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1. What do you mean by orthographic and oblique projection?

2. What are principle plane of projection?

3. What do you mean by four quadrants?

4. What do you mean by first angle and third angle projection systems?

5. Normally projection in 1st angle or 3rd angle projection system. Why not in IInd and IVth angle
projection systems.

6. Students should know to draw the projection of a point, when point lies in either of four

quadrants.

7. What do you mean by HT & VT of a line and a plane? What is difference in the shape of

Trace of line and trace of a plane.

8. What are different types of planes?

9. What are auxiliary planes? What is use of these planes?

10. What is difference between line, plane and solid?

11. What is difference between prism and pyramid?

12. What do you mean by right & regular prism, pyramid,cone & cylinder?

13. What is difference between cone & cylinder?

14. What do you mean by generator of a cone?

15. What is difference between frustum of a cone and truncated cone?

16. Why a section of a section of machine part is taken

17. Students should know to find true length and true inclination of a line when projection of a line
when projections of a line are given and vice-versa.

18. What are standards specification of drawing board, drawing sheets, and pencils?

19. What is difference between true inclination of a line and apparent angles?angle
Q1. What are projection, projector and plane of projection?

Answer. projection is an image or a view. Projectors are the lines drawn from each and every pointof the
object. These lines are perpendicular to the plane of projection & parallel to each other.Plane of
projection (POP) is the plane on which image is drawn.

Q.2 Differentiate first and third angle projection.

Answer i.) Object is placed in first and third quadrant in first and third angle projection
respectively.ii.)Object is in between POP and observer in first angle projection, whereas in third
angle projection POP is in between object and observer. iii.)In first angle projection, Plan (Top View)is
below the Elevation (Front View).Right side view is on the left of elevation and Left side viewis on the
right of the elevation. iv) In third angle projection , Plan (Top View) is above theElevation (Front
View).Right side view is on the right of front view (elevation) and Left sideview is on the left of the
elevation.

Q3.What is orthographic projection and why it is called so?

Answer. An orthographic projection is called so because projectors drawn from the corners of anobject
are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection(HP or VP)Q.

Q4. Define point, line, plane & solid.

Answer. Point- it is a geometrical entity which is dimensionless. We cannot give dimension to a point. It
is known as 0-D (zero dimension) entity. Line- a line is shortest distance between two points. It is a
geometrical entity which is 1-D (length only). Plane- it is a geometrical entitywhich is 2-D (length x
breadth) or have a area only. It has two types 1. Principle plane- HP, VP& PP (profile plane).
orthographic views are drawn on it2. Secondary plane(plane lamina) Solid-it is a geometrical entity
which is 3-D (length x breadth x height) or have a definite volume.

Q5.. What Are Different Methods Of Dimensioning?

Answer :There are two methods of dimensioning:

Unidirectional system: All the dimensions are placed in one direction only. These are normally put from
left to right whether written on a horizontal/vertical/inclined dimension.

Aligned system: The dimensions are placed perpendicular to the dimension line. On a horizontal
dimension, it is horizontal while on a vertical dimension, it is in the vertical direction.
Aligned system of dimensioning is more common

Q 6. Name The Principal Planes Of Projection.

Answer :The principal planes of projection are three:

P.—Vertical plane for a front view

P.—Horizontal plane for the top view of the object.

P.—Profile plane for left or right side view of an object.

Q7.. What Is Difference Between A Plane And A Lamina?

Answer :

Plane is a two dimensional figure with limited/ unlimited two dimensions.

Lamina is also a two dimensional figure with limited two dimensions. For example a sheet of paper is a
lamina.

Q8. What Is Meant By Conventions In Drawings?

Answer :There are standard symbols as per national or international codes. There are standard symbols
for types of lines, types of letters, types of materials, types of sections, types of joints used in industry as
well as daily life. These conventions make the study easy, simple and convenient.

Q9. Why The Drawing Is Called The Language Of Engineers?

Answer :It is because drawing helps in conveying one’s ideas in an easy, convenient and speedily
manner. It also makes study simple as it uses international standard conventions and symbols.

Q10. What Is The Trace Of A Line?

Answer : Trace of a line is the point where line meets the plane on extending the line.

If the line is inclined to H.P., it will have a H.T., (horizontal trace).

If the line is inclined to V.P., it will have a V.T., (Vertical trace).

If the line lies in a horizontal plane, it will have a horizontal trace as a line itself.

If the line lies in a vertical plane, it will have a vertical trace as a line itself

Q11. Define Representative Fraction (r.f.)?

Answer :

It is a ratio of size taken on drawing sheet to the actual size of the object.

R.F. < 1 for big objects like airplane, ship, tree, lathe etc.

R.F. = 1 for objects in common use. May be a book, shoe, pencil, pen, cell phone, remote etc.

R.F.>1 for small size objects like a wrist watch, pencil cell, thread needle, button etc.

Q12. What Are A Single And A Double Stroke Letters?

Answer : A letter written in one stroke of the pencil is a single stroke letter.

