Practical No 16: Execute Network and communication command using

Ubuntu

I. Practical Significance:
Executing network commands in Ubuntu has practical significance in a variety of contexts,
especially when managing, troubleshooting, or configuring networking environments.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

Discipline knowledge: Apply Computer Programming knowledge to solve the computer
group related problems.
Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results
to solve the computer group related problems.
Engineering tools: Apply relevant Computer programming/technologies and tools with
an understanding of the limitations.
Individual and Team work: Function effectively as a leader and team member in
diverse/multidisciplinary teams.
Communication: Communicate effectively in oral and written form.

III. Competency and Practical Skills:

Manage operations of Operating System.
The practical is expected to develop the following skills:
1. Able to execute networking commands on Ubuntu
IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)
Apply Networking Commands

V. Practical Outcome(PrOs)
Write and execute networking commands by using following commands ping, netstat,
traceroute, nslookup, ipconfig, nmcli

VI. Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

1. Follow precautionary measures.
2. Follow naming conventions.
3. Follow ethical practices.

VII. Minimum Theorotical Background

Basic Networking Concepts

 IP Addressing: Every device on a network needs a unique identifier called an IP

address (Internet Protocol address). There are two versions: IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
and IPv6 (e.g., fe80::a00:27ff:fe4e:66e7).
 Subnetting: Networks are divided into subnets for better management. A subnet
mask (e.g., 255.255.255.0) helps devices identify which part of the IP address
represents the network and which part represents the host.
 Default Gateway: This is the device (usually a router) that connects a local
network to other networks, including the internet.
  DNS (Domain Name System): Converts human-readable domain names (like
google.com) into IP addresses.
 Ports and Protocols: Services on a computer are accessible through ports (e.g.,
HTTP runs on port 80, HTTPS on port 443). Protocols like TCP/IP govern the
rules for communication between devices.

Network Communication

 Client-Server Model: Devices can communicate via client-server protocols (e.g., a

web browser being a client, a web server providing content).
 Protocols: Common protocols you should be familiar with include:
o TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented.
o UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Faster, connectionless, but less reliable.
o ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Used for error messages and
diagnostic tools (e.g., ping).

Common Tools and Their Purposes

 ping: Tests basic network connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests.

 traceroute: Shows the path that packets take to reach a destination and helps diagnose
where delays occur.
 ifconfig / ip: These commands configure and display the status of network interfaces.
 netstat: Displays information about network connections, routing tables, and listening
ports.
 nslookup / dig: Query DNS servers to resolve domain names.
 iptables / ufw: Firewall management commands for controlling network traffic based
on rules.

Basic Linux Command Line Skills

 You should be familiar with basic shell commands for managing files and executing
programs (e.g., ls, cd, cat, sudo).
 Commands for interacting with network services are typically executed as superuser
(root) using sudo.
 X Program Code: Teacher must assign a separate program statement to students.
1) Write command to check IP configuration
2) Write a command to check active Network Connections
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XI Result (Output of Code)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
XII Practical Related Questions
1)Give Output of following command
host google.com
2)What does the traceroute command output mean?
3) How would you check the IP address and network interface configuration of your Ubuntu machine
using the terminal? Provide the command and describe the output.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XIII Exercise
Execute for following
1) What does the netstat command do in Ubuntu? How would you use it to display all active network
connections on your system?
2)Write a steps to set up file sharing using samba
3) Write the command to restart the networking service on Ubuntu. Why would you need to restart the
networking service?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------