ZdrZ nmR²>¶nwñVH$na AmYm[aV

qhXr
¶wdH$^maVr
ZdZrV
H$jm ~mahdt
l à‘wI {deofVmE± …
1. H$jm ~mahdt H$s ZdrZ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ Ho$ AZwgma CËV‘ aMZm&
2.  
g^r JX²¶, nX²¶ nmR>m| H$mo C{MV ‘mÌm ‘| n[aÀN>oX/nX²¶m§e H$mo ~m±Q>H$a CZ na H¥${Vn{ÌH$m H$s aMZm
Ho$ AZwgma AZoH$ Ano{jV H¥${V¶m± VWm CZHo$ gQ>rH$ Ed§ g‘w{MV CËVa&
3. g^r JX²¶m§emo/nX²¶m§emo Ho$ gmW CgHo$ H${R>Z eãXm| Ho$ gw~moY AW©&
4. g^r H${dVmAm| H$m gab ^mfm ‘| AW© VWm ‘wX²Xm| Ho$ AmYma na agmñdmXZ&
5. à˶oH$ JX²¶, nX²¶ nmR>mo‘| AbJ go ì¶mH$aU {d^mJ&
6. {deo
  f Aܶ¶Z hoVw nmR> H$mo C{MV ‘mÌm ‘| nX²¶m§e ~Zm H$a Cg na AmYm[aV AZoH$ Ano{jV H¥${V¶m±
VWm CZHo$ gQ>rH$ Ed§ g‘w{MV CËVa&
7.  "ì¶mdhm[aH$ qhXr ' nmR>m| ‘| bKyËVar VWm ì¶mdhm[aH$ à¶moJ H$s Ñ{îQ> go {XE JE àíZm| Ho$ gab Ed§
gQ>rH$ CËVam| H$m g‘mdoe&
8.  ñdV§Ì ê$n go ì¶mH$aU VWm An{R>V JX²¶ {d^mJ&
9.  g^r n[a{eîQ> {díbofU VWm H¥${V-ñdmܶm¶ CËVag{hV&

: boIH$ :
lr. ZdZrV
àW‘ g§ñH$aU

E0278
 ZdZrV  {ejm H$s godm ‘| g‘{n©V gmR> df©!
gZ 1959 ‘| ñWm{nV ZdZrV EÁ¶wHo$eZ {b{‘Q>oS> AmO gmR> df© H$m EH$ ¶wdm Ed§ à{V{îR>V g§ñWmZ ~Z
MwH$m h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ ZdZrV Zo àH$meZ go ñQ>oeZar, Xoer¶ ~mOma go A§VaamîQ´>r¶ ~mOma Am¡a A~ ‘w{ÐV CËnmXm|
go B©-b{ZªJ B˶m{X joÌm| ‘| AZoH$ ‘hËËdnyU© H$s{V©‘mZ ñWm{nV {H$E h¢& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| g§nyU© godm àXmZ H$aZo
dmbo g§ñWmZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘ CËgmhnyd©H$ hraH$ O¶§Vr ‘Zm aho h¢&
AH$ga ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ JwUdËVm ¶m| hr A{O©V Zht H$s Om gH$Vr& JwUdËVm h‘oem ~m¡X²{YH$ à¶mgm|
H$m ’$b hmoVr h¡& ZdZrV Ho$ g§ñWmnH$m| Zo JwUdËVm àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE E‹S>r MmoQ>r H$m ngrZm EH$ H$a {X¶m Wm&
h‘ CZH$s Cgr g‘n©U ^mdZm H$mo g±Omo H$a aIVo Am aho h¢ VWm CZHo$ ‘mZX§S>m| H$mo nmbZ H$aZo H$m ^agH$
à¶mg H$aVo h¢&
XÿaXeu {dX²¶mWuJU, A{^^mdH$, {ejH$JU, qn«{gnb, e¡{jH$ g§ñWmE± VWm ~wH$gobg© Am{X h‘mar à~b
e{³V Ho$ òmoV aho h¢& h‘mao CËnmXm| H$s JwUdËVm Ho$ à{V BZ g~H$s XÿaÑ{îQ> Am¡a BZHo$ AmË‘{dídmg Zo h‘mar ~hþV
ghm¶Vm H$s h¡& CZHo$ gh¶moJ VWm CZH$s ew^H$m‘ZmAm| Ho$ ~b na h‘ Am¡a A{YH$ D±$MmB¶m| na nhþ±MZm MmhVo h¢&
h‘ AnZo CZ g^r ew^qMVH$m| Am¡a H$m¶©-e{³V Ho$ Am^mar h¢, {OÝhm|Zo JwUdËVm Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| ZdZrV H$mo
erf© na nhþ±MmZo Ho$ à¶mg ‘| h‘mar ‘XX H$s h¡&
^dXr¶,
 ZdZrV EÁ¶wHo$eZ {b{‘Q>oS>

òÈ˘ñß̇ : ìúìËè óúì, óúÊìËù̆Äö öÊÎå, ëÊëö (î.), òÈ˘ñß̇}¦00 02�∂ (ïÊÎì .. 6662 6×6×)
www.navneet.com ● e-mail : publications@navneet.com
îÈ éÎ : ìúìËè óúì, ¦302, ùÈiúÊö îÎ ã, ñÊáËöÊú öÊÎå, üéü ‘�ÊàÊ ÄÎ îÊü, îÈéÎ }¦²² 002∂ (ïÊÎì .. 2−−3 ¦007)
ìÊÇîÈö : 63, ùúÊáË üÊô”ü ÄÊÙ�Îá ÄÎ üÊòìÎ, ÄÊõÇÛÎü ìÇö, ìÊÇîÈ ö}¦¦0 0²2∂ (ïÊÎì .. 2−2 ¦×22)
ìÊùÄ : ìòÊ˙é ß̆flîÊôö, ëÍ üöË ò̆á�, ÄÊ”†ÎöÎ úÊyË, •ÊΤå üËñË´ü ÄÎ üÊòìÎ, ìÊùÄ∂}−22 00¦ (ïÊÎì .. 2×9 69×0)

© All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied, adapted, abridged or translated, stored in any retrieval
system, computer system, photographic or other system or transmitted in any form or by any means without a prior
written permission of the copyright holders, M/s. Navneet Education Limited. Any breach will entail legal action and
prosecution without further notice.

2001
Published by : Navneet Education Limited, Dantali, Gujarat. CTP
Printed by : Navneet Education Limited, Dantali, Gujarat. (8-6-2020)

