HTML and CSS Detailed Topics with Practical Examples
1. Basic Structure of HTML Document
The basic structure of an HTML document defines the framework of your webpage. It starts with a
<!DOCTYPE> declaration, which tells the browser what version of HTML is being used. The <html>
tag is the root element, containing <head> and <body> tags.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>HTML Structure</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Webpage</h1>
<p>This is a simple webpage demonstrating HTML structure.</p>
</body>
</html>
2. HTML Elements and Attributes
Elements are the building blocks of HTML. Each element has: Opening tag, Content, Closing tag.
Attributes modify the behavior or appearance of elements, such as id, class, and href.
<h1 id="main-title" class="title">Hello, World!</h1>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="A beautiful view">
<a href="https://example.com" target="_blank">Visit Example</a>
3. Forms and Input Elements
Forms are used to collect user data. Common input elements include <input>, <textarea>, <select>,
<button>. Form attributes include action and method.
<form action="/submit" method="POST">
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" required>
<br><br>
<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" required>
<br><br>
<button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>
1. Selectors
CSS selectors are used to target HTML elements. Types include universal (*), type (e.g., p), class
(.class), ID (#id), pseudo-classes (:hover), and pseudo-elements (::before).
/* Apply styles to all elements */
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/* Apply to all paragraphs */
p {
font-size: 16px;
/* Apply to a specific class */
.box {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 10px;
/* Apply to a specific ID */
#main {
background-color: yellow;
/* Apply to links when hovered */
a:hover {
color: red;
2. Box Model
The CSS box model includes content, padding, border, and margin. Understanding it helps to
control element spacing and size.
.box {
width: 200px;
padding: 20px;
border: 2px solid blue;
margin: 10px;
