BINARY FILES Topics Covered : Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: Open using file open modes (rb, rb+,wb,wb+, ab, ab+), Close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/ereate, search, append and update operations in a binary file. oo00 Binary files store data in the binary format (0°s and 1’s) which is understandable by the machine. So when we open the binary file in our machine, it decodes the data and displays in a human-readable format. There are three basic modes of a binary file: read: This mode is written as rb write: This mode is written as wb append: This mode is written as ab The plus symbol followed by file mode is used to perform multiple operations together. For example, rb+ is used for reading the opening file for reading and writing. The cursor position is at the beginning when + symbol is written with file mode. To open a binary file follow this syntax: file = open(< For example lepath>, mode) f= open(“one.dat”,"1b”) Binary File Modes: File mode governs the type of operations read/write/append possible in the opened file, It refers to how the file will be used once its opened File Description Mode 1b Read Only: Opens existing file for read operation wb Write Only: Opens file for write operation. If file does not exist, file is created. If file exists, it overwrites data. ab Append: Opens file in write mode. If file exist, data will be appended at the end, tb+ Read and Write: File should exist, Both read and write operations can be performed wb+ Write and Read: File created if not exist, If file exist, file is truncated. ab+ Write and Read: File created if does not exist, If file exist data is truncated,Pickle Module: Python pickle is used to serialize and deserialize a python object structure. Any object on python can be pickled so that it can be saved on disk. Pickling: Pickling is the process whereby a Python object hierarchy is converted into a byte stream. It is also known as serialization Unpickling: A byte stream is converted into object hierarchy. To use the pickling methods in a program, we have to import pickle module using import keyword. Example: import pickle In this module,we shall discuss two functions of pickle module, which are: i) dump0:To store/write the object data to the file. ii) load():To read the object data from a file and returns the object data. Syntax: Write the object to the file: pickle. dump(objname, file-object ) Read the object from a file: pickle load(file-object) Write data to a Binary File: Example: import pickle list =[] # empty list while True: roll = input("Enter student Roll No:") sname=input("Enter student Name:") student={"roll":roll, "name":sname} #ereate a dictionary list.append(student) Hadd the dictionary as an element in the list choice=input("Want to add more record(y/n):") iffchoice=='n). break Jfile=open("student.dat”"wb") Hopen file in binary and write mode pickle.dump(list, fle) file.close() ouTPU Enter student Roll No: 1201 Enter student Name: Anil Want to add more recordtyin): yEnter student Roll No: 1202 Enter student Name: Sunil Want to add more record(y/n): n Read data from a Binary File: To read the data from a binary file, we have to use load() function Example: import pickle {file = open("student.dat”, "rb") list =pickle.load(file) print(list) file.close() OUTPUT: [{(roll'1201" name’ Anil’},{'roll’1202'’name''Sunil"}] Update a record in Binary File: def updated. name=input("Enter the name to be updated ") newstu=[] while True: try: stu=p.load(p) for iin stu: if i[1] lower ==name.lower() rno=int(input("Enter the updated Roll number") s=[rno,name] newstu.append(s) else: newstu.append(i) except break ficlose) fropen("student.dat”,"rb+") update) p.dump(newstuf) print(“Record updated") felosed OUTPUT: Enter the name to be updated Sunil Enter the updated Roll number 1204 Record updatedDelete a record from binary file: import pickle def deletestudent(): roll=input(‘Enter roll number whose record you want to delete:') list = pickle.load(fw) found=0 Ist= [] for x in list ifroll not in x{'roll’. Ist.append(x) else: found=1 _fw=open("“student.dat”,"rb+") delestudent() pickle.dump (st) fiw.close() if found==1: print(“Record Deleted”) else: print(“Record not found") OUTPUT: Enter roll number whose record you want to delete:1201 Record Deleted