2
 àñVmdZm
H$jm ~mahdt H$s qhXr H$s ZdrZ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ na AmYm[aV " qhXr ¶wdH$ ^maVr ZdZrV … H$jm ~mahdt ‘mJ©X{e©H$m '
àH$m{eV H$aVo hþE h‘| A˶§V àgÝZVm hmo ahr h¡&
Bg ‘mJ©X{e©H$m ‘| JX²¶, nX²¶ nmR>m| H$mo ¶Wm¶mo½¶ JX²¶m§e/nX²¶m§e ‘| ~m±Q>H$a CZ na AmYm[aV nmR²>¶nwñVH$ ‘| Xr JB©
VWm Aݶ Cn¶moJr H¥${V¶m± Ed§ CZHo$ gQ>rH$ CËVa {XE JE h¢&
(1) JX²¶ … à˶oH$ JX²¶ nmR> ‘| AmH$bZ, eãX-g§nXm VWm A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ A§VJ©V n¶m©ßV H¥${V¶m± VWm CZHo$ g‘w{MV
CËVa {XE JE h¢& BZ H¥${V¶m| ‘| Bg ~mV H$m ܶmZ aIm J¶m h¡ {H$ BZgo {dX²¶m{W©¶m| ‘| Ano{jV Hw$ebVmAm| H$m {dH$mg
hmo& à˶oH$ JX²¶ nmR> ‘| nmR> na AmYm[aV bKyËVar àíZ Ed§ CZHo$ CËVa VWm Anojm Ho$ AZwgma ì¶mH$aU go g§~§{YV g^r
A§Jm| na n¶m©ßV ñdmܶm¶ Am¡a CZHo$ CËVa {XE JE h¢&
(2) nX²¶ … à˶oH$ nX²¶ nmR> ‘| AmH$bZ, eãX g§nXm, A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ A§VJ©V n¶m©ßV H¥${V¶m± VWm CZHo$ g‘w{MV CËVa
{XE JE h¢& à˶oH$ nX²¶ nmR> ‘| H${dVm na AmYm[aV agmñdmXZ VWm ag J«hU go g§~§{YV àíZm| Ho$ gmaJ{^©V CËVa {XE
JE h¡& gmW hr " gm{h˶ g§~§Yr gm‘mݶ kmZ ' Ho$ A§VJ©V H${dVm Ho$ aM{¶Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| Cn¶w³V OmZH$mar Xr JB© h¡&
(3) {deof Aܶ¶Z hoVw … Bg {d^mJ H$s gm‘J«r H$mo nX²¶m§em| ‘| ~m±Q> H$a AmH$bZ VWm A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ A§VJ©V n¶m©ßV
H¥${V¶m± VWm CZHo$ CËVa {XE JE h¢& BgHo$ gmW hr nmR> ‘| {XE JE bKyËVar àíZm| Ho$ gQ>rH$ CËVa {XE JE h¢&
(4) ì¶mdhm[aH$ qhXr … Bg {d^mJ ‘| {XE JE {df¶m| na AmYm[aV {d{^ÝZ àíZm| Ho$ CËVa VWm " ì¶mdhm[aH$ à¶moJ '
‘| {XE JE {df¶m| Ho$ AZwê$n A˶§V Cn¶moJr gm‘J«r Xr JB© h¡&
(5)An{R>V JX²¶m§e… An{R>V JX²¶mem| H$m {d^mJ AbJ go {X¶m J¶m h¡& Bg‘| à˶oH$ An{R>V JX²¶m§e ‘| AmH$bZ,
eãX g§nXm VWm A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ A§VJ©V MwqZXm H¥${V¶m± Xr JB© h¢&
(6) ì¶mH$aU {d^mJ … Bg {d^mJ ‘| ì¶mH$aU Ho$ g^r Ano{jV A§Jm| na g‘PmH$a {dñVma go n¶m©ßV gm‘J«r
Xr JB© h¡&
n[a{eîQ> ‘| {XE JE {df¶m| H$mo (nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr) H¥${V-ñdmܶm¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| CËVag{hV {X¶m J¶m h¡&
¶h nwñVH$ {dX²¶m{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE Vmo ghm¶H$ {gX²Y hmoJr hr, {ejH$ ~§YwAm| Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ {bE ^r ¶h ~hþV
Cn¶moJr h¡&
àñVwV ZdZrV H$mo Cn¶mo{JVm ‘| d¥X²{Y H$aZo H$s Ñ{îQ> go {XE JE gwPmdm| H$m ñdmJV h¡&
 àH$meH$

3
 AZwH«$‘{UH$m
 n¥îR>. H«$.
JX²¶-nX²¶
1. Zd{Z‘m©U ...   5
2. {Zambm ^mB© ...   13
3. gM h‘ Zht; gM Vw‘ Zht ...   23
4. AmXe© ~Xbm ...   30
5. (A) Jwé~mZr (~) d¥§X Ho$ Xmoho ...   43
6. nmn Ho$ Mma h{W¶ma ...   57
7. no‹S> hmoZo H$m AW© ...   65
8. gwZmo {H$emoar ...   73
9. MwqZXm eoa ...   80
10. AmoOmoZ {dKQ>Z H$m g§H$Q> ...   87
11. H$moIOm¶m ...   94
12. bmoH$JrV ... 102
{deof Aܶ¶Z hoVw
13.  H$Zw{à¶m... 109
ì¶mdhm[aH$ qhXr
14.  nëbdZ... 120
15.  \$sMa boIZ ... 125
16.  ‘¢ CX²KmofH$ ... 130
17.  ãbm°J boIZ ... 136
18.  emoYnaH$ boI … àH$me CËnÝZ H$aZodmbo Ord ... 141
An{R>V {d^mJ>... 145
^mfm Aܶ¶Z (ì¶mH$aU)... 151
n[a{eîQ>... 166
  1. ‘whmdao
  2. ^mdmW©
3. agmñdmXZ Ho$ _wX²Xo
4. nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr

4
 1 Zd{Z‘m©U  {ÌbmoMZ

H${d H$m n[aM¶

H${d H$m Zm‘ : {ÌbmoMZ& dmñV{dH$ Zm‘ dmgwXod qgh& (OÝ‘ 20 AJñV, 1917; {ZYZ 2007.)
à‘wI H¥${V¶m± : YaVr, {XJ§V, Jwbm~ Am¡a ~wb~wb, Cg OZnX H$m H${d hy±, g~ H$m AnZm AmH$me (H${dVm g§J«h); XoeH$mb
(H$hmZr g§J«h) VWm X¡Z§{XZr (S>m`ar) Am{X&
{deofVm : H$mì`joÌ ‘| à`moJ Y{_©Vm Ho$ g‘W©H$& g‘mO Ho$ X~o-Hw$Mbo dJ© H$mo g§~mo{YV H$aZo dmbo gm{hË` Ho$ aM{¶Vm&
{dYm : MVwînXr& Bg {dYm ‘| Mma MaUmo§ dmbm N>§X hmoVm h¡& `h Mm¡nmB© H$s Vah hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ àW‘, X²{dVr` Am¡a MVwW©
MaU ‘| VwH$~§Xr hmoVr h¡& ^md Am¡a {dMma H$s ÑpîQ> go àË`oH$ MVwînXr AnZo Amn ‘| nyU© hmoVr h¡&

  {df¶ àdoe : àñVwV nX²` nmR> ‘| Hw$b AmR> MVwîn{X`m± Xr JB© h¢& `o g^r MVwîn{X`m± ^md Ed§ {dMma H$s ÑpîQ> go AnZo Amn
‘| nyU© h¡& BZ MVwîn{X`mo§ ‘| AmemdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡& H${d Zo BZHo$ ‘mÜ`‘ go g§Kf© H$aZo VWm AÝ`m`, AË`mMma,
{df‘Vm Am¡a {Z~©bVm na {dO` nmZo H$m AmdmhZ {H$`m h¡&

