PROGRAMMING

(Part-II)
meial,a l%uf,aL NdIdj
y÷kajk (Identifiers)

• wejqreKq mo fhdod.; fkdyel'

• bx.%Sis fydaäfha wlaIrhlska wdrïN l< hq;=h'
• m<uq wlaIrhg miqj b,lalï fyda ( _ ) Ndú; l<
yel'
• wlaIr fNaoh n, fkdmdhs'

wejqreKq mo (Reserved words)

meial,a NdIdfõ Ndú; lrk wejqreKq mo meial,a NdIdj

y÷kajd §u i|yd Ndú;d flf¾. tneúka tjd yÿkajk
i|yd Ndú; fkdflf¾'

meial,a NdIdfõ iïu; o;a; m%rEm

• Integer- Ok fyda iDK ksÅ, ixLHd
• Real - Ok fyda iDK oYu ixLHd
• Boolean
• Char - h;=remqjrefõ we;s ´kEu wkq,laIKhla
• String - ´kEu wkq,laIK wkql%uhla
l%uf,aLkfha§ fhdod.kakd úp,H yd ksh;
úp,H (Variables)

l%uf,aLhla l%h
s d;aul jk úg y÷kajk i|yd mjrk ,o
w.hka fjkia jk y÷kajk úp,H f,i ye¢kafõ'

wejqreKq moh - Var

ksh; (Const)

l%uf,aLhla l%h
s d;aul jk úg y÷kajk i|yd mjrk ,o
w.hka fjkia fkdjk y÷kajk ksh; f,i ye¢kafõ'

wejqreKq moh - Const

ldrl (Operaters)
wxl .‚;uh ldrl
tl;= lsÍu → +
wvq lsÍu → -
.=K lsÍu → ×
fn§u → /
mQ¾K ixLHduh fn§u→ DIV
fn§fuka miq fYaIh → MOD

iei֕ ldrl

úYd, → >
úYd, fyda iudk → >=
l=vd → <
l=vd fyda iudk → <=
iudk → =
wiudk → <>
;d¾lsl ldrl
AND ldrlh

m<uq m%ldYkh fojk m%ldYkh (m<uq m%ldYkh) AND

(fojk m%ldYkh)

wi;H wi;H wi;H

wi;H i;H wi;H

i;H wi;H wi;H

i;H i;H i;H

OR ldrlh
m<uq m%ldYkh fojk m%ldYkh (m<uq m%ldYkh) OR (fojk
m%ldYkh)

wi;H wi;H wi;H

wi;H i;H i;H

i;H wi;H i;H

i;H i;H i;H

NOT ldrlh
m%ldYkh NOT (m%ldYkh)
wi;H i;H

i;H wi;H

ldrl m%uqL;dj

m%uqL;d uÜgu ldrl

1 NOT
2 * , / , DIV , MOD , AND
3 + , - , OR
4 = , <> , < , <= , > , >=
meial,a l%uf,aLhl wvx.= uQ,sl fldgia
program addNum (input,output); l%uf,aLfha ku
Var num1,num2,total : integer;  úp,H y÷kajd §u
Avg: real;
Begin  m%Odk l%uf,aLfha wdrïNh
Write(‘Welcome Pascal Programming’):
újrK oelaùu → {calculate total and average of two numbers}
Writeln(‘Enter First Number’);
Read(num1); wdodk
Writeln(‘Enter second Number’);
Read(num2);
m%;o
s dk Total :- num1 + num2;  l%shdj,sh oelafjk m%ldY
Avg :- total/2:
Writeln(‘total is’ , total);
Writeln(“average is” .avg);
End  l%uf,aLfha wjidkh

• újrK oelaùug (*..........*) Ndú;d flf¾'

• m%ldYkhla wjidkfha ,l=K fhÈh hq;=h'
jrK md,k jHQyh iïnkaO jk l%uf,aL
ks¾udKh
ir, m%ldYh

IF… THEN… ENDIF

fuys§ fldkafoaish ;Dma; kï muKla m%ldYkh
l%shd;aul fõ'

IF… THEN.. ELSE… ENDIF

fuys§ fldkafoaish ;Dma; kï m%ldYkh ^1& o ;Dma;

fkdfõkï m%ldYkh ^2& o l%hs d;aul fõ.

NESTED IF

fuys§ fldkafoaishlg miqj ;j;a fldkafoaishla jYfhka

fldkafoais iuQyhla fhfok wjia:djla Ndú;d flf¾'
mqk¾lrK Ndú;fhka l%uf,aL ,sùu
FOR-DO jHQyh

mqk¾lrK jdr .Kk ksYaÑ;j okakd wjia:d j,§

Ndú;d fõ'

Wod( 10 isg 1 olajd w.hka m%;sodkh lsÍu'

Program printReverse (input,output);

Var count : integer;
Begin
For count := 10 downto 1 do
Writeln(count);
End.

