NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
MARKING GUIDELINES

NOVEMBER 2024

MARKS: 150

This Marking guideline consists of 11 pages.

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SECTION A
QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 B 
1.1.2 D 
1.1.3 A 
1.1.4 A 
1.1.5 C 
1.1.6 D 
1.1.7 B 
1.1.8 A 
1.1.9 C 
1.1.10 B  (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 B 
1.2.2 D 
1.2.3 E 
1.2.4 J 
1.2.5 G  (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Autotrophs 

1.3.2 Inorganic fertiliser
1.3.3 Stamen 
1.3.4 Fertilisation 
1.3.5 Hydroponics  (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Guttation 

1.4.2 Exocarp 
1.4.3 Neutron moisture meter 
1.4.4 Drainage 
1.4.5 Monoculture  (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2 PLANT STUDIES: NUTRITION

2.1 Chemical processes.

2.1.1 Picture A - Respiration (1)

Picture B - Photosynthesis (1)

2.1.2 Importance of process represented by Picture B

 Oxygen is released during photosynthesis. 
 Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. 
 Sugar is formed
 Sugars are stored as starch  Any 2 (2)

2.1.3 Techniques used to manipulate plants to increase the rate of

photosynthesis. (3)
 Trellising
 Pruning
 Greenhouse
 Spacing  Any 3

2.1.4 Chemical equation of respiration.

Carbohydrates + O2 C 2O + H2 O + chemical energy (2)

2.2 The movement of water

2.2.1 Factors that influence the upward movement of water in a plant.

 Root pressure. 
 Capillarity. 
 Adhesion and cohesion.  (3)

2.2.2 Role played by xylem vessels in the upward movement of

water. (2)
 Water moves along xylem vessel to replace water lost via
transpiration. 

2.2.3 Differentiation.
Osmosis – is a process where water molecules move from a higher
water potential to a low water potential through differentially
permeable membrane.  (1)

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Diffusion- is the spontaneous movement of molecules from a region

of high concentration to a region of low concentration.  (1)

2.3 Plant nutrients

2.3.1 A - K++ (1)

B – Boron  (1)
C - A green inverted V-pattern starts on the bases of the leaves.
– Chlorosis.  Any 1 (1)
D. Micro (1)

2.3.2 Methods used by to determine the nutrient status of their soil.

 Soil analysis. 
 Leaf/plant analysis (2)

2.3.3 Factors that could influence the availability of the nutrients.

 Soil pH/Soil reaction
 Soil texture
 Oxidation and reduction. 
 Leaching
 Crop removal  Any 2 (2)

2.3.4 Differentiation.

Passive ion uptake- ions move from a higher to lower concentration, (1)
down the concentration gradient. 

Active ion uptake- is the movement of a nutrient against a

concentration gradient.  (1)

2.4 Green manure

2.4.1 Definition.
Green manure- is the ploughing of a crop into the ground while it is
still green and succulent in the flowering stage (2)

2.4.2 Benefits of green manuring that are not mentioned in the

scenario above.
 It covers the soil surfaces/ prevent soil erosion. 
 It stimulates the growth of micro-organisms in the soil. 
 Increase the nitrogen content of the soil. 
 Improving soil structure  Any 2 (2)

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2.4.3 Types of organic fertiliser.

 Farm manure
 Compost (2)

2.5 Methods of fertiliser application.

2.5.1 Identification of the methods of fertiliser application.

A – Broadcasting  (1)
B – Band application (1)
C – Aerial application (1)

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QUESTION 3: PLANT STUDIES: REPRODUCTION

3.1 Pollination.

3.1.1 Pollination.  (1)

3.1.2 Types of pollination.

 Self-pollination. 
 Cross-pollination.  (2)

3.1.3 Main agents of the pollination.

 Wind
 Water
 Birds
 Animals.  Any 2 (2)

3.2 Vegetative reproduction.

3.2.1  Picture A - Bulb (1)

 Picture B - Stolons (1)
 Picture C - Tubers (1)

3.2.2 Justification of the use of asexual reproduction in plant

propagation.
 Fertilisation does not need to take place. 
 It is important in plant breeding. 
 Pollination agents are not necessary. 
 Large numbers of offspring can be produced quickly. 
 It is faster than sexual reproduction.  Any 2 (2)

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3.3 Ablactation.

3.3.1 Ablactation.  (1)

3.3.2 Climatic factors causing ablactation.

 Frost (2)
 Strong wind

3.3.3 Method to protect their crops from the climatic factors.

 Greenhouse /shade house.  (1)

3.3.4 Factors causing the ablactation except the one in the scenario.
 Biological factor. 
 Soil factor.  (2)

3.4 Types of fruits.

3.4.1 Classification of the types of fruits

 Accessory fruit – Apple. 
 Compound fruit – Pineapple. 
 Simple fruit – Peach.  (3)

3.5 Plant breeding .

3.5.1 Artificial breeding system. (1)

 Hydridisation. 

3.5.2 BT crops.
 Bt maize. 
 Bt cottons.  (2)

3.5.3 Advantages of genetic mutation modified crops.

 Yields are increased. 
 Shelf-life of fruit and vegetables is improved. 
 Crops have a flavour, colour and higher nutritional. 
 Crops have built-in pests and diseases resistance. 
 Fewer crops are lost to insect damage.  Any 3
(3)

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3.5.4 Differentiation.
selection – is the process whereby plants with the best (1)
characteristics are chosen for selection and propagation. 

Hydridisation – is the deliberate crossing of two different varieties of

a plant.  (1)

3.5.5 Definition.

Biotechnology- is the application of technology to modify plants or to

make new plants.  (2)

3.6 Weed

3.6.1 Methods of controlling weeds.

 Chemical control. 
 Biological control. 
 Mechanical control. 
 Integrated weed control.  Any 2 (2)

3.6.2 Harmful effects of weeds on plant growth.

 Weeds can pose serious health risks to humans and
livestock
 Weeds compete with crops for moisture, light, nutrients and
space
 Weeds serve as host plants for insects and other pests.
 Weeds that are thorny pose health hazards to plants.
 Weeds reduce the carrying capacity of natural grazing. 
 Presence of weeds retards the growth of crops Any 2 (2)

3.6.3 Differentiate.

Herbicides- are chemical substances that kill weed. 

Pesticides- are chemicals used to kill pest.  (2)

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QUESTION 4 :OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION

4.1 Soil survey.

4.1.1 Definition.
soil survey is the methodical examination, classification and
description of soil by the physical examination of a soil profile.  (1)

4.1.2 Aim of soil survey.

 To determine the suitability of a soil for agricultural and non-
agricultural purposes.  (1)

4.1.3 Steps that should be followed during soil surveying.

 Aerial photographs of the region are taken and studied. 
 Survey area is visited. 
 Preliminary mapping of the land and veld types is carried
out.
 A soil classification of clearly indicated profile test holes is
used. 
 Soil horizons of the test holes are described. 
 All the information gathered is interpreted to determine the (3)
suitability of the soil.  Any 3

4.2 Irrigation.

4.2.1 Definition.

Irrigation- is the artificial application of water to soil or land.  (1)

4.2.2 Irrigation systems.

 Sprinkler irrigation. 
 Flood / furrow irrigation. 
 Drip irrigation.  Any 2 (2)

4.2.3 Criteria to determine the water quality for irrigation.

 Total dissolved salts. 

 Sodium-adsorption. 
 Toxic ions. 
 Organic and inorganic content.  Any 2 (2)

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4.3 Line graph

A line graph showing the rate of

evapotranspiration for a period of six weeks
14

Evapotranspiration (mm)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Period (Weeks)

4.3.1 Criteria/ marking rubric

 Correct heading. 
 Line graph. 
 X-axis correctly calibrated and labelled(evapotranspiration) 
 Y-axis correctly calibrated and labelled (period). 
 Correct unit (mm /weeks) 
 Accuracy (80% + correctly plotted)  (6)

4.3.2 Highest evapotranspiration.

 Week 1.  (1)

4.3.3 Lowest evapotranspiration.

 Week 6.  (1)

4.4 Drainage

4.4.1 Herringbone.  (1)

4.4.2 Drainage layout.

a. B (1)
b. A (1)

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4.4.3 Types of soil drainage systems.

 Open drains. 
 Rock drains. 
 Pipe drains.  Any 2 (2)

4.5 Crop rotation.

4.5.1 Crop rotation.  (1)

4.5.2 Reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice crop rotation.

 Maintains soil fertility. 
 Control pests. 
 Prevent diseases. 
 Helps to control weeds. 
(2)
 Prevents soil depletion.  Any 2

4.5.3 Factors when planning the crop rotation.

 Profitability. 
 Pest management. 
 Soil moisture and fertility. 
 Residue management. 
 Crop choice.  Any 3
(3)

4.6 Fish farming system.

4.6.1 Aquaculture/ Fish farming system.  (1)

4.6.2 Basic requirements to achieve higher yields.

 Choice or suitable of species. 

 Feed management/good quality feed. 
 Temperature. 
 Dissolved oxygen/oxygen. 
 Water quality/ a good water supply. 
 Marketing analysis/marketing of fish. 
 Relevant knowledge and skills. 
 Reliable power supply.  Any 3 (3)

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4.6.3 Differentiation between

Open through flow system allows water to pass through the system
once before it is discharged.  (1)

Closed system – water is cleaned and reticulated through the

system.  (1)

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TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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