Functions of Cultural, Social, and Political 4.

Polyandry- having more than one

Institutions relationship, husband at a time.
5. Monogamy-is when you are married to,
ELEMENTS OF THE STATE or in a sexual relationship with, one
1. PEOPLE person at a time. Humans are one of
2.GOVERNMENT the few species that practice
3. TERRITORY monogamy.
4. SOVEREIGNTY TYPES OF RESIDENCE
NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS/ACTORS 1. Patrilocal residence-is
• BANK AND CORPORATIONS structured by a rule that a man
• COOPERATIVE AND TRADE UNIONS remains in his father’s house
• TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY after reaching maturity and
• DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES brings his wife to live with his
• INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS family after marriage.
STATE - is basically shaped by three institutions; 2. Matrilocal residence- is
social, cultural and political. instituted by a rule that a
THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL, woman remains in her mother’s
CULTURAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS household after reaching
• Social institution maturity and brings her
• Family Orientation husband to live with her family
Social institution after marriage
consists of a group of people who have come 3. Ambilocal residence- also called
together for a common purpose. Example of a bilocal residence is the societal
social institution is a Family- the basic unit in post marital residence in which
society traditionally consisting of two parents couples, upon marriage, choose
rearing their children. to live with or near either
Family Orientation spouse’s parents.
often compared to family of procreation. Family 4. Neolocal residence- type of
of procreation refers to the family you create post-marital residence in which
through marriage and by having or adopting a newly married couple resides
children, it is often compared to family of separately from both the
orientation, which is the family that we are born husband’s natal household and
into. the wife’s natal household.
Practices in tracing family lineage TYPES OF FAMILY IN THE CONTEMPORARY
1. Unilineal system WORLD
• Patrilineal • TRANSITIONAL FAMILY - is a residential
• Matrilineal service for young women and children.
2. Bilateral The goal is to assist these young women
Marriage in developing the 8 educational,
Types of Marriage vocational and social skills necessary for
1. Endogamy- marriage within one’s own a successful transition to self-
tribe or group as required by custom or sufficiency.
law. • SINGLE PARENT - parent is a parent who
2. Exogamy- marriage to a person parents alone. It means there is an
belonging to a tribe or group other than absence of the other parent as opposed
your own as required by custom or law. to a co-parent, meaning that the parent
3. Polygamy– having more than one wife is not the only parent regardless of
at a time. whether or not they are a couple.
• Reconstituted- The simple definition of • Incest - sexual activity between family
a blended family, also called a step members or close relatives. This
family, reconstituted family, or a typically includes sexual activity
complex family, is a family unit where between people in a consanguineous
one or both parents have children from relationship (blood relations), and
a previous relationship, but they have sometimes those related by affinity,
combined to form a new family. The stepfamily, those related by adoption or
parents may or may not then have marriage, or members of the same clan
children with each other. or lineage.
LEGAL SEPARATION
A legal process by which a married couple SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
may formalize a de facto separation while
remaining legally married. A legal is the classification of people into
separation is granted in the form of a court socioeconomic class, based upon their
order. occupation and income, wealth and social
• Annulment- It is a legal procedure status.
within secular and religious legal
SOCIAL DESIRABLES are resources considered
systems for declaring a marriage null
and void. valuable by societies. These resources may be
• Divorce- It is known as dissolution of tangible or intangible.
marriage, is the termination of a Three (3) important social desirables
marriage or marital union, the canceling
or reorganizing of the legal duties and  PRESTIGE
responsibilities of marriage, thus
dissolving.  POWER
Politics among family members
 WEALTH
1. Patriarchal– a social system in which
males hold primary power and BASES OF CLASS ACCORDING TO KARL MARX
predominate in roles of political
leadership, moral authority, social MATERIAL PROSPERITY, OWNERSHIP OF THE
privilege and control of property. MEANS OF PRODUCTION
2. Matriarchal– a social system in which
BASES OF CLASS ACCORDING TO MAX WEBER
females hold the primary power
positions in roles of political leadership, POWER - POLITICAL OR SOCIAL AUTHORITY OR
moral authority, social privilege and CONTROL, ESPECIALLY THAT WHICH IS
control of property at the specific EXERCISED BY A GOVERNMENT
exclusion of males – at least to a large
degree. WEALTH - MATERIAL PROSPERITY
3. Egalitarian-relating to or believing in the
principle that all people are equal and PRESTIGE- WIDESPREAD RESPECT AND
deserve equal rights and opportunities. ADMIRATION FELT FOR SOMEONE DUE TO HIS
Politics among families in society OR HER ACHIEVEMENTS OR QUALITY
• Political Dynasty- is a family in which
SOCIAL MOBILITY
several members are involved in
politics, particularly electoral politics. TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
Members may be related by blood or
marriage; often several generations or HORIZONTAL MOBILITY - Refers to an
multiple siblings may be involved. individual’s ability to move from one position to
another in the same area, field, or social strata,  R.A 7610 OR ALSO KNOWN AS WOMEN
without significant difference in their social AND CHILDREN RIGHTS OR SPECIAL
position. PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST
ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND
Vertical mobility - Refers to when an individual
DISCRIMINATION ACT
can move up or down the hierarchy to a better
or worse position.  MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN TO DEFINE
GENDER DISCRIMINATION AND
Upward mobility- A floor worker in a factory
OUTLINING APPROACHES TO
being promoted to supervisor
ELIMINATE IT.
Downward mobility - Stockbroker being
 ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAW
convicted of fraud and losing their fortune
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTES TO SOCIAL
Inter-generational mobility - An individual
INEQUALITIES
being the first person in their family to earn a
college degree  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Intra-generational mobility - Someone starting  WEALTH AND POVERTY

a business from the ground up and making a
 POWER
fortune
 GENDER INEQUALITY
SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
 SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Equality is about making sure that everyone has
an equal opportunity to make the most of their 1. LOCAL INEQUALITY
desire to live. It is also the belief that no one
should have poorer life chances because of the 2. NATIONAL INEQUALITY
way they were born, where they come from, 3. GLOBAL INEQUALITY
what they believe, or whether they have a
disability. RESPONSE TO SOCIAL INEQUALITIES

Nonappearance of the said equality of man HOW CAN I CALL OUT GENDER INEQUALITY
leads to the inequality. Generation down to WHEN I SEE IT?
generation’s human race aims for the total 1. SPEAK OUT ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCES
equality among individual as well as to the
group and society. Social inequality arises when 2. CALL OUT DISCRIMINATION IN THE MEDIA
they are imbalances among individual or group AND ADVERTISING
of people
3. SUPPORT OTHER CAMPAIGNERS
MAJOR EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
4. It’s OK to not challenge discrimination every
 GENDER INEQUALITY time you see it

 HEALTH CARE INEQUALITY sometimes calling out discrimination can carry

risks. It’s not your job alone to fix the world.
 SOCIAL STATUS Just changing how we relate with others, and
PHILIPPINE LAW demanding that others do the same, will not
end gender inequality. Lasting change will only
happen if the institutions that affect our lives
also change. Don’t feel defeated by these big
obstacles - each small achievement is an extra
step towards our shared goal.