MVwîn{X¶m| H$m gab AW©

(1) Vw‘Zo {dídmg AmH$me {X`m h¡ ‘wPH$mo& A±Yoao ‘| ^r AmJo hr AmJo ~‹T>Vo OmZm h¡, Š`mo§{H$ BgHo$ Abmdm
‘Zwî` Ho$ OrdZ ‘| {H$gr H$m {dídmg àmßV H$aZo VWm {H$gr AmnHo$ gm‘Zo Am¡a H$moB© Mmam ^r Vmo Zht h¡& H${d H$m H$hZo H$m
go àmoËgmhZ nmZo H$m ~‹S>m ‘hËËd hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ ~b na ‘Zwî` VmËn`© `h h¡ {H$ g§Kf© H$aZm Omar aIZm Mm{hE& g§Kf© go hr
~‹S>o-~‹S>o H$m‘ H$a S>mbVm h¡& g’$bVm H$m ‘mJ© àeñV hmoVm h¡&
H${d H$hVo h¢ {H$, Vw‘Zo ‘wPo Omo {dídmg Am¡a àoaUm Xr h¡ dh (4) ~b Zht hmoVm {XbmZo Ho$ {bE&
‘oao {bE ~hwV hr ‘hËËdnyU© h¡& BÝh| XoH$a Vw‘Zo ‘wPo Agr‘ g§gma H${d H$hVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî` H$mo {ZaW©H$ H$m`moª Ho$ {bE AnZo ~b
Xo {X`m h¡& na ‘¢ BÝh| Bg Vah g±^mb H$a AnZo nmg aIy±Jm {H$
H$m à`moJ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& CgH$m à`moJ gmW©H$ H$m`moª Ho$ {bE
‘¢ AmH$me ‘| Z C‹S>y± Am¡a ‘oao nm±d h‘oem O‘rZ na ah|& AWm©V
hmoZm Mm{hE& do H$hVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî` Ho$ nmg ~b {H$gr Aghm`,
‘wPo AnZr ‘`m©Xm H$m h‘oem Ü`mZ aho&
nr{‹S>V ì`pŠV H$mo gVmZo Ho$ {bE Zht hmoVm& ~pëH$ dh {H$gr
(2) gyÌ `h Vmo‹S> N>mo‹S> Zht gH$Vo&
Aghm` `m nr{‹S>V ì`pŠV H$s ajm H$aZo Ho$ {bE hmoVm h¡& H${d
H${d ‘Zwî` Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$hVo h¢ {H$ dh Mmho {H$VZm hr ~‹S>m ~bdmZ ì`pŠV`mo§ H$mo g§~mo{YV H$aVo hwE H$hVo h¢, `{X B©ída Zo
Š`mo§ Z hmo OmE, AmH$me ‘| C‹S>mZ| ^aVm hmo `m AÝ` H$ht C‹S>
Vwåh| epŠV àXmZ H$s h¡, Vmo Vw‘ g^r H$‘Omoa bmoJmo§ Ho$ ~b ~Z
H$a Mbm OmE, na A§V ‘| Cgo AnZmo§ Ho$ ~rM `mZr YaVr na Vmo
H$a CZH$mo Ý`m` {XbmZo Ho$ H$m‘ ‘| bJ OmAmo& V^r Vwåhmao ~b
AmZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡& H${d H$hVo h¢ {H$, `h ~mV emídV gË` h¡&
H$s gmW©H$Vm h¡&
Bg gÀMmB© H$mo H$moB© {Z`‘ Vmo‹S>-‘amo‹S> H$a PyR>m gm{~V Zht H$a
gH$Vm& AWm©V ‘Zwî` {H$VZm ^r AmS>§~a Š`mo§ Z H$a bo, na dh (5) {OgH$mo ‘§{Ob dhr H$hVm h¡&
AnZr dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo N>mo‹S> Zht gH$Vm& H${d H$hVo h¢ {H$ {Og ì`pŠV H$mo AnZr g’$bVm H$s ‘§{Ob
(3) gË` h¡ gm‘Zo A±Yoam h¡& H$s OmZH$mar hmo OmVr h¡, dh ì`pŠV AnZo ‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmbr
H${d g§Kf© H$aZo H$m AmdmhZ H$aVo hwE H$hVo h¢ {H$ AmnH$s naoem{Z`mo§ go Zht S>aVm& dh h±gVo-h±gVo BZ naoem{Z`mo§ H$mo Pob
amh A±Yoamo§ go ^ar hwB© h¡; ^bo `h ~mV gM hmo `m AmnH$s àJ{V boVm h¡& Eogo ì`pŠV`mo§ H$mo hr OrdZ ‘| g’$bVm {‘bVr h¡& Bg
Ho$ X²dma H$mo AdéX²Y H$aZo Ho$ {bE Vah-Vah H$s H${R>ZmB`m± amñVo Vah g’$bVm Ho$ {eIa na nhw±MZo dmbo ì`pŠV g‘mO Ho$ {bE
‘| Am ahr hmo§, V~ ^r AmnH$mo g§Kf© Ho$ ‘mJ© na éH$Zm Zht h¡& B{Vhmg ~Z OmVo h¢ Am¡a bmoJ Cggo àoaUm boVo h¢&
1. Zd{Z‘m©U 5
(6) àr{V H$s amh Mbo AmAmo& H$m`© H$a|Jo& XmoZmo§ Bg {Xem ‘| H$§Yo go H$§Ym {‘bmH$a H$m‘ H$a|Jo
H${d ß`ma-‘mohã~V Am¡a AÀN>o AmMma-ì`dhma H$mo AnZmZo Am¡a ZE g‘mO H$s aMZm H$a|Jo, {Og‘| g~ H$mo g‘mZVm H$m
H$s ~mV H$aVo hwE bmoJmo§ H$m AmdmhZ H$aVo h¢ {H$ do g~ Ho$ gmW A{YH$ma {‘bo&
ß`ma-‘mohã~V go ah| Am¡a g~ Ho$ gmW AÀN>m ì`dhma H$a|& `hr (8) dV©‘mZ ~mobm JrV AÀN>m Wm&
g~ Ho$ {bE AnZmZo dmbm ghr ‘mJ© h¡& do H$hVo h¢ {H$ g~ H$mo H${d dV©‘mZ Am¡a AVrV H$s ~mV H$aVo hwE H$hVo h¢ {H$ dV©‘mZ
h±gVo-JmVo OrdZ OrZo H$m ‘mJ© AnZmZm Mm{hE& Ho$ AZwgma ~rVm hwAm g‘` AÀN>m Wm& Cg g‘` OrdZ nW ‘|
(7) gmW {ZH$b|Jo g‘mO Za-Zmar& gmW {Z^mZo dmbo AÀN>o {‘Ì Wo& dV©‘mZ H$hVm h¡ {H$ ^{dî` ‘|
H${d ñÌr-nwéf g‘mZVm H$s ~mV H$aVo hwE H$hVo h¢ {H$ ñÌr- (O~ h‘ AVrV hmo OmE±Jo Am¡a) bmoJ h‘mam ^r JwUJmZ H$a|Jo&
nwéf XmoZmo§ EH$ gmW {‘b H$a {dH$Q> g‘ñ`mAmo§ H$mo gwbPmZo H$m d¡go AVrV ^r JwUJmZ H$aZo bm`H$ Wm&

H¥${V-ñdmÜ`m` Ed§ CËVa

nX²¶m§e H«$. 1 H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
(1) H¥${V nyU© H$s{OE :
H¥${Vn{ÌH$m Ho$ àíZ 2 (A) VWm àíZ 2 (Am) Ho$ {bE
(1)

àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV nX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB© gyMZmAm| H${d H$mo àmßV hwE
‘Z H$m CÀN²>dmg
Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE : h¢ Omo, do 

nX²¶m§e H«$. 1 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 1 – 2)

(2)
Vw‘Zo {dídmg {X`m h¡ ‘wPH$mo gyÌ `h Zht H$a gH$Vo 
‘Z H$m CÀN²>dmg {X`m h¡ ‘wPH$mo&
‘¢ Bgo ^y{‘ na g±^mby±Jm,
Vw‘Zo AmH$me {X`m h¡ ‘wPH$mo& (2) Eogo
Xmo àíZ ~ZmH$a {b{IE {OZHo$ CËVa {ZåZ{b{IV
gyÌ `h Vmo‹S> Zht gH$Vo h¢, eãX hm| :
Vmo‹S>H$a Omo‹S> Zht gH$Vo h¢& (1) ^y{‘ na (2) ^y{‘ H$mo&

ì`mo‘ ‘| OmE±, H$ht ^r C‹S> OmE±, (3) CËVa {b{IE :

^y{‘ H$mo N>mo‹S> Zht gH$Vo h¢& g§Kf© Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmbr Xmo ~mYmE± 
gË` h¡, amh ‘| A±Yoam h¡,
amoH$ XoZo Ho$ {bE Koam h¡&
H$m‘ ^r Am¡a Vw‘ H$amoJo Š`m
~‹T> Mbmo, gm‘Zo A±Yoam h¡& CËVa
(1) (1)
eãXmW©
{dídmg
{dídmg  ^amogm& CÀN²dmg  (`hm± AW©) àmoËgmhZ, H${d H$mo àmßV hwE
T>m‹T>g& ì`mo‘  AmH$me& gyÌ  (`hm± AW©) {Z`‘, ì`dñWm& ‘Z H$m CÀN²>dmg
h¢ Omo, do 
^y{‘  (`hm± AW©) AmYma& Koam  Xrdma, ~m‹S> Am{X go Mmamo§ AmH$me
Amoa go {Kam hwAm ñWmZ&

[ {Q>ßnUr … nmR²>¶nwñVH$ Ho$ àíZ Vmam§{H$V (*) {H$E JE h¢&]

6 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt
 (2) gyÌ `h Zht H$a gH$Vo  T>§J go bú` {ZYm©aU H$aZo Am¡a Cgo A{O©V H$aZo H$m AnZm
VarH$m hmoVm h¡& H$moB© Bgo hëHo$-’w$ëHo$ T>§J go boVm h¡ Am¡a ~‹S>o
gÀMmB© H$mo Vmo‹S>Zm& Cgo Vmo‹S>H$a Omo‹S>Zm& go ~‹S>m bú` {ZYm©[aV H$a boVm h¡& Eogo bú` j‘Vm H$s H$‘r
Am¡a An`m©ßV gmYZ Ho$ A^md ‘| H$^r nyao Zht hmo nmVo& Omo
(2) (1) H${d {dídmg Am¡a ‘Z Ho$ CÀN²>dmg H$mo H$hm± g±^mb|Jo? ì`pŠV AnZr j‘Vm Am¡a AnZo nmg CnbãY gmYZmo§ Ho$ AZw-
(2) h‘ {H$go N>mo‹S> Zht gH$Vo? gma bú` H$m {ZYm©aU Am¡a CgH$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE VZ-‘Z-YZ
go à`mg H$aVm h¡, dh ì`pŠV AnZo bú` H$mo àmßV H$aZo ‘|
(3) g§Kf© Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmbr Xmo ~mYmE±  Adí` g’$b hmoVm h¡& Eogo XyaXeu ì`pŠV O‘rZ go Ow‹S>o hwE
hmoVo h¢ Am¡a g‘P-~yP H$a AnZm bú` {ZYm©[aV H$aVo VWm
‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmbm A±Yoam ‘mJ© amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE ~Zm Koam CgHo$ {Za§Va à`mgaV ahVo h¢&

