 4 each, and
remaining 3 carry a prize of ` 2 each. If one ticket is drawn at random, find the mean value of the prize.
Sol. (a) Let E1 → Student knows the answer.
E2 → Student guesses the answer.
A → The answer is correct

P ( E1 ) =
3
5
, P ( ) =1
A
E1

P ( E2 ) =
2
5
, P ( ) = 31
A
E2

- 21 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)

Required probability = P ( )
E1
A

=
P ( E1 ) P ( )
A
E1

P ( E1 ) P ( ) + P (E
A
E1 2 ) P ( AE 2
)
3
1
= 5
3 2 1
 1+ 
5 5 3

3 9
= =
2 11
3+
3

9
Ans. =
11

OR
(b) Let E1  Ticket has a prize of ` 8

E2  Ticket has a prize of ` 4

E3  Ticket has a prize of ` 2

2
x1 = 8, P(x = x1) = P1 =
10

5
x2 = 4, P(x = x2) = P2 =
10

3
x3 = 2, P(x = x3) = P3 =
10

3
Mean value of the prize = P x
i =1
i i

2 5 3
= 8 + 4+ 2
10 10 10

42
= = 4.2
10

Ans. ` 4.2
35. Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically :
Maximize : P = 70x + 40y

subject to : 3x + 2y  9,

3x + y  9,

x  0, y  0

- 22 -
Mathematics (Class XII)
Sol.

OAC is the required bounded region.

P = 70x + 40y
At O(0, 0), P = 0
At (A(3, 0), P = 70 × 3 + 40 × 0
= 210

 9 9
At C  0,  , P = 70  0 + 40  = 180
 2 2

 Maximum of P = 210, which occurs when x = 3 and y = 0

Ans. : 210 when x = 3, y = 0

SECTION - E
This section comprises of 3 case study/passage-based questions of 4 marks each with two sub-parts. First
two case study questions have three sub-parts (I), (II), (III) of marks 1, 1, 2 respectively. The third case study
question has two sub-parts (I) and (II) of marks 2 each.
Case Study-I
36. Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of `160. From the same shop, Vikram buys
2 pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of `190. Also Ankur buys 1 pen, 2 bags and 4 instrument
boxes and pays a sum of `250.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(I) Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX = B.
(II) Find |A|.
(III) Find A–1.

OR
(III) Determine P = A2 – 5A.

- 23 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)
Sol. Let the price of 1 pen, 1 bag and 1 instrument box are x, y and z respectively.
 5x + 3y + z = 160
2x + y + 3z = 190
x + 2y + 4z = 250
5 3 1  x  160 
(I) 2 1 3   y  = 190 
 1 2 4   z  250 

5 3 1
(II) |A| = 2 1 3
12 4

= 5 ( 4 – 6 ) – 3 ( 8 – 3 ) + 1 ( 4 – 1)

= – 10 – 15 + 3 = – 22

adj ( A )
(III) A–1 =
|A|
Let matrix formed by co-factors = C
C11 C12 C13 
C = C21 C22 C23  , where Cij = ( –1) Mij
i+ j

C31 C32 C33 

C11 = (–1)2 (4 × 1 – 2 × 3) = –2, C12 = (–1)3 (4 × 2 – 1 × 3) = – 5

C13 = ( –1) ( 2  2 – 1 1) = 3, C21 = ( –1) (3  4 – 2  1) = – 10

4 3

C22 = ( –1) (5  4 – 1 1) = 19 C23 = ( –1) (5  2 – 1  3) = – 7

4 5

C31 = ( –1) (3  3 – 1 1) = 8 C32 = ( –1) (5  3 – 1 2) = – 13

4 5

C33 = ( –1) (5  1 – 2  3) = – 1
6

 –2 –5 3 
 C =  –10 19 –7 
 8 –13 –1

adj ( A ) CT  1   –2 –10 8 
 A–1 = = = –  –5 19 –13 
|A| |A|  22   3 –7 –1 

 1 5 4
 11 11 –
11
 
A–1 =  5 – 19 13 
 22 22 22 
 
 3 7 1 
 – 22 22 
22
OR
(III) P = A2 – 5A
5 3 1 5 3 1 32 20 18 
A = 2 1 3  2 1 3  = 15 13 17 
2

 1 2 4   1 2 4  13 13 23 

- 24 -
Mathematics (Class XII)
 P = A2 – 5A

32 20 18  25 15 5 
= 15 13 17  – 10 5 15 
13 13 23   5 10 20 

7 5 13 
= 5 8 2 
8 3 3 

Case Study-II
37. An organization conducted bike race under two different categories – Boys and Girls. There were 28 participants
in all. Among all of them, finally three from category 1 and two from category 2 were selected for the final race.
Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants for his college project.
Let B = {b1, b2, b3} and G = {g1, g2}, where B represents the set of Boys selected and G the set of Girls selected
for the final race.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions :

(I) How many relations are possible from B to G ?
(II) Among all the possible relations from B to G, how many functions can be formed from B to G ?
(III) Let R : B → B be defined by R = {(x, y) : x and y are students of the same sex}. Check if R is an equivalence
relation.

OR
(III) A function f : B → G be defined by f = {(b1, g1), (b2, g2), (b3, g1)}. Check if f is bijective. Justify your answer.
Sol. Given B = {b1, b2, b3} and G = {g1, g2}

i.e. n(B) = 3 and n(G) = 2

as we know if n(A) = m and n(B) = n

Number of relations A → B = 2mn

(I) Number of relations B to G = 23×2 = 26 = 64

(II) Number of functions from B to G = nm = 23 = 8

(III) R : B → B will be

- 25 -
 Mathematics (Class XII)
R = {(b1, b1), (b1, b2), (b1, b3), (b2, b1), (b2, b2), (b2, b3), (b3, b1), (b3, b2), (b3, b3)}
as b1, b2, b3 are all boys

as  (bi, bi) are present  R is reflexive

 (bi, bj) there exist (bj, bi)  R is symmetric

and as  (bi, bj), (bj, bk) there is (bi, bk)  R is transitive
Hence R is an equivalence relation

OR
(III) f : B → G has mapping diagram as below:

Clearly range of f is (g1, g2) = codomain of f.

but element g1 has two pre-images
 f is onto but not one-one hence f is not bijective.
Case Study-III
38. An equation involving derivatives of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variables is called a
dy
differential equation. A differential equation of the form = F(x, y) is said to be homogeneous if F(x, y) is a
dx
homogeneous function of degree zero, whereas a function F(x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree n if
dy y
F(x, y) = n F(x, y). To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type = F(x, y) = g   , we make
dx x
the substitution y = vx and then separate the variables.
Based on the above, answer the following questions :
dy y
(I) Show that (x2 – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0 is a differential equation of the type = g  .
dx x
(II) Solve the above equation to find its general solution.
Sol. (I) Based on the information given, we substitute y = vx in the equation (x 2 – y2) dx + 2xy dy = 0

dy y 2 − x 2  dy dv 
i.e., =  as y = vx  dx = v + x dx 
dx 2xy  

dv (v 2 − 1) x2
 v+x =
dx 2v x2

dv v 2 − 1 − 2v 2
 x =
dx 2v
2v dv dx
 + =0 …(i)
1+ v 2 x

- 26 -
Mathematics (Class XII)
 The above equation, on substituting y = vx is reduced to a variable separable hence given equation is a
dy y
differential equation of type = g  .
dx x
(II) Solving (i) further, we get
2v dv dx
 1+ v2 +  x
=0

 ln(1 + v2) + lnx = lnc

  y 2 
 x 1 +    = c
 x 
 
 x2 + y2 – cx = 0

❑ ❑ ❑

- 27 -