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    Wahhabi Movement Upsc Notes 24

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    Wahhabi Movement – UPSC Notes

    What is Wahhabi Movement?


    Wahhabi movement was a revivalist movement initiated against Westernization's increasing
    influence on Islam's true spirit by eliminating the un-Islamic customs hampering their Muslim
    culture. He aims to bring back the real kind of Islamic civilization that existed during the
    Prophet's time in Arabia.
    Saiyid Ahmad of Rai Bareilly started the Movement in India. He was highly influenced by the
    preachings of Shah Waliullah (1702-62), who was a Delhi saint, and his son Abdul Aziz. Sayyid
    was also influenced by the teachings of Abdul Wahab of Arabia (1703-87).

    Wahhabi Movement Overview


    Here are key highlights of the Wahhabi Movement-
    Highlights Details

    Wahhabi Movement started in Early 1820

    Wahhabi Movement was started by Saiyid Ahmad

    Wahabi Revolt ended in In 1870

    Objectives of the Wahhabi Movement


    Wahhabi Movement was a rebellious movement against the influence of modernization over
    Islam by bringing back the simplicity of the Islamic religion. The Movement revolves around the
    Islamic legacy of the Quran and Hadis.
    Syed Ahmed started the Movement with these two ideals-
    • He aimed to bring back the past harmony among the 4 schools of Muslim jurisprudence
    responsible for dividing the Indian Muslims.
    • Every individual must know their role in the religion. This means that individuals should
    make Islam their understanding rather than imposing the religion over them mindlessly
    and blindly.

    Wahabi Revolt - Anti-Sikh and Anti-British Movement


    The Wahhabi Movement started to direct a socio-religious movement against the Sikhs in
    Punjab. To support the Movement, Sayyid Ahmad launched the practice of Jihad against the
    Punjabi Sikhs. He boosted the fire of the Wahabi Revolt by publishing an anti-Sikh booklet
    named Targhiz-ul-Jihad. Because of the hate resulting from the Movement, Ranjit Singh, the
    ruler of Punjab, was overthrown.
    After removing the Sikh ruler in Punjab, the Movement headed toward the East India
    Company's dominion. However, the British suppressed the Movement after the Revolt of 1857.
    Political view of the Wahhabi Movement
    Shah Abdul Aziz and Syed Ahmed Barelvi turned the Wahhabi Movement and gave it a political
    perspective.
    These were the major highlights supporting the Wahhabi Movement's political view in India-
    • Before the Movement, India was considered a land of Kafirs (known as Dar-ul-Harb).
    According to the major objective of the Movement, there was a need to convert India into
    an Islamic land (dar-ul-Islam).
    • Syed Ahmed Barelvi aimed to bring back the purity of Islamic culture that existed during
    the Prophet's time in Arabia.
    • It worked to eliminate the un-Islamic or westernized practices that hinder the originality
    of Islam.

    Suppression of Wahhabi Movement


    The Wahhabi Movement became one of the major reasons that ignited the revolt of 1857
    among Muslims. The Movement was responsible for spreading anti-British sentiments that
    became a symbol of potential danger for the British Rulers of India. As a result of this danger,
    the British Government launched a multi-pronged attack on the Movement in the 1860s. They
    started Military Operations. Along with these, certain court cases were filed against the
    supporters of the Wahhabi Revolt (known as Wahabis) in India.
    From 1863 to 1865, there were several episodes where Wahhabis were arrested for supporting
    the Movement, important being the Ambala trial in 1864 and the Patna trial in 1864. However,
    because of many close encounters and strict actions, the Movement completely lost its vitality
    after the 1870s.

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