H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm) nX²¶m§e H«$. 2

(1) {ZåZ{b{IV eãX Ho$ AW© dmbo Xmo eãX nX²`m§e go T>±y‹T> H$a
àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV nX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB© gyMZmAm|
{b{IE :
Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE :
Z^ nX²¶m§e H«$. 2 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 2)
~b Zht hmoVm gVmZo Ho$ {bE
(2) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXmo§ Ho$ eãX-`w½‘ ~Zm H$a {b{IE : dh h¡ nr{‹S>V H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE&
(1) Vmo‹S>  (2) H$m‘  ~b {‘bm h¡ Vmo ~b ~Zmo g~Ho$,
(3) OmZm  (4) AmH$me  CR> n‹S>mo Ý`m` {XbmZo Ho$ {bE&
(3) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXmo§ Ho$ {dbmo‘ eãX {b{IE : {OgH$mo ‘§{Ob H$m nVm ahVm h¡,
(1) {dídmg  (2) A±Yoam  nW Ho$ g§H$Q> H$mo dhr ghVm h¡&
(3) gË`  (4) gm‘Zo  EH$ {XZ {gX²{Y Ho$ {eIa na ~¡R>
AnZm B{Vhmg dhr H$hVm h¡&
CËVa
eãXmW©
(1)
AmH$me ~b  epŠV, VmH$V& gVmZm  H$îQ> `m XwI XoZm&
Z^
ì`mo‘ nr{‹S>V  {Ogo gVm`m J`m hmo& ~b ~ZZm  ‘XX Ho$ {bE
AmJo AmZm& ‘§{Ob  n‹S>md& nW  ‘mJ© (`hm± AW©) à`mg
(2) (1) Vmo‹S>  Omo‹S> (2) H$m‘  H$mO H$aZo H$m VarH$m& {gX²{Y  g’$bVm& {eIa  MmoQ>r, erf©&
(3) OmZm  AmZm (4) AmH$me  nmVmb&
(3) (1) {dídmg  A{dídmg (2) A±Yoam  COmbm
H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
(3) gË`  AgË` (4) gm‘Zo  nrN>o&   * (1) H¥${V nyU© H$s{OE :
(1)
~b BgHo$ {bE hmoVm h¡ 
H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V)
  * • " YaVr go Ow‹S>m ahH$a hr ‘Zwî` AnZo bú` H$mo àmßV H$a
gH$Vm h¡ ' Bg {df` na 40 go 50 eãXmo§ ‘| AnZm ‘V àH$Q> H$s{OE&
(2)
CËVa : bú` H$m AW© h¡ {ZYm©[aV CX²Xoí`, {Ogo àmßV H$aZo {Ogo ‘§{Ob H$m nVm ahVm h¡, dh 
Ho$ {bE J§^raVm nyd©H$ ZOa aIr OmE Am¡a Cgo A{O©V H$aZo
Ho$ {bE `Wmg§^d à`mg {H$`m OmE& ha ì`pŠV H$m AnZo-AnZo
1. Zd{Z‘m©U 7
 (2) {b{IE Š`m H$aZm h¡? H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V)
(1) g~ Ho$ ~b ~ZZm 
• " ‘mZd godm hr gÀMr godm h¡ ' Bg {df` na 40 go 50 eãXmo§ ‘|
(2) nW Ho$ g§H$Q> ghZm 
AnZo {dMma {b{IE&
CËVa CËVa : godm H$aZo H$m AW© h¡ {H$gr H$mo àgÝZ H$aZo H$m
(1) (1) à`ËZ H$aZm& Xygamo§ H$m XwI Xya H$aZm godm H$m CX²Xoí` h¡& XrZ-
XwIr h‘mao g‘mO Ho$ A§J h¢& AnZr Oê$aVmo§ H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE do
~b BgHo$ {bE hmoVm h¡ 
g‘mO go hr Anojm aIVo h¢& CZH$s godm-ghm`Vm H$aZm g‘mO
H$m H$V©ì` h¡& ‘mZd godm {d{dY ê$nmo§ ‘| H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
nr{‹S>V H$mo ~MmZo gVmE hwE H$mo Ý`m`
nr{‹S>V ì`pŠV H$mo ~Mm`m Om gH$Vm h¡& {OgHo$ gmW AÝ`m` hmo
Ho$ {bE {XbmZo Ho$ {bE
ahm h¡ Cgo Ý`m` {Xbm`m Om gH$Vm h¡& {ZY©Z amo{J`mo§ H$mo CZHo$
(2) BbmO H$m IM© {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡& Jar~ n[adma H$s H$Ý`mAmo§ Ho$
{Ogo ‘§{Ob H$m nVm ahVm h¡, dh 
{ddmh Ho$ {bE Am{W©H$ ‘XX H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& AZoH$ g§Vmo§ Am¡a
g‘mO go{d¶m| Zo AnZm OrdZ hr ‘mZd godm H$mo A{n©V H$a {X`m&
nW Ho$ g§H$Q> H$mo {gX²{Y Ho$ {eIa na
ghVm h¡& nhw±MH$a AnZm B{Vhmg XrZXw{I`mo§ H$s godm H$a h‘ CZHo$ Mohamo§ na Iwer bm gH$Vo h¢&
H$hVm h¡& Bg Vah ‘mZd godm hr gÀMr godm h¡&
(2) (1) g~ Ho$ ~b ~ZZm  g~ H$s ‘XX H$aZm&
(2) n
 W Ho$ g§H$Q> ghZm  ‘§{Ob na nhw±MZo H$s H$mo{ee ‘| hmoZo nX²¶m§e H«$. 3
dmbm H$îQ> ghZ H$aZm& àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV nX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB© gyMZmAm|
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm) Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE :

(1) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXmo§ Ho$ CngJ©`wŠV eãX V¡`ma H$a CZH$m nX²¶m§e H«$. 3 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 2)
AW©nyU© dmŠ`mo§ ‘| à`moJ H$s{OE : àr{V H$s amh na Mbo AmAmo,
* (1) ~b (2) Ý`m`& Zr{V H$s amh na Mbo AmAmo&
(2) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXmo§ Ho$ qbJ nhMmZH$a {b{IE : dh Vwåhmar hr Zht, g~H$s h¡,
(1) {gX²{Y  (2) B{Vhmg  Jr{V H$s amh na Mbo AmAmo&
(3) ‘§{Ob  (4) nW  gmW {ZH$b|Jo AmO Za-Zmar,
b|Jo H$m±Q>mo§ H$m VmO Za-Zmar&
CËVa XmoZmo§ g§Jr h¢ Am¡a ghMa h¢,
: {Za²  ~b  {Z~©b&
(1) (1) eãX A~ aM|Jo g‘mO Za-Zmar&
dmŠ` : {Z~©b H$mo gVmZm Zht Mm{hE&
dV©‘mZ ~mobm, AVrV AÀN>m Wm,
: A  Ý`m`  AÝ`m`&
(2) eãX
àmU Ho$ nW H$m ‘rV AÀN>m Wm&
dmŠ` : {H$gr ì`pŠV H$m AnZr ~mV H$hZo H$m A{YH$ma
JrV ‘oam ^{dî` JmEJm,
`mo§ AVrV H$m ^r JrV AÀN>m Wm&
N>rZZm CgHo$ gmW AÝ`m` H$aZm h¡&
(2) (1) {gX²{Y  ñÌrqbJ& (2) B{Vhmg  nwqëbJ& eãXmW©
(3) ‘§{Ob  ñÌrqbJ& (4) nW  nwqëbJ& àr{V  ß`ma& Zr{V  OZVm `m g‘mO Ho$ {bE {ZpíMV
AmMma-ì`dhma& ghMa  gmW ahZo Am¡a MbZo dmbm&
aMZm  {Z‘m©U& AVrV  ~rVm hwAm& ‘rV  {‘Ì&

8 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt

H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ) (iii) ‘oam JrV ^{dî` JmEJm&

