Chemistry Investigatory Project: To Study The Rate of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
Chemistry Investigatory Project: To Study The Rate of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
Chemistry Investigatory Project: To Study The Rate of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Principal
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to everyone
who contributed to the completion of this Chemistry Project.
Sincerely,
Cristin Thomas
• Introduction
• Properties of solutions
• Objective
• Experiment 1
• Experiment 2
• Experiment 3
• Result
• Bibliography
AIM
Study of Diffusion of solids in liquids
INTRODUCTION
When substances are brought in contact with each other they intermix, this
property is known as Diffusion. This property of diffusion takes place very
rapidly in case of gases and to a lesser extent in case of liquids, whereas
solids do not show this process of diffusion with each other. But what we
can observe in case of solids is that the diffusion of solids in liquids takes
place at a very slow rate.
Properties of Solutions
Pure liquids have a set of characteristic physical properties (melting point,
vapour pressure at a given temperature, etc.). Solutions in a solvent exhibit
these same properties, but the values differ from those of the pure solvent
because of the presence of the solute. Moreover, the change observed in
these properties in going from the pure solvent to a solution is dependent
only upon the number of solute molecules; these properties are called
colligative properties. The properties of a solvent that show a predictable
change upon th e addition of a solute are melting point, boiling point,
vapour pressure, and osmotic pressure.
Melting and boiling points. Solutions exhibit higher boiling points and
lower melting points than the parent solvent. The increase in boiling point
and decrease in melting point is dependent upon the number of solute
particles in the solution. The greater the number of solute particles (i.e., the
concentration), the greater will be the boiling point elevation and melting
point depression. A common application of this effect in some parts of the
world is in the use of antifreeze solutions in the cooling systems of
automobiles in cold climates.
"Antifreeze" compounds are usually organic liquids that are miscible with
water so that large freezing point effects can be attained.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate that rate of diffusion depends upon the following
factors:-
Mass of the particle: As the mass of the particle increases, the rate of
diffusion decreases; as the particle becomes less mobile.
EXPERIMENT 1
To study diffusion when copper sulphate is brought in contact with water
(liquid)
REQUIREMENTS:
Copper sulphate crystals, 100ml beaker.
PROCEDURE:
• Ø Take about 2g of copper sulphate crystals in 100ml beaker.
• Ø Add about 50ml of water and allow it to stand for few minutes.
• Ø Note the development of blue colour in water.
• Ø Allow to stand further till it is observed that all copper sulphate
disappears.
• Ø Note the blue colour change in water.
CONCLUSION:
When solids such as copper sulphate, potassium permanganate are brought
in contact with liquids such as water, intermixing of substances, i.e.
diffusion takes place.
EXPERIMENT 2
To study the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion of solids in
liquids
REQUIREMENTS:
Copper sulphate crystals, 200ml beaker, watch glass, wire gauge, burner,
tripod stand, thermometer and stop watch.
PROCEDURE:
• Ø Take 5g of copper sulphate each in three beakers.
• Ø Pour 100ml of distilled water slowly in one of the beakers.
• Ø Cover this beaker with a watch glass.
• Ø Pour 100ml of cold water in a second beaker slowly.
• Ø Place a third beaker containing 100ml of water on a tripod stand for
heating.
• Ø Observe the diffusion process which begins in all the beakers.
• Ø Record the time taken for the dissolution of copper sulphate in all the
three cases.
OBSERVATIONS:
Sl. No. Temperature of Time Taken in
water Minutes
1. 25 0C 15 Min.
2. 10 0C 20 Min.
3. 70 0C 10 Min.
CONCLUSION:
The rate of diffusion of copper sulphate in water is in the order as given
below:
REQUIREMENTS:
Graduated 100ml measuring cylinders, copper sulphate crystals of different
sizes, stop watch
PROCEDURE:
• Ø Add 50ml of water to each of the three cylinders.
• Ø Take 5g each of big size, medium size, small size crystals of copper
sulphate and add them separately in three cylinders.
• Ø Allow to stand for some time.
• Ø Note the time taken for blue colour to reach an y fixed mark in each
of the cylinders and note the observations.
OBSERVATION:
Sl. No. Crystal size Time Taken in
Minutes
1. Big 20 Min.
2. Medium 15 Min.
3. Small 10 Min.
CONCLUSION:
The rate of diffusion of copper sulphate in water is in the order as given
below:
CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY (H C
VERMA)
CHEMISTRY CLASS XII NCERT
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