A letter written in two strokes of the pencil is a double stroke letter.

Q13. Why Are The Projections Of Objects Not Drawn In Second And Fourth Angle Of Projections?

Answer :Front view and top view will overlap each other and thus there will be no clarity and it will all be
only confusion.

Q14. What Is A Plane?

Answer :It is a two dimensional figure which has area only such as a triangle, square, trapezium, circle,
(object of negligible thickness such as sheet of paper, thin plastic sheet).

Q15. What Are Applications Of Scales?

Answer :

Scales can be used for the following purposes:

To draw an object on a full, reduced and enlarged scale.

To measure distances.

To mark dimensions on the drawing

Q 16. What Are Different Types Of Scales?

Answer :

Different styles of scales are:

Plain scale: In which, one can measure certain units and its one tenth value. For example a scale in cm
and mm is a plain scale, m and dm is another plain scale.

Diagonal scale: In which, one can measure certain units, its one tenth value as well as its one hundredth
value. For example a scale in m, dm and cm is a diagonal scale, dm, and cm and mm is another diagonal
scale.

Comparative or Corresponding scale: These are two different scales having same R.F. but different units.
These can be placed side by side or placed over one and another.

For example: in miles and kilometres.

These scales can be plain scales or diagonal scales.

Vernier scales: It is a scale which is extremely accurate for measurement. It uses a Vernier calliper.
Vernier calliper is an instrument to measure a dimension very precisely. Normally its least count is 1/100
of the scale unit. Say a scale is in cm, then a Vernier can measure very accurately up to 1/100 of a cm i.e.
2.12 cm.

Q17. What Are The Requirements For The Construction Of A Scale?

Answer :

(i) Maximum distance to be measured

(ii) R.F.( representative fraction) of the scale

Units of scale i.e. mm, cm, m, km

Q18. List Out The Contents Of Title Block.

Answer : The title block should contain the following information:

Name of the institution

Title of drawing

Name, Branch, section and Roll no. of the student

Type of scale used

Drawing number

Type of symbol for the method of projection

Q19. What Do You Mean By Convention/ Code?

Answer :

The representation of any matter by some standard sign or symbol on the drawing is known as
convention or code. The conventions make the drawing simple and easy to draw.

Q20. What Do You Understand By Thickness Of Lines?

Answer :

There are three distinct thickness of lines used in engineering drawing. These lines are specified as thick,
medium and thin lines. The line specified as thick is usually 3 times thicker and the line specified as
medium is 2 times thicker than a thin line.

Q21. What Is Layout Of Drawing Sheet?

Answer :

(i) Leave the following margins

1cm on top

1cm on bottom
1cm on right

3cm on left

(i) Make a title block(rectangle) of size 65 mm high and 185 mm width on the right bottom side for title
block, parts list

Q22. Why Is The Layout Of Sheet Is Necessary?

Answer :Layout of the drawing on the drawing sheet is necessary in order to make its reading easy and
fast. The title blocks, parts list etc will provide all the required information.

Q23. What Are The Positions Of A Line With Respect To Hp And Vp?

Answer :

Line parallel to both HP and VP

Line inclined to one plane and parallel to the other plane

Line inclined to both HP and VP

Write some important observations regarding projections of a straight line.

Projection on a plane will be the true length to which plane line is parallel.

Projection on a plane to which it is inclined will be less than the true length. If the line is inclined to HP,
its top view on HP will be shorter than the true length.

Projection will be a point on the plane to which line is perpendicular.

Q24. What Is The Most Important Type Of Problems On The Projections Of A Straight Line?

Answer :There are two main types of problems on the projections of a straight line:

The projections of a line are given. Find the true length and its true inclinations with HP and VP.

The true length and its true inclinations with HP and VP are given. Draw its projections.
Q25. Define Engineering Drawing. Why Drawing Is Called Universal Language Of Engineers?

Answer :

Engineering drawing is a graphical language of an engineer to convey one’s ideas most effectively, easily,
conveniently and with high speed.

So Engineering drawing is a starting point of all engineering branches such as Mechanical, Production,
Civil, Electrical, Electronics, Computer science, Chemical etc.

It is spoken, read, and written in its own way. Engineering drawing has its own grammar in terms of
projections, conventional representations, types of lines, abbreviations, symbols and various geometric
constructions.

Q26. Name Different Drawing Instruments.?

Answer :Drawing board, drawing sheet, mini-drafter, scale, pencil and sand paper block, cello-tape,
eraser and compass.

Q27. What Are The Standard Sizes Of Drawing Sheets According To I.s.i. And Which Is Suitable For
Drawing Work?

Answer :

The standard size of sheets according to I.S.I. are:

A0 (1189 X 841),

A1 (841 X 594),

A2 (594 X 420),

A3 (420 X 297),

A4 (297 X 210) and

A5 (210 X 148).

Drawing sheet of size 594 X 420 i.e. A2 size is generally used by engineering students as it is very handy
and easy for drawing work in class.