(1) AmH¥${V nyU© H$s{OE : (iv) AVrV H$m ^r JrV AÀN>m Wm&
(3) (1) Za-Zmar {H$gH$s aMZm H$a|Jo?
(2) dV©‘mZ Ho$ JrV H$m¡Z JmEJm?
H${d H$m AmdmhZ 
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm)
Jr{V H$s amh na AmAmo&
(1) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXmo§ Ho$ `w½‘-eãX ~Zm H$a {b{IE :
(2)
CËVa {b{IE :
(1)  ‘rV (2) gmW  
(1) AmO Za-Zmar 
(3) g§Jr  (4) AÀN>m  
(i) Bg Vah {ZH$b|Jo 
(ii) `h b|Jo  (2) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXmo§ Ho$ CngJ©`wŠV eãX V¡`ma H$a CZH$m
(iii) XmoZmo§ H$s {deofVmE±  AW©nyU© dmŠ` ‘| à`moJ H$s{OE :
(iv) XmoZmo§ aMZm H$a|Jo  * (1) Zr{V  (2) OrdZ 
(2) {b{IE 
(i) H$m±Q>mo§ H$m VmO b|Jo, `mZr Š`m? CËVa
(ii) " JrV ‘oam ^{dî` JmEJm ' go H${d H$m VmËn`©?
(1) (1) {hV  ‘rV (2) gmW  gmW
(3) dV©‘mZ H$m H$WZ 
(3) g§Jr  gmWr (4) AÀN>m  ~wam&
(i)
(ii) (2) (1) CngJ©`wŠV eãX  AZr{V&

(iii) dmŠ` : AZr{V Ho$ ‘mJ© na Zht MbZm Mm{hE&

(iv) (2) CngJ©`wŠV eãX  AmOrdZ&
(3) Xmo Eogo àíZ ~ZmH$a {b{IE {OZHo$ CËVa {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ` : Hw$N> nmR>H$ nwñVH$mb`mo§ Ho$ AmOrdZ gXñ` hmoVo h¢&
eãX hmo§ :
(1) g‘mO H$s (2) ^{dî`& H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V)
CËVa *• " g‘mO H$m Zd{Z‘m©U Am¡a {dH$mg Za-Zmar Ho$ gh`moJ go hr
g§^d h¡& ' Bg na 40 go 50 eãXmo§ ‘| AnZo {dMma {b{IE&
(1) àr{V H$s amh na AmAmo& CËVa : h‘mam g‘mO {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s Hw$ar{V`mo§ Am¡a g‘ñ`mAmo§
Zr{V H$s amh na AmAmo& go ^am hwAm h¡& AZoH$ g‘mO gwYmaH$mo§ Ho$ H${R>Z n[al‘ Ho$ ~mdOyX
H${d H$m AmdmhZ 
AmO ^r h‘mao g‘mO ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {df‘VmE± ì`mßV h¢&
Jr{V H$s amh na AmAmo& Ag‘mZVm, OmVr`Vm, gm§àXm{`H$Vm, àm§Vr`Vm, Añn¥í`Vm Am{X
g‘ñ`mAmo§ Ho$ H$maU g‘mO Ho$ Za-Zmar XmoZmo§ g‘mZ ê$n go ì`{WV
(2) (1) (i)Bg Vah {ZH$b|Jo  gmW-gmW&
h¢& O~ VH$ h‘mao g‘mO go `o ~wamB`m± Xya Zht hmoVr, V~ VH$
(ii) `h b|Jo  H$m±Q>mo§ H$m VmO&
g‘mO H$m Zd {Z‘m©U Am¡a {dH$mg hmoZm Ag§^d h¡& Za-Zmar XmoZmo§
(iii) XmoZmo§ H$s {deofVmE±  g§Jr h¢, ghMa h¢&
aW Ho$ Xmo n{h`mo§ Ho$ g‘mZ h¢& {~Zm XmoZmo§ Ho$ gh`moJ go AmJo
(iv) XmoZmo§ aMZm H$a|Jo  g‘mO H$s&
~‹T>Zm ‘wpíH$b h¡& g‘mO H$s AZoH$ g‘ñ`mE± Eogr h¢, {OZHo$ ~mao
(2) (i) ‘hËËdnyU© {Oå‘oXm[a`m± g±^mb|Jo&
(ii) ^{dî` ‘| (O~ dV©‘mZ AVrV hmo OmEJm V~) bmoJ
‘| Zmar H$mo Za go A{YH$ OmZH$m[a`m± hmoVr h¢& Za-Zmar XmoZmo§ H$§Yo
dV©‘mZ H$s àe§gm H$a|Jo& go H$§Ym {‘bmH$a g‘mO CËWmZ Ho$ H$m`© ‘| OwQ>|Jo, V^r g‘mO H$m
(3) (i) AVrV AÀN>m Wm& Zd {Z‘m©U Am¡a {dH$mg g§^d hmo gH$Vm h¡&
(ii) àmU Ho$ nW H$m JrV AÀN>m Wm&

1. Zd{Z‘m©U 9
 agmñdmXZ ‘wX²Xm| Ho$ AmYma na agmñdmXZ AW© Ho$ AmYma na

H¥${Vn{ÌH$m Ho$ àíZ 2 (B) Ho$ {bE • Aݶm¶, A˶mMma go XrZ-Xþ{I¶m| H$mo ‘w{³V {XbmZo Ho$
{bE CZH$m ~b ~Z OmZm hr ~bdmZ ì¶{³V¶m| Ho$ ~b H$m ghr
*• {ZåZ{b{IV ‘wX²Xm| Ho$ AmYma na " Zd {Z‘m©U ' H${dVm
Cn¶moJ h¢& Bg H$WZ Ho$ AmYma na " Zd {Z‘m©U ' H${dVm H$m
H$m agmñdmXZ H$s{OE&
agmñdmXZ H$s{OE&
CËVa : CËVa : H${d {ÌbmoMZ X²dmam MVwînXr N§>X ‘| a{MV H${dVm
(1) aMZm H$m erf©H$ … Zd {Z‘m©U&
" Zd {Z‘m©U ' H$m ‘ybVËËd OrdZ ‘| g§Kf© H$aZm ~Vm¶m J¶m
(2) aMZmH$ma : {ÌbmoMZ (‘ybZm‘  dmgwXod qgh) h¡& h‘mao g‘mO ‘| ì¶mßV Aݶm¶, A˶mMma, {df‘Vm Am{X H$m
(3) H${dVm H$s H|$Ðr¶ H$ënZm … àñVwV H${dVm ‘| g§Kf© H$aZo, ~mob~mbm h¡& H${d BZ ~wamB¶m| na H$m~y nmZo Ho$ {bE bmoJm| H$mo
AË`mMma, {df‘Vm VWm {Z~©bVm na {dO` nmZo H$m AmdmhZ ~b Am¡a gmhg EH$Ì H$aZo H$m AmdmhZ H$aVo h¢& ¶h gd© {d{XV
{H$`m J`m h¡ VWm g‘mO ‘| g‘mZVm, ñdV§ÌVm Ed§ ‘mZdVm H$s h¡ {H$ ¶o gmar ~wamB¶m± Hw$N> bmoJm| X²dmam AnZo emar[aH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$
ñWmnZm H$s ~mV H$hr JB© h¡& ~b H$m Xþén¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ H$maU nZnVr h¢& Bg{bE BZ na {dO¶
(4) ag-Ab§H$ma …   nmZo H$m ‘mJ© ^r ~b H$m à¶moJ hr h¡& ¶hm± ~b à¶moJ go H${d
(5) àVrH$ {dYmZ … H${dVm ‘| {dídmg Am¡a àoaUm H$s ‘mÌm H$m Ame¶ {H$gr Ho$ {déX²Y ~b H$m AZmdí¶H$ à¶moJ H$aZo go
Xem©Zo Ho$ {bE " AmH$me ' VWm Za-Zmar X²dmam ZE g‘mO H$s Z hmoH$a gVmE hþE, X~mE hþE ~bhrZ bmoJm| H$m ~b ~Z H$a
aMZm H$aZo H$m H${R>Z H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE " H$m±Q>m| Ho$ VmO ' boZo {XImZo go h¡& ~bhrZ {Zarh ì¶{³V¶m| na hmoZo dmbm Aݶm¶ Am¡a
O¡go àVrH$mo| H$m gw§Xa à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& A˶mMma V^r éH$ gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a V^r CÝh| g‘mO ‘| g‘mZVm H$m
(6) H$ënZm … X~o-Hw$Mbo bmoJm| Ho$ à{V AmemdmX Ed§ CËWmZ
XOm© {‘b gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a do {Z~©bVm na {dO¶ àmßV H$a gH|$Jo&
Ho$ ñda ~wb§X H$aZm& Bgr ~mV H$mo H${d AnZr H${dVm ‘| {~Zm {H$gr bmJ-bnoQ> Ho$
grYo-gmXo gab eãXm| ‘| Bg àH$ma H$hVo h¢ 
(7) ng§X H$s n§{³V¶m± VWm à^md … H${dVm H$s ng§X H$s
~b Zht hmoVm gVmZo Ho$ {bE,
n§{³V¶m± Bg àH$ma h¢ :
dh h¡ nr{‹S>V H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE&
{OgH$mo ‘§{Ob H$m nVm ahVm h¡,
~b {‘bm h¡, Vmo ~b ~Zmo g~Ho$,
nW Ho$ g§H$Q> H$mo dhr ghVm h¡,
CR> n‹S>mo ݶm¶ {XbmZo Ho$ {bE&
EH$ {XZ {gX²{Y Ho$ {eIa na ~¡R>
H${d Zo Bg H${dVm ‘| AnZr ~mV H$hZo Ho$ {bE Z H$ht ag-
AnZm B{Vhmg dhr H$hVm h¡& Ab§H$ma dmbr ûm¥§Jm[aH$ ^mfm H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a Z hr CÝh|
(8) H${dVm ng§X AmZo H$m H$maU … n«ñVwV n§pŠV`mo§ ‘| `h ~mV
AnZr ~mV H$hZo Ho$ {bE XþéhVm Ho$ ‘m¶mOmb ‘| hr \±$gZm n‹S>m
H$hr JB© h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma AnZo bú` H$m {ZYm©aU H$a boZo Ho$ ~mX h¡& H${dVm Ho$ empãXH$ eara Ho$ ê$n ‘| gab eãXm| H$s A{‘Km
‘Zwî` H$mo ha g‘` CgH$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ H$m‘ ‘| Or-OmZ go bJ e{³V VWm H${dVm H$m àgmX JwU H${dVm ‘| 춳V ^mdm| H$mo
OmZm Mm{hE& {’$a ‘mJ© ‘| {H$VZr ^r H${R>ZmB`m± Š`mo§ Z AmE±, CÝh| gabVmnyd©H$ AmË‘gmV H$aZo ‘| à‘wI ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVo h¢&
ghVo hwE {Za§Va AmJo hr ~‹T>Vo ahZm Mm{hE& EH$ {XZ Eogo ì`pŠV
H$mo g’$bVm {‘bH$a hr ahVr h¡& Eogo hr ì`pŠV bmoJmo§ Ho$ AmXe©
~Z OmVo h¢& bmoJ CZH$m JwUJmZ H$aVo h¡ Am¡a CZgo àoaUm boVo h¢&

