Reynold's Apparatus

REYNOLD'S APPARATUS
OBJECTIVE:To study different types of flow.
AIM:
12. To
To
determine the Reynold's Number & hence the type of flow
study transition zone.
INTRODUCTION:
From an engineering viewpoint, many variables that affect velocity profile cannot be
evaluated for all possible flow meters and for all pipe conditions. For this reason, steady flow and
a fully developed flow profile as defined by a Newtonian, homogeneous fluid, are initially assumed
number. This number
oicient variation can then be predicted with the dimensionless Reynolds
nas been found to be an acceptable correlating parameter that combines the effects of VIScOsity,
density and pipeline velocity.
THEORY:
observed to be
Reynolds experiments, the ratio of inertia to viscous forces
was
In
dimensionless and related to viscosity, average pipeline velocity.
and geometrically similar
dimensionless ratio is Re is
boundary conditions. For a homogeneous Newtonian fluid, this
expressed as:
Re= PdV
Where, V = #
Re
Where
in kg/m.
p Density of fluid
m/sec.
V= Average velocity of fluid flow in
D Diameter of glass tube in m
N-sec/m2.
=
Viscosity of fluid in
of fluid, m-/sec.
v =Kinematic viscosity laminar flow.
Re Less than 2100 for
Re More than 4000 for turbulent flow
Re 2100-4000 in transition zone
state of flow,and
flows in the Reynolds experiment, it indicates critical
When the dye filament critical Reynolds number Re 2000, beyond
number is called the
the corresponding
Reynolds
then becomes turbulent.
transition state and
which the flow is in
flow can occur in two
relative magnitudes of viscous and inertial forces,
Depending upon the in the direction of flowat every point
as a line, which lies
defined
Laminar flow is needs not be straight
flow in which the streamlines
manners.
different
Transition flow is defined as a in the initial zone of
at a given instant. this criterion is fulfilled. Eddies generated
long
as as
a disruption of the entire flow
as the flow steady the fluid, thereby producing
throughout motion of translation,
instability spread rapidly turbulence superimposed
upon the primary
result is fluid
pattern. The turbulent flow.
producing what
is called
DESCRIPTION:
The apparatus consists of sump tank with centrifugal pump, a glass tube with one end having
bell mouth entrance connected to a constant head tank. At the other end of the glass tube a valve
isprovided toregulate flow. Flow rate of water can be measured with the help of measuring cylinder
and stop watch, supplied with the set-up. A needle is introduced centrally in the bell mouth. Dye is
fed to the needle from a small container, placed at the top of constant head tank,
through polythene
tubing
UTILITIES REQUIRED
1. Electricity Supply: Single Phase 220 V AC, 50Hz, 5-15 Amp. Combined socketwith earth
connection. Earth voltage should be less than 5 volts.
2. Water Supply: Initial Fill.
3. Floor Drain Required.
4. Floor Area Required: 1.5 mx 0.75 m
5. Chemical Required: Dye (KMnO4) 10 gm -
ExPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
STARTING PRoCEDURE:
1. Close all the valve.

2. Fill sump tank with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles arethere.
Put this solution in Dyevessel after
3. Prepare dye solution (KMnO4 in water) in a beaker.
ensuring that there are no solid particles in solution.
4. Open by pass valve.
5. Ensure that On/Off switch given on the panel is at OFF position.
on the pump.
6. Switch ON the main power supply and then switch
head tank, partially close bypass valve and
7. Open control valve for water supply to constant
wait till overflow occurs.
tube by partial opening ofcontrol valve
8. Regulate minimum flow of water through glass
provided at the end of tube. that fine colourthread is
9. Then adjust the flow of dye through needle by knob, so a
observed.
transition or turbulent).
10. Note the flow pattern observed (laminar,
and stop watch.
11. Measure flow Rate using measuring cylinder
12. Repeat the experiment for different flow rate.
CLoSING PRoCEDURE
1. Switch off pump.
2. Switch off power supply to panel.
3. Drain the apparatus completely by drain valves
OBSERVATION & CALCULATIONS:
DATA:
ambient temp. v =
1.01E-06 m/s
Kinematic viscosity of water at
= 0.0128m
Dia. of glass tubed
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Sr. No. Vo (m) t (s) Observed Flow Type
(Laminar/Transition/Turbulent)
1
2
3
CALCULATIONS:
Q=Vo 10/t (m°/s)
A =D (m
v
Re
NoMENCLATURE:
Nom Column Headings Units Type

Cross-sectional area of glass tube m Calculated
m Given
Diameter of glass tube
m/s Calculated
Q Discharge
Unit less Calculated
Re Reynold's number
Measured
Time taken for Vo
V m/s Calculated
Average velocity of fluid flow
m Measured
Vo Volume of water collected in measuring cylinder
m/s Given
V Kinematic viscosity of water
RESULTS:

Reynold's Apparatus

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REYNOLD'S APPARATUS

OBJECTIVE:To study different types of flow.

density and pipeline velocity.

1. Close all the valve.

Nom Column Headings Units Type

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