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    BIOLOGY

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    celia sanchez

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    BIOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    celia sanchez
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    6 views2 pages

    BIOLOGY

    Uploaded by

    celia sanchez

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    BIOLOGY

    Species - an organism with similar characteristics that can produce fertile offspring.

    Organisms can reproduce in between the same type of specie.

    (Small surface area to volume ratio-elephant)

    1. Evolution
    Homologies: structural similarities shared between different species of living organisms. (Main
    lines of evidence for evolution)

    Evolution: Explains the existence of homologous structures between species, they come from
    their ancestors.

    Homologous organs Vestigial traits Embryonic Cellular and molecular


    homologies homologies
    Organs that have the Some species Species may also Technology allows us
    same internal emerge from the share homologies to determine the
    structure but not transformation of that show during the degree of similarity in
    function. past species which embryonic the homologous
    Analogy (opposite) did have a function development. proteins.
    in some structures.

    2. History of the theories of Evolution


    First evolutionary theory, Lamarckism:

    - Natural tendency -> more complex.


    - Changes in environment -> new behavior.
    - New behavior -> change the way in which the animal uses its organs.
    - Acquired traits pass on to the offspring.

    Then came Darwin’s theory which said evolution was about natural selection:

    - In the population -> variability of inherited traits.


    - Struggle for existence.
    - Organisms with traits that allow best compete for resources will survive and reproduce
    more.
    - Next generation -> offspring with inherited traits.

    3. Modern theory of Evolution


    Variability: mutations, sexual reproduction.

    The environment exerts a selection pressure on the organisms of a species because it


    negatively affects those that are poorly adapted. (Food and water).

    Speciation: is the process by which a species gives rise to two or more species. For this to
    happen 2 populations of same specie must be reproductively isolated. 4 scenarios that can
    cause speciation:
    Geographical Temporal isolation Chromosomal Behavioral isolation
    isolation isolation
    A physical boundary 2 populations can be If the number or Differences in traits
    stops individuals isolated because structure of relating to behaviors
    from sharing the their individuals are chromosomes begin can trigger a
    same physical space. in heat at different to show differences, reproductive barrier.
    times of the year, their gametes might
    fertile periods and become
    flowering seasons. incompatible.

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