10 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt

 gm{h˶ g§~§Yr gm‘mݶ kmZ

H¥${Vn{ÌH$m Ho$ àíZ 2 (B©) Ho$ {bE

* (1) MVwînXr Ho$ bjU {b{IE&
CËVa : MVwînXr Mm¡nmB© H$s ^m±{V Mma MaUmo§ dmbm N>§X hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ àW‘, X²{dVr` VWm MVwW© MaU ‘| n§pŠV`mo§ Ho$ VwH$ {‘bVo
h¢& Vrgao MaU H$m VwH$ Zht {‘bVm& àË`oH$ MVwînXr ^md Am¡a {dMma H$s ÑpîQ> go AnZo Amn ‘| nyU© hmoVr h¡ Am¡a H$moB© MVwînXr
{H$gr Xygar go g§~§{YV Zht hmoVr&
* (2) {ÌbmoMZ Or Ho$ Xmo H$mì` g§J«hmo§ Ho$ Zm‘ {b{IE&
CËVa : {ÌbmoMZ Or Ho$ Hw$b nm±M H$mì` g§J«h h¢  (1) YaVr (2) {XJ§V (3) Jwbm~ Am¡a ~wb~wb (4) Cg OZnX H$m H${d hy±
(5) g~ H$m AnZm AmH$me&

ì¶mH$aU
1.
Ab§H$ma : dm³¶ : a‘oe go g‘mO Ho$ {hV H$s Cå‘rX H$aZm ì`W© h¡,
• {ZåZ{b{IV n§pŠV`mo§ ‘| CX²Y¥V Ab§H$ma nhMmZH$a CgH$m dh h‘oem AnZm Cëby grYm H$aZo ‘| bJm ahVm h¡&
Zm‘ {b{IE : (2) {XZ XyZm amV Mm¡JwZm ~‹T>Zm&
(1) hm` ’y$b-gr H$mo‘b ~ÀMr& hwB© amI H$s Wr T>oar& AW© : {XZ à{V{XZ A{YH$ CÝZ{V H$aZm&
(2) ‘¡`m ‘¢ Vmo M§Ð {Ibm¡Zm b¡hmo§& dm³¶ : O~ go ‘wZr‘ Or H$s gbmh go goR> H$amo‹S>r‘b Zo
(3) Bg H$mb ‘mao H«$moY Ho$ VZw H$m±nZo CZH$m bJm&
H$m‘-H$mO ewê$ {H$`m h¡, V~ go CZH$m Y§Ym {XZ XyZm amV
‘mZmo hdm Ho$ Omoa go gmoVm hwAm gmJa OJm& Mm¡JwZm ~‹T>Vm Om ahm h¡&
CËVa :
4. H$mb n[adV©Z :
(1) Cn‘m Ab§H$ma& (2) ê$nH$ Ab§H$ma& (3) CËàojm Ab§H$ma&
• {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`mo§ Ho$ gmW Xr JB© gyMZm Ho$ AZwgma H$mb
2.
ag : n[adV©Z H$aHo$ dmŠ` {’$a go {b{IE :
• {ZåZ{b{IV n§pŠV`mo§ ‘| CX²Y¥V ag nhMmZH$a CgH$m (1) Vw‘Zo ‘wPo {dídmg {X`m h¡& (AnyU© dV©‘mZH$mb)
Zm‘ {b{IE :
(2) amh ‘| A±Yoam h¡& (gm‘mÝ` ^{dî`H$mb)
(1) Cg H$mb ‘mao H«$moY Ho$ VZ H$m±nZo CZH$m bJm&
(3) Za-Zmar gmW {ZH$b|Jo& (nyU© ^yVH$mb)
‘mZmo hdm Ho$ Omoa go gmoVm hwAm gmJa OJm&
CËVa :
(2) H$mhw Z bIm gmo M[aV {~goadm& gmo ñdê$n Z¥nH$Ý`m XoIm&
(1) Vw‘ ‘wPo {dídmg Xo aho hmo& (2) amh ‘| A±Yoam hmoJm&
‘H©$Q> ~XZ ^`§H$a Xohr& XoIV öX` H«$moY ^m Vohr&
(3) Za-Zmar gmW {ZH$bo Wo&
Oo{h {X{g ~¡R>o ZmaX ’y$br& gmo {X{g Vo{hZ {dbmoH$s ^ybr&
5. dm³¶ ewX²{YH$aU :
nw{Z nw{Z ‘w{Z CH$gqh AHw$bmht&
Xo{I Xem ha JmZ ‘wgwH$mht& *• {ZåZ{b{IV dm³¶ ewX²Y H$aHo$ {b{IE :
CËVa : (1) A{V{W AmE h¡, Ka ‘| gm‘mZ Zhr h¡&
(1) am¡Ð ag (2) hmñ` ag& (2) na§Vw A½`mZ ^r AnamY h¡&

3.
‘whmdao : (3) CgHo$ gË` H$m namO` hmo OmVm h¡&

• {ZåZ{b{IV ‘whmdam| H$m AW© {bIH$a dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ (4) àoaUm Am¡a VmH$X ~ZH$a nañna {dH$mg ‘| gh^mJr ~Z|&
H$s{OE : (5) {Xbrn AnZo ‘m±-~mn H$s BH$bm¡Vr g§VmZ Wr&
(1) AnZm Cëby grYm H$aZm& (6) Amn Bg eof {b’$m’o$ H$mo ImobH$a n‹T> br{OE&
AW© : AnZm ñdmW© {gX²Y H$aZm& (7) Cg ‘| ’w$b {~N>m X|&