WHILE-DO jHQyh
mqk¾lrK jdr .Kk ksYaÑ;j fkdokakd wjia:d j,§
Ndú;d fõ'
 Wod(
number :=1;
while number <= 10 do
number := number + 1;

• number úp,Hfha wdrïNl w.h 1 neúka fldkafoaish

i;H fõ'
• tu ksid mqk¾lrKh wdrïN fõ'
• mqk¾lrKh jk jdrhla mdid number ys w.hg 1 la
tl;= fõ'
• tneúka number ys w.h 10 fyda 10 g jvd wvq jk
úg mqk¾lrKh isÿ fõ'
• number úp,Hfha w.h 11 jq úg mqk¾lrKh kj;S'

Repeat Until jHQyh

Wod : meial,a hk jpkh mqk¾lrKh ùu'

count := 0;
Repeat
writeln (‘Pascal’);
count := count+1
Until count > 5;
 • count úp,Hfha wdrïNl w.h 0 fõ'
• Pascal hk jpkh ;srh u; o¾Ykh fõ'
• count úp,Hfha w.hg 1 la tl;= fõ'
• count úp,Hfha w.h 5 g úYd, fõ oehs
mÍlaId flf¾'
• fufia count úp,Hfha w.h 5 jk f;la
mqk¾lrKh isÿfõ'
• count w.h 6 jQ úg mqk¾lrKh ùu kj;S'
• mqk¾lrKh kj;sk úg Pascal hk jpkh ;srh
u; 6 jrla o¾Ykh fõ'

kSä; md,k jHqyj, (Nested Control

Structures) wjYH;dj

.eg¨jl iajNdjh u; jrKhlska miqj mqk¾lrKhla

fyda mqk¾lrKhlska miqj jrKhla fhÈh yel' fujeks
wjia:dj, kSä; md,k jHQy fhdod.ekSug isÿ fõ'
jrKh ;=< mqk¾lrK fhdod .ekSu
Wod( mßYS,lf.a f;aÍu wkqj m%;sodkh" wdfrdayK fyda
wjfrdayK ixLHd wkql%uhla ,eîu

program orderNos(input,output);
var num:integer;
cho:char;
begin
writeln('Select Assending(A) or
Desending(D)');
read(cho);
if cho = 'A' then
begin
writeln('Asending
Order');
for num := 1 to 6 do
writeln(num);
end;
if cho = 'D' then
begin
writeln('Desending
Order');
for num := 6 downto 1 do
writeln(num);
end;
end.
mqk¾lrKh ;=< jrKh fhdod .ekSu

Wod( mßYS,l úiska wdodkh lrkq ,nk ixLHd T;af;a

ixLHd o" brÜfÜ ixLHd o" hkak y÷kd .ekSu yd T;af;a
yd brÜfÜ ixLHd m%udK fjk fjk u .Kkh lsÍu.

program rep_sel(input,output);
var num,rem,count,e_count,o_count:integer;
begin
e_count := 0, o_count :} 0;
for count := 1 to 10 do
begin
writeln('Enter Number');
read(num);
rem := num mod 2;
if rem = 0 then
begin
writeln('Even number');
e_count := e_count + 1;
end
else
begin
writeln('Odd number');
o_count := o_count + 1;
end;
end;
writeln(e_count,'Even Number/s');

writeln((o_count ,'Odd Number/s');

end.
wrdj (Array) Ndú;h
wrdjka Ndú;fha wjYH;dj

• tl u m%rEmhg wh;a o;a; tl u kula fhdod

.ksñka u;lh ;=< ;eïm;a lsÍug wrdj Ndú;
flf¾'
• tla tla o;a;h i|yd fjk fjk u úp,H kdu
fjkqjg ;ks úp,H kduhla hgf;a wjYH
m%udKhlg o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍug wrdjla Ndú;fhka
yels fõ'

taludk wrdjla w¾: oelaùu

wkql%ñl j ksYaÑ; m%udKhl tl u m%rEmhlg wh;a

o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd Ndú; lrk o;a; jHqyhls'

Wod -- var marks : array [0''9] of integer;

² fuu.ska mQ¾K ixLHd;aul w.hka 10 la we;=<;a l<

yels mark kï jQ wrdj iEfoa'
wrdjl ,laIK

• wrdjl fldgia tkï wjhj (Element) hdno j

msysghs'
• wrdjl o¾Ylh (Index) tkï" wkqms<sfj< wxlh
wrdfõ ku iu. fldgq jryka ;=< olajkq ,efí'

wrdjlg w.hka mejÍu (Assign values to an

array)

wrdjl wjhjj,g fjk fjk u w.hhka mjrkq ,efí'

wrdjl w.hka m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu (Display values in
an array)

Wod -- mka;shl isiqka 35 fofkl=f.a f;dr;=re yd

ikaksfõok ;dlaIK úIhhg ,nd .;a ,l=Kq we;=<;a lr
jeä u ,l=K iy ,l=Kqj, idudkH w.h .Kkh lsÍu'

program ictMarks(input,output);
var marks:array[0..34] of integer;
i,tot,max:integer;
avg:real;
begin
for i := 0 to 34 do
begin
writeln('Enter Marks');
read(marks[i]); (* Read Marks to array *)
tot := tot + marks[i]; (* Add marks *)
end;
avg := tot/35;
max := marks[0];
for i := 1 to 34 do
 if marks[i] > max then max := marks[i];
writeln('Maximum marks = ', max);
writeln('Average marks = ',avg);
end

Wml%uf,aL Ndú;h
Wml%uf,aL j¾.

• m%;sodkhla wdmiq ,nd Èh yels Wml%uf,aL Y%s;

^Function& f,i o"
• m%;sodkhla wdmiq ,nd Èh fkdyels Wml%uf,aL ld¾h
mámdáh ^Procedure& f,i o ye¢kafõ'

Wml%uf,aL y÷kajd §u

m%Odk l%uf,aLh wdrïN lsÍug m%:ufhka Y%s; iy ld¾h

mámdá y÷kajd Èh hq;= h' m%Odk l%uf,aLh ;=< §
Wml%uf,aLj,g weu;sh^Calling the function or
Procedure& hq;= h'
ld¾h mámdáhla y÷kajd §u i|yd ksjerÈ ldrl Í;sh:

Procedure Name_of_Procedure (name_of_variable: data type);

Y%s;hla y÷kajd §u i|yd ksjerÈ ldrl Í;sh:

Function Name_of_Function(name_of_variable : data type) : data type ;