Website : www.aceec.ac.

in

ACE
Engineering College
Ankushapur, Ghatkesar, Telangana 501301 (EAMCET Code: ACEG)
NAAC Accridated with ‘A’ Grade

Department of
Computer Science and Engineering

Programming for Problem Solving

I Year B.Tech. (I - Sem)

Prepared by :
Ms. Shubhangi Mahule
Assistant Professor (M.Tech)

in association with ACE Engineering Academy

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Unit 2 Programming for Problem Solving
Content: For Micro Notes by the
1 Array Student

2 Strings,
3 Structures and union
4 Enumeration data type
5 Pointers:

Array:
• An array is collection of items or elements stored at continuous memory locations.
(or) An array is a group of related data items that share a common name.
• The idea is to declare multiple items of same type together, accessed using a
common name

Memory Adddress

Elements of an array are accessed by specifying the index ( offset ) of the desired
element within square [ ] brackets after the array name.

The types of Arrays

1 One dimensional array
2 Two dimensional array
3 Multi dimensional array

1 One dimensional Array declaration:

Syntax:
Storageclass dataType arrayname[size];
In C, we can declare an array by specifying its type and size or by initializing it or by
both.
Storage class is optional.

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Declaration and Initialization : For Micro Notes by the

Storageclass dataType arrayname[size] = {List of Value}; Student

1. int arr[10]; // declaration for one dimensional array

2. int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40} // declaration and initialization
above is same as “int arr[4] = {10, 20, 30, 40}”
3. int arr[6] = {10, 20, 30, 40}
above is same as “int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 0, 0}”
Write statement for declaring an array for floating point and character data
(value).

Accessing Array Elements:

Array elements are accessed by using an integer index. Array index starts with 0 and
goes till size of array minus 1.
Ex1: program for how to assign the array element
int main()
{
int arr[5];
arr[0] = 5;
arr[2] = -10;
arr[3/2] = 2; // this is same as arr[1] = 2

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arr[3] = arr[0]; For Micro Notes by the

printf(“%d %d %d %d”, arr[0], arr[1], arr[2], arr[3]); Student

return 0;
}
Output:

Ex2: Reading the element into an array and print all the element of array
#include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
int i,j;
/* initialize elements of array n to 0 */
for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
{
n[ i ] = i + 10; /* set element at location i to i + 100 */
}
/* output each array element’s value */
for (j = 0; j < 10; j++ )
{
printf(“Element[%d] = %d\n”, j, n[j] );
}
return 0;
}
Output:

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For Micro Notes by the

Student

2 Two – Dimensional Array:

To store tables we need two dimensional arrays. Each table consists of rows
and columns. Two dimensional arrays are declare as
Syntax:
Storageclass datatype arrayname [row-size][col-size];

Initializing Two Dimensional Arrays:

• They can be initialized by following their declaration with a list of initial values
enclosed in braces.
Ex:- int table[2][3] = {0,0,0,1,1,1};
• Initializes the elements of first row to zero and second row to one. The initialization
is done by row by row. The above statement can be written as
int table[2][3] = {{0,0,0},{1,1,1}};
• When all elements are to be initialized to zero, following short-cut method may be
used.
int m[3][5] = {{0},{0},{0}};

Ex: Write a program for reading and printing 2-D array.

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Student

Output:

3 Multi-Dimensional Array:
• C allows arrays of three or more dimensions. The exact limit is determined
by Compiler.
Syntax:
Storageclass datatype array-name[s1][s2][s3] - - - - - [sn];
where s1,s2,...sn is size of dimension.
Ex:- int Survey[3][5][2];

Limitations of Array:
• the dimension of an array is determined the moment the array is created, and
cannot be changed later on;
• the array occupies an amount of memory that is proportional to its size,
independently of the number of elements that are actually of interest;

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• if we want to keep the elements of the collection ordered, and insert a new For Micro Notes by the
Student
value in its correct position, or remove it, then, for each such operation we
may need to move many elements (on the average, half of the elements of the
array); this is very inefficient.
String:
• Strings are declared in a similar manner as arrays. Only difference is that,
strings are of char type.
• Strings are actually one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a null
character (‘\0’).

Declaration and initialization:

char c[] = “abcd”;
OR,
char c[50] = “abcd”;
OR,
char c[] = {‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘\0’};
OR,
char c[5] = {‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘\0’};
char greeting[6] = {‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’, ‘\0’};
(or)
char greeting[] = “Hello”;

The given string is initialized and stored in the form of arrays as below

Note: Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a string constant. The
C compiler automatically places the ‘\0’ at the end of the string when it initializes
the array.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

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 8 Computer Science Engg

char greeting[6] = {‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’, ‘\0’}; For Micro Notes by the
Student
printf(“Greeting message: %s\n”, greeting );
return 0;
}

Output:
Greeting message: Hello

Ex. Write a program to read and print the string using all input output function. (
getchar(), gets(), scanf() with different format specifiers).

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For Micro Notes by the

Student

String Library or Manipulation Function:

C supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated strings

Sr.No. Function & Purpose

1 strcpy(s1, s2);
Copies string s2 into string s1.
2 strcat(s1, s2);
Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1.
3 strlen(s1);
Returns the length of string s1.
4 strcmp(s1, s2);
Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2;
5 strchr(s1, ch);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1.
6 strstr(s1, s2);
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.

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The following example uses some of the above-mentioned functions – For Micro Notes by the
Student

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str1[12] = “Hello”;
char str2[12] = “World”;
char str3[12];
int len ;
/* copy str1 into str3 */
strcpy(str3, str1);
printf(“strcpy( str3, str1) : %s\n”, str3 );

/* concatenates str1 and str2 */

strcat( str1, str2);
printf(“strcat( str1, str2): %s\n”, str1 );

/* total lenghth of str1 after concatenation */

len = strlen(str1);
printf(“strlen(str1) : %d\n”, len );

return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following

Output −
strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello
strcat( str1, str2) : HelloWorld
strlen(str1) : 10

Rewrite the above functionalities without using string handling functions

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Student

Array of String:
Syntax:
Datatype arrayname[row-size][col-size];
Example: char President[4][8];
• A string is a 1-D array of characters, so an array of strings is a 2-D array of
characters or array of arrays of character.
• A NULL character(‘\0’) must terminate each character string in the array.
• We can think of an array of strings as a table of strings, where each row of the
table is a string

Write a program to read n number of names and print them.

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Student

Structure:
• structure is user defined data type available in C that allows combining data
items of different kinds ie int, float, char, array and pointers.
• Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track
of your books in a library. You might want to track the following attributes
about each book −
□ Title
□ Author
□ Subject
□ Book ID
□ Publishing date
Defining a Structure
To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines
a new data type, with more than one member. The format of the struct statement is as
follows −
Syntax:
struct tag
{
member 1;
member 2;
...
member m;
} variable1, variable2....... , variable n;

• The structure tag is optional and each member definition is a normal variable
definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition.
• At the end of the structure’s definition, before the final semicolon, you can
specify one or more structure variables but it is optional.
• Structure members can’t be initialized within structure and there is no
memory allocated for the members of the structure.

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• Memory for all the member will allocate after creating the variable of For Micro Notes by the
struct type. Student

• Here is the way you would declare the Books structure −

struct Books {
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
} book;
• Structure variable may be defined as a member of another structure. In that case, the
declaration of the embedded structure must appear before the declaration of the outer
structure.
struct date
{
int month;
int day;
int year;
};
struct Books {
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
struct date publishing_date;
} book;

The second structure (Books) contains another structure(data)as one of the

members.
Accessing Structure Members:
• To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.) ie
dot operator.
• The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable
name and the structure member (book.title, book.subject, ........) that we wish to
access. You would use the keyword struct to define variables of structure type.
Example1:
struct Point
{
int x, y;
};

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 14 Computer Science Engg

int main() For Micro Notes by the

Student
{
struct Point p1 = {0, 1};
// Accesing members of point p1
p1.x = 20;
printf (“x = %d, y = %d”, p1.x, p1.y);
return 0;
}
Output:
20 1
Example 2:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Books
{
char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
};
int main( )
{
struct Books Book1={“C Programming”,”Nuha Ali”,”C Programming
Tutorial”,6495407}; /* Declaration and initialization of Book1 of type
Book */
struct Books Book2; /* Declare Book2 of type Book */

/* book 2 specification */
strcpy( Book2.title, “Telecom Billing”);
strcpy( Book2.author, “Zara Ali”);
strcpy( Book2.subject, “Telecom Billing Tutorial”);
Book2.book_id = 6495700;
/* print Book1 info */
printf( “Book 1 title : %s\n”, Book1.title);
printf( “Book 1 author : %s\n”, Book1.author);
printf( “Book 1 subject : %s\n”, Book1.subject);
printf( “Book 1 book_id : %d\n”, Book1.book_id);
/* print Book2 info */
printf( “Book 2 title : %s\n”, Book2.title);

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 15 Computer Science Engg

printf( “Book 2 author : %s\n”, Book2.author); For Micro Notes by the

Student
printf( “Book 2 subject : %s\n”, Book2.subject);
printf( “Book 2 book_id : %d\n”, Book2.book_id);
return 0;
}
Output:
Book 1 title : C Programming

Book 1 author : Nuha Ali

Book 1 subject : C Programming Tutorial

Book 1 book_id : 6495407

Book 2 title : Telecom Billing

Book 2 author : Zara Ali

Book 2 subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial

Book 2 book_id : 6495700

Array of structures:
Syntax:
structtype variablename[size];
Ex: struct point arr[10];
In above example arr is variable which store maximum 10 values of struct point type
unlike normal variable;

Example for an array of structures.

struct Point // Structure Name
{
int x, y;
};

int main()
{
// Create an array of structures
struct arr[10];

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For Micro Notes by the

Student
// Access array members
arr[0].x = 10;
arr[0].y = 20;

printf(“%d %d”, arr[0].x, arr[0].y);

return 0;
}
Output:

typedef statement:
The typedef allows us to create an alias or new name for an existing type or user
defined type. The syntax of typedef is as follows:

Syntax:
typedef data_type new_name;

typedef: It is a keyword.
data_type: It is the name of any existing type or user defined type created using
structure/union.
new_name: alias or new name you want to give to any existing type or user defined
type.
Ex: typedef int myint;
Myint a=20; //valid statement

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Books {

char title[50];
char author[50];
char subject[100];
int book_id;
} Book;

int main( ) {
Book book;
strcpy( book.title, “C Programming”);
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strcpy( book.author, “Nuha Ali”); For Micro Notes by the

Student
strcpy( book.subject, “C Programming Tutorial”);
book.book_id = 6495407;

printf( “Book title : %s\n”, book.title);

printf( “Book author : %s\n”, book.author);
printf( “Book subject : %s\n”, book.subject);
printf( “Book book_id : %d\n”, book.book_id);
return 0;
}
Output:
Book title : C Programming
Book author : Nuha Ali
Book subject : C Programming Tutorial
Book book_id : 6495407

Union in C:
Like Structures, union is a user defined data type. In union, all members share the
same memory location.
For example in the following C program, both x and y share the same location. If we
change x, we can see the changes being reflected in y.

Example
#include <stdio.h>

// Declaration of union is same as structures

union test
{
int x, y;
};

int main()
{
// A union variable t
union test t;
t.x = 2; // t.y also gets value 2
printf (“After making x = 2:\n x = %d, y = %d\n\n”,
t.x, t.y);

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 18 Computer Science Engg

t.y = 10; // t.x is also updated to 10 For Micro Notes by the

printf (“After making Y = ‘A’:\n x = %d, y = %d\n\n”, Student

t.x, t.y);
return 0;
}
Output:
After making x = 2:
x = 2, y = 2

After making Y = ‘A’:

x = 10, y = 10

How is the size of union decided by compiler?

Size of a union is taken according the size of largest member in union.

#include <stdio.h>

union test1
{
int x;
int y;
};
union test2{
int x;
char y;
};
union test3
{
int arr[10];
char y;
};
int main()
{
printf (“sizeof(test1) = %d, sizeof(test2) = %d,”
“sizeof(test3) = %d”, sizeof(test1),
sizeof(test2), sizeof(test3));
return 0;
}

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 19 Computer Science Engg

Output: For Micro Notes by the

Student
sizeof(test1) = 4, sizeof(test2) = 4,sizeof(test3) = 40

Enumeration (or enum) in C:

Enumeration (or enum) is a user defined data type in C. It is mainly used to assign names
to integral constants, the names make a program easy to read and maintain.
enum State {Working = 1, Failed = 0};
The keyword ‘enum’ is used to declare new enumeration types in C .
enum declaration.
enum flag{constant1, constant2, constant3, ....... };
The name of enumeration is “flag” and the constant are the values of the flag. By default,
the values
of the constants are as follows: constant1 = 0, constant2 = 1, constant3 = 2 and so on.

Variables of type enum can also be defined. They can be defined in two ways:
enum week{Mon, Tue, Wed};
enum week day;
Or
enum week{Mon, Tue, Wed}day;
An example program to demonstrate working of enum in C
#include<stdio.h>

enum week{Mon, Tue, Wed, Thur, Fri, Sat, Sun};

int main()
{
enum week day;
day = Wed;
printf(“%d”,day);
return 0;
}
Output: 2
In the above example, we declared “day” as the variable and the value of “Wed” is
allocated to day, which is 2. So as a result, 2 is printed.

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• Two enum names can have same value. For example, in the following C For Micro Notes by the
Student
program both ‘Failed’ and ‘Freezed’ have same value 0.
enum State {Working = 1, Failed = 0, Freezed = 0};

• If we do not explicitly assign values to enum names, the compiler by default

assigns values starting from 0. For example, in the following C program,
sunday gets value 0, monday gets 1, and so on.
enum day {sunday, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday};
• We can assign values to some name in any order. All unassigned names get
value as value of previous name plus one.
enum day {sunday = 1, monday, tuesday = 5,
wednesday, thursday = 10, friday, saturday};
• The value assigned to enum names must be some integeral constant, i.e., the
value must be in range from minimum possible integer value to maximum
possible integer value.
Pointer:
• Pointers in C language is a variable that stores/points the address of another
variable. A Pointer in C is used to allocate memory dynamically i.e. at run
time.
• The pointer variable might be belonging to any of the data type such as int,
float, char, double, short etc.
• Pointer is a derived data type.
Pointer Declaration:
Syntax:
Datatype *var_name;

Example : int *p; char *p;

Where, * is used to denote that “p” is pointer variable and not a normal variable.

Points To Remember About Pointers In C:

• Normal variable stores the value whereas pointer variable stores the address
of the variable.
• The content of the C pointer always be a whole number i.e. address.
• Always C pointer is initialized to null, i.e. int *p = null.
• The value of null pointer is 0.
• & symbol is used to get the address of the variable.
• * symbol is used to get the value of the variable that the pointer is pointing to.
• If a pointer in C is assigned to NULL, it means it is pointing to nothing.

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• Two pointers can be subtracted to know how many elements are available For Micro Notes by the
Student
between these two pointers.
• But, Pointer addition, multiplication, division are not allowed.
• The size of any pointer is 2 byte (for 16 bit compiler).

Advantages:
• Pointers are more efficient in handling arrays and data tables.
• Pointers can be used to return multiple values from a function via function
arguments.
• Pointers allow passing a function as argument to other functions.
• The use of pointer arrays to character strings results in saving of data storage
space in memory.
• Pointers allow C to support dynamic memory management.
• Pointers provide an efficient way for manipulating dynamic data structures
such as structures, linked lists, queues, stacks and trees.
• Pointers increase the execution speed and thus reduce the program execution
time.

Example program for pointers in C.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int *ptr, q;
q = 50;
/* address of q is assigned to ptr */
ptr = &q;
/* display q’s value using ptr variable */
printf(“%d %d “,q, *ptr);
return 0;
}

Output: 50 50

Explanation:

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For Micro Notes by the

Student

Write a program to illustrate the use of pointer

Pointer to Array:
Syntax:
data_type (*var_name)[size_of_array];
int (*ptr)[10];
• Here ptr is pointer that can point to an array of 10 integers. Since subscript([])
have higher precedence than indirection(*), it is necessary to enclose the
indirection operator(*) and pointer name inside parentheses.
• Here the type of ptr is ‘pointer to an array of 10 integers’.

Note : The pointer that points to the 0th element of array and the pointer that points
to the whole array are totally different. The following program shows this:

/* C program to understand difference between pointer to an integer and pointer

to an array of integers.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
// Pointer to an integer
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 23 Computer Science Engg

int *p; For Micro Notes by the

Student

// Pointer to an array of 5 integers

int (*ptr)[5];
int arr[5];

// Points to 0th element of the arr.

p = arr;

// Points to the whole array arr.

ptr = &arr;

printf(“p = %p, ptr = %p\n”, p, ptr);

p++;
ptr++;
printf(“p = %p, ptr = %p\n”, p, ptr);

return 0;
}

Output:

p: is pointer to 0th element of the array arr, while ptr: is a pointer that points to the
whole array arr.
 The base type of p is int while base type of ptr is ‘an array of 5 integers’.
 We know that the pointer arithmetic is performed relative to the base size, so
if we write ptr++, then the pointer ptr will be shifted forward by 20 bytes.
The following figure shows the pointer p and ptr. Darker arrow denotes pointer to an
array.

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On dereferencing a pointer expression we get a value pointed to by that pointer For Micro Notes by the
Student
expression. Pointer to an array points to an array, so on dereferencing it, we should get
the array, and the name of array denotes the base address. So whenever a pointer to an
array is dereferenced, we get the base address of the array to which it points.
// C program to illustrate sizes of pointer of array
#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
int arr[] = { 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 };
int *p = arr;
int (*ptr)[5] = &arr;

printf(“p = %p, ptr = %p\n”, p, ptr);

printf(“*p = %d, *ptr = %p\n”, *p, *ptr);

printf(“sizeof(p) = %lu, sizeof(*p) = %lu\n”,

sizeof(p), sizeof(*p));
printf(“sizeof(ptr) = %lu, sizeof(*ptr) = %lu\n”,
sizeof(ptr), sizeof(*ptr));
return 0;
}
Output:

Pointer to Structure:
can be created and accessed using pointers. A pointer variable of a structure can be
created as below:
struct name
{
member1;
member2;
.
.
};

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 25 Computer Science Engg

int main() For Micro Notes by the

Student
{
struct name *ptr;
}
Here, the pointer variable of type struct name is created.
Accessing structure’s member through pointer
A structure’s member can be accesssed through pointer in two ways:
1. Referencing pointer to another address to access memory
2. Using dynamic memory allocation

Referencing pointer to another address to access the memory

Consider an example to access structure’s member through pointer.

#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct person
{
int age;
float weight;
};

int main()
{
struct person *personPtr, person1;
personPtr = &person1; // Referencing pointer to memory address of person1

printf(“Enter integer: “);

scanf(“%d”,&(*personPtr).age);

printf(“Enter number: “);

scanf(“%f”,&(*personPtr).weight);

printf(“Displaying: “);
printf(“%d%f”,(*personPtr).age,(*personPtr).weight);

return 0;
}

In this example, the pointer variable of type struct person is referenced to the address
of person1. Then, only the structure member through pointer can can accessed.

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(*personPtr).age refer to the age of a person. For Micro Notes by the

Student
(*personPtr).weight refer to the weight of a person.
Using -> operator to access structure pointer member
Structure pointer member can also be accessed using -> operator.
(*personPtr).age is same as personPtr->age
(*personPtr).weight is same as personPtr->weight

Self Referential Structures:

Self Referential structures are those structures that have one or more pointers which
point to the same type of structure, as their member.

In other words, structures pointing to the same type of structures are self-referential in
nature.

Example:
struct node {
int data1;
char data2;
struct node* link;
};

int main()
{
struct node ob;
return 0;
}

In the above example ‘link’ is a pointer to a structure of type ‘node’. Hence, the structure
‘node’ is a self-referential structure with ‘link’ as the referencing pointer.

An important point to consider is that the pointer should be initialized properly before
accessing, as by default it contains garbage value.
Self Referential Structure with Single Link:

These structures can have only one self-pointer as their member. The following
example will show us how to connect the objects of a self-referential structure with
the single link and access the corresponding data members. The connection formed is
shown in the following figure.

ACE Engineering College : Ankushapur, Ghatkesar, Telangana 501301 (EAMCET Code: ACEG)
 27 Computer Science Engg

For Micro Notes by the

Student
#include <stdio.h>

struct node {
int data1;
char data2;
struct node* link;
};

int main()
{
struct node ob1; // Node1

// Intialization
ob1.link = NULL;
ob1.data1 = 10;
ob1.data2 = 20;

struct node ob2; // Node2

// Initialization
ob2.link = NULL;
ob2.data1 = 30;
ob2.data2 = 40;

// Linking ob1 and ob2

ob1.link = &ob2;

// Accessing data members of ob2 using ob1

printf(“%d”, ob1.link->data1);
printf(“\n%d”, ob1.link->data2);
return 0;
}

Output:
30
40

ACE Engineering College : Ankushapur, Ghatkesar, Telangana 501301 (EAMCET Code: ACEG)
 28 Computer Science Engg

UNIT-III – STRINGS & POINTERS For Micro Notes by the

Student
1.How string are declared & initialized in c ?
2M/4M-june-2012
2.Define array of string -3M
3.Explain string Manipulation function &string library function are string handling
function –May-16-10M,june-13,Dec-15-5M
4.Explain strspn-2M Dec-15
5.Differentiate strcpy &stcmp-3M June-14
6.what is the purpose of gets &puts function. 3M
7.What is null character ?and differentiate between NULL,’\0’ &0 ? - 3M Dec-10
8.Explain about string to data conversion ? 3M –JUNE-12
9.Write a C program to reverse the string passed as an argument that cannot be altered
–JUNE-12-7M,DEC-10-5M
10.Write a program using function to find the length of a string passed as an argument-
DEC-10-3M
11.Write a program to find position of substring into main string if substring is not
present then program display -5M
12.Write C function void insert(char a[],char c, int *n ,int i)that insert character c at
index I in the array by shifting all elements above that position by 1 & incrementing
n. 10M-JUNE-10
13.Find the numbers of words ,character &lines in the given text. 5M –JUNE-
14,JUNE-15
14.Convert the string passed as an argument to its uppercase equivalent 5M –DEC-10
15.Write a program which will read a string &rewrite it in the alphabetical order
[example –the word STRING should be written as GINRST] 5M-DEC-15
16.Write a program to replace substring with a new string 5M-DEC-15
17.Explain string I/O function .3M
18Differentiate between getchar() & scanf() for reading string .3M
19.Write a function to delete n character from a given position in a given string -5M
POINTER
1.Explain pointer arithmetic operators that are permitted on pointer with a sample c
program 10M/5M/3M-MAY-16,DEC-15,JUNE-12.
2.Differentiate between pointer &variable. 2M-DEC-10
3.How pointer declared ,initialized ? what is pointer to another pointer 5M-DEC-10.
4.Dynamic Memory allocation . 2M/5M-DEC-15,MAY-16,JUNE-14
5.Write a program to swap /exchange two number using call by pointer method -5M
JUNE-15
6.Discuss various application of pointer -5M-JUNE-14
7.What is mean by array of pointer ? when it will be used 3M-MAY-16
8.Write &explain a program for pointer to multidimensional array 5M-JUNE-15
ACE Engineering College : Ankushapur, Ghatkesar, Telangana 501301 (EAMCET Code: ACEG)
 29 Computer Science Engg

UNIT-4 STRUCTURES & UNION For Micro Notes by the

Student
1.Write a program to find length of the string n. JUNE-17-5M
2.Write a brief notes on unions 2M-JUNE-14/2M-DEC-16
3.Explain about declaration ,initialization & accessing structures and also discuss
about complex structure 10M-JUNE-14
4.Give the difference between structure & union -2M JUNE-15
5.What is self referential structure with program -3M –JAN-15,JUNE-17/5M
6.With the help of an example explain union of structures 5M-JAN-15
7.Define structure -2M-DEC-15
8.Write about enumerated data type-5M-DEC-15/2M/DEC-16-3M
9.Define structure ,How can we access the members of a structure using pointer.explain
it with an example -7M-JUNE-15
10.What is meant by structure ? Discuss with a c program about operator on structure
-10M-JAN-15
11.What is a structure ? Define a structure called salary & another structure called
allowance structure .use the structure variable allowance in salary structure & write
program to read data into the structure variable.5M-JUNE-15
12.Write a recursive function that would scan the created structure array & print the
compute data,day,month,&year information if the date is an even number –
5M-JUNE-15
13.Explain the following
1) Nested structure 5M-JUNE-17
2)array of structure
3)union
4)pointer of structures
5)self referential structure
6)typedef
7)enumerated types
14.Write a program to explain use of array of structure. [class note program]

ACE Engineering College : Ankushapur, Ghatkesar, Telangana 501301 (EAMCET Code: ACEG)