1. Zd{Z‘m©U 11
 (8) H$hm± Imo JB© h¡ Amn& (4) àoaUmAm¡a VmH$V ~ZH$a nañna {dH$mg ‘| gh^mJr ~Z|&
(9) EH$ ‘¢ g’$b gyÌ g§MmbH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{gX²Y hmo J`m& (5) {Xbrn AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$s BH$bm¡Vr g§VmZ Wm&
(10) M
 bVo-MbVo h‘mao ~rM H$m A§Va H$‘ hmo J`m Wm& (6) eof Amn Bg {b’$m’o$ H$mo Imob H$a n‹T> br{OE&
CËVa : (7) Cg‘| ’y$b {~N>m X|&
(1) A{V{W AmE h¢, Ka ‘| gm‘mZ Zht h¡& (8) H$hm± Imo JB© h¢ Amn?
(2) na§Vw AkmZ ^r AnamY h¡& (9) ‘¢ EH$ g’$b gyÌ g§MmbH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{gX²Y hmo J`m&
(3) CgH$m gË` nam{OV hmo OmVm h¡& (10) h‘mao ~rM H$m A§Va MbVo-MbVo H$‘ hmo J`m Wm&

12 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt

 2 {Zambm ^mB©  ‘hmXodr d‘m©

boIH$ H$m n[aM¶

boIH$ H$m Zm‘ : lr‘Vr ‘hmXodr d‘m©& (OÝ‘ 26 ‘mM©, 1907; {ZYZ 1987.)
à‘wI H¥${V¶m± : Zrhma, apí‘, ZraOm, Xrn{eIm, gm§Ü¶JrV, ¶m‘m (H${dVm g§J«h), AVrV Ho$ Mb{MÌ, ñ‘¥{V H$s aoImE±,
‘oam n[adma (aoIm{MÌ), l¥§Ibm H$s H${‹S>¶m± VWm gm{h˶H$ma H$s AmñWm ({Z~§Y)&
{dYm : g§ñ‘aU&

  {df¶ àdoe : à{gX²Y H${d gy¶©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r " {Zambm ' H$s JUZm qhXr Ho$ loîR> H${d¶m| ‘| H$s OmVr h¡& do qhXr gm{h˶ ‘|
N>m¶mdmXr H${d Ed§ H«$m§{VH$mar ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZo OmVo h¢& à{gX²Y H$d{¶Ìr ‘hmXodr d‘m© Ed§ {Zambm Or XmoZm| H$m H$m¶©joÌ
à¶mJamO ahm h¡& Bg{bE ^r H$d{¶Ìr {Zambm Or H$mo ZOXrH$ go OmZVr-g‘PVr Am¡a CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd go JhamB© go n[a{MV ahr h¢&
  àñVwV g§ñ‘aU ‘| CÝhm|Zo {Zambm Or H$mo {OZ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘| XoIm Am¡a naIm h¡, Cgo CÝhm|Zo ~o~mH$s go eãXm§{H$V {H$¶m h¡&
Bg g§ñ‘aU go h‘| {Zambm Or Ho$ ’$³H$‹S>nZ, CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd, CZH$s {ZY©ZVm, CXmaVm, g§doXZerbVm, Am{V϶ gËH$ma H$s ^mdZm
VWm nm[adm[aH$ Xem Am{X Ho$ ~mao ‘| AZoH$ AZNw>B© ~mVm| H$s OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡&

nmR> H$m gma

H$d{¶Ìr ‘hmXodr d‘m© à{gX²Y H${d {Zambm Or Ho$ gmW K{Q>V Hw$N> {‘bm Cgo V»V na {~N>mH$a ~‹S>o ߶ma go CÝh| à{VpîR>V {H$¶m
H$B© KQ>ZmAm| H$s gmjr ahr h¢& CÝhm|Zo CÝh| ZOXrH$ go XoIm-g‘Pm Wm& A{V{W H$m gËH$ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo H$d{¶Ìr go EH$ ~ma
h¡& CÝhm|oZo Bg g§ñ‘aU ‘| CZHo$ gmW KQ>r hþB© AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| Am¡a ObmdZ bH$‹S>r Am¡a Kr VH$ ‘m±J {b¶m Wm&
CZHo$ ñd^md Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m {MÌU {H$¶m h¡& g‘H$mbrZ gm{h˶H$mam| H$s ì¶Wm Ho$ ~mao ‘| gwZH$a do {dM{bV
{Zambm Or g§doXZerb CXma, Am{V϶ào‘r, göX¶, ’$³H$‹S> hmo OmVo Wo& EH$ ~ma gw{‘ÌmZ§XZ n§V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w H$s PyR>r I~a
{H$ñ‘ Ho$ Am¡a gXm {ZY©ZVm ‘| OrdZ {~VmZo dmbo H${d aho h¢& n‹T>H$a do ~oM¡Z hmo JE Wo Am¡a gƒmB© OmZZo Ho$ {bE gmar amV
do ñnîQ>dmXr ì¶p³V Wo Am¡a AnZo ~mao ‘| ghr ~mV H$hZo go OmJVo hþE B§VOma H$aVo aho&
Zht MyH$Vo Wo& EH$ ~ma ajm~§YZ ˶mohma Ho$ Adga na H$d{¶Ìr EH$ ~ma Vmo CÝhm|Zo AnZo XmoZm| AYmodñÌ Am¡a CËVar¶ Joê$ ‘|
Zo CZH$s gyZr H$bmB¶m± XoIH$a BgHo$ ~mao ‘| nyN>m Vmo CÝhm|Zo Odm~ a§J S>mbo Wo& H$d{¶Ìr CZH$m ê$n XoIVr ah JB© Wt& H$hZo bJo,
{X¶m, ""H$m¡Z ~hZ ‘wP ^w³I‹S> H$mo ^mB© ~ZmEJr&'' ""A~ R>rH$ h¡& Ohm± nhþ±Mo, {H$gr Zr‘ ¶m nrnb Ho$ no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo
H${d AnZr CXmaVm Am¡a Xÿgam| H$m XþI Xÿa H$aZo H$s àd¥{ËV ~¡R> JE& Xmo amo{Q>¶m± ‘m±J H$a Im bt Am¡a JrV {bIZo bJo&''
Ho$ H$maU gXm V§Jr ‘| aho& do IwX H$îQ> gh boVo Wo na Xÿgam| H$m {Zambm Or Ho$ {demb S>rb-S>m¡b go XoIZo dmbo Ho$ öX¶ ‘|
H$îQ> Xÿa H$aHo$ ahVo Wo& EH$ ~ma Vmo CÝhm|Zo AnZo {bE ~ZdmB© JB© AmV§H$ CËnÝZ hmo OmVm Wm, na CZH$s AmË‘r¶Vm go ¶h ^¶
aOmB© Am¡a H$moQ> ^r {H$gr {R>Rw>aVo hþE H$mo Xo {X¶m Am¡a IwX H$m±nVo {Vamo{hV hmo OmVm Wm&
hþE ‘Oo go g{X©¶m± H$mQ> Xt& {Zambm Eogo ì¶p³VËd Wo {OZHo$ ~mao ‘| AbJ-AbJ ì¶p³V¶m|
Am{W©H$ g§H$Q> gXm CZH$m gmWr ahm& BgHo$ H$maU do AnZr
H$s AbJ-AbJ YmaUmE± Wt& H$moB© CZH$r CXmaVm H$s àe§gm H$aVo
‘mV¥{dhrZ g§VmZ H$s ^r C{MV XoI^mb Z H$a nmE& nwÌr Ho$ A§{V‘
Zht WH$Vm Vmo H$moB© CZHo$ CX²YV ì¶dhma H$s qZXm H$aVo Zht
jUm| ‘| Aghm¶ ~Zo aho Am¡a nwÌ H$mo C{MV {ejm Z Xo nmE&
EH$ ~ma Vmo CÝhm|Zo H$d{¶Ìr H$mo 300 énE XoH$a AnZo IM© H$m hmaVm& na CÝh| g‘P nmZm ha {H$gr Ho$ de H$s ~mV Zht Wr&
~OQ> ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE H$hm Wm& na ~OQ> ~ZVo-~ZVo VH$ gmao n¡go {Zambm Or AnZo ¶wJ H$s {d{eîQ> à{V^m Wo& do EH$ {dÐmohr
boH$a Oê$aV‘§X bmoJm| H$mo Xo S>mbo& gm{h˶H$ma Wo& H$d{¶Ìr H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ {Zambm Or {H$gr Xþb©^
EH$ ~ma à{gX²Y H${d ‘¡{WbreaU JwßV Zo CZH$m Am{V϶ J«hU grn ‘| T>bo gwS>m¡b ‘moVr Zht Wo, do Vmo AZJ‹T> nmag Ho$ ^mar
{H$¶m Wm& O~ do AmE Vmo do {X¶mgbmB© Ho$ àH$me ‘| CÝh| boH$a {ebmI§S> Wo& nmag H$s A‘yë¶Vm Xÿgam| H$m ‘yë¶ ~‹T>mZo ‘| hmoVr
V§J gr{‹T>¶m| go hmoH$a AnZo gw{dYm a{hV H$j ‘| nhþ±Mo Vmo dhm± h¡& CgHo$ ‘yë¶ ‘| Vmo Z H$moB© Hw$N> Omo‹S> gH$Vm h¡, Z Hw$N> KQ>m
T>§J H$m {~ñVa ^r Zht Wm& {’$a CÝhm|Zo Ka ‘| YmoVr, MmXa Omo gH$Vm h¡&
2. {Zambm ^mB© 13
 H¥${V-ñdmÜ`m` Ed§ CËVa
H¥${Vn{ÌH$m Ho$ àíZ 1 (A) VWm àíZ 1 (Am) Ho$ {bE H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
(1) AmH¥${V nyU© H$s{OE :
JX²¶m§e H«$. 1
(1)
àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV n{R>V JX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB©
gyMZmAm| Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE : bo{IH$m Ho$ gm‘Zo ¶o {MÌ Wo 
JX²¶m§e H«$. 1 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 6)
EH$ ¶wJ ~rV OmZo na ^r ‘oar ñ‘¥{V go EH$ KQ>m ^ar
Alw‘wIr gmdZr ny{U©‘m H$s aoImE± Zht {‘Q> gH$s h¢& CZ
(2)
aoImAm| Ho$ CObo a§J Z OmZo {H$g ì¶Wm go Jrbo h¢ {H$ A~
VH$ gyI ^r Zht nmE, C‹S>Zm Vmo Xÿa H$s ~mV h¡& H${d Ho$ Odm~ na H$d{¶Ìr H$m VH©$ 
Cg {XZ ‘¢ {~Zm Hw$N> gmoMo hþE hr ^mB© {Zambm Or go nyN>
~¡R>r Wr, "AmnHo$ {H$gr Zo amIr Zht ~m±Yr?' Adí¶ hr Cg
g‘¶ ‘oao gm‘Zo CZH$s ~§YZeyݶ H$bmB© Am¡a nrbo H$ƒo gyV H$s
(2) CËVa {b{IE :
T>oam| am{I¶m± boH$a Ky‘Zo dmbo ¶O‘mZ-Imo{O¶m| H$m {MÌ Wm&
na AnZo àíZ Ho$ CËVa Zo ‘wPo jU ^a Ho$ {bE Mm¢H$m {X¶m& • {Zambm Or Zo 
"H$m¡Z ~{hZ h‘ O¡go ^w³I‹S> H$mo ^mB© ~ZmdoJr!' ‘| CËVa (1) ¶h aMm 
XoZo dmbo Ho$ EH$mH$s OrdZ H$s ì¶Wm Wr ¶m MwZm¡Vr, ¶h H$hZm
(2) ¶h {H$¶m 
H${R>Z h¡ na OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ {H$gr A춳V MwZm¡Vr Ho$ Am^mg
Zo hr ‘wPo Cg hmW Ho$ A{^foH$ H$s àoaUm Xr, {OgZo {Xì¶
dU©-J§Y ‘Ywdmbo JrV gw‘Zm| go ^maVr H$s AM©Zm ^r H$s h¡
CËVa
Am¡a ~V©Z ‘m±OZo, nmZr ^aZo O¡gr H${R>Z l‘gmYZm go CËnÝZ (1) (1)
ñdoX q~XþAm| go {‘Q²>Q>r H$m ûm¥§Jma ^r {H$¶m h¡&
{XZ-amV Ho$ nJm| go dfm] H$s gr‘m nma H$aZo dmbo AVrV Zo bo{IH$m Ho$ gm‘Zo ¶o {MÌ Wo 
AmJ Ho$ Ajam| ‘| Am±gy Ho$ a§J ^a-^aH$a Eogr AZoH$ {MÌH$WmE±
Am±H$ S>mbr h¢, {OVZr Bg ‘hmZ H${d Am¡a AgmYmaU ‘mZd Ho$ {Zambm Or H$s ~§YZeyݶ am{I¶m± boIH$ Ky‘Zo dmbo
OrdZ H$s ‘m{‘©H$ Pm±H$s {‘b gH$Vr h¡ na CZ g~H$mo g±^mb H$bmB© H$m& ¶O‘mZ-ImoOr bmoJm| H$m
gHo$; Eogm EH$ {MÌmYma nm boZm ghO Zht&
(2)
eãXmW© H${d Ho$ Odm~ na H$d{¶Ìr H$m VH©$ 
KQ>m  Ob ^ao H$mbo ~mXbm| H$m g‘yh& Alw‘wIr  éAm±gr&
ì¶Wm  nr‹S>m, XþI& ¶O‘mZ  ¶k H$amZodmbm, nwamo{hV go H${d H$m Odm~ ³¶m ³¶m ¶h H$moB© A춳V
Ym{‘©H$ H¥$˶ H$amZo dmbm& ^w³I‹S>  noQy>, H§$Jmb& CZHo$ EH$mH$s OrdZ H$s MwZm¡Vr Wr?
AM©Zm  nyOm, d§XZm& ñdoX  ngrZm& Am±H$Zm  AZw‘mZ ì¶Wm Wr?
H$aZm&
(2) {Zambm Or Zo 
{ZX}e : JX²¶I§S> H$m nhbm n[aÀNo>X nyam {X¶m J¶m h¡& BgHo$ ~mX (1) ¶h aMm   {Xì¶ dU©-J§Ydmbo ‘Ywa JrV&
dmbo n[aÀNo>Xm| Ho$ Ama§^ Am¡a A§V Ho$ eãX nmR²>¶nwñVH$ Ho$ (2) ¶h {H$¶m    ~V©Z ‘m±OZo, nmZr ^aZo O¡go H${R>Z H$m‘&
n¥îR> H«$‘m§H$ g{hV {XE OmE±Jo& {dX²¶mWu H¥$n¶m nmR²>¶nwñVH$ go
nyam n[aÀNo>X n‹T|>&
14 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm) H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
(1) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ {déX²YmWu eãX {b{IE : (1) AmH¥${V nyU© H$s{OE :
(1) H$ƒo  (2) àíZ  H$d{¶Ìr H$m AnZm {hgm~-{H$Vm~ aIZo g§~§Yr {Z¶‘ 
(3) H${R>Z  (4) OrdZ 
(2) JX²¶m§e ‘| à¶w³V eãX-¶w½‘ Ty>±‹T>H$a {b{IE :
(1) (2) (2)
{b{IE :
CËVa   *• 
bo[IH$m Ho$ nmg aIo VrZ gm¡ énE Bg àH$ma g‘mßV
hmo JE 
(1) (1) H$ƒo  n³Ho$ (2) àíZ  CËVa (1)
(3) H${R>Z  gab (4) OrdZ  ‘aU& (2)
(2) (1) dU©-J§Y (2) {XZ-amV& (3)
(4)
H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V)
(3) {H$gr Aݶ H$m H$îQ> Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE bwßV hmo JB© dñVwE± 
  * • " ^mB©-~hZ H$m [aíVm AZyR>m hmoVm h¡ ' Bg {df¶ na 40 go 50
(1)
eãXm| ‘| AnZm ‘V {b{IE&
(2)
CËVa : EH$ ‘mVm go CËnÝZ ^mB¶m| AWdm ^mB©-~hZm| H$m [aíVm
{Zambm hmoVm h¡& ¶h [aíVm AQy>Q> hmoVm h¡& ~MnZ ‘| do gmW-gmW CËVa
IobVo, ~‹T>Vo Am¡a n‹T>Vo h¢& OrdZ ‘| KQ>Zo dmbr AZoH$ AÀN>r
~war KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ gmjr hmoVo h¢& ~‹S>o hmoZo na ~hZ H$s emXr hmo (1)
OmZo na CgH$m Z¶m Ka ~g OmVm h¡& {’$a ^r CgH$m bJmd AnZo H$d{¶Ìr H$m AnZm {hgm~-{H$Vm~ aIZo g§~§Yr {Z¶‘ 
‘m¶Ho$ Ho$ n[adma Ho$ gmW ~Zm ahVm h¡& O~ ^r nrha AmZo H$m
H$moB© ‘m¡H$m AmVm h¡, dh Cgo H$^r J±dmZm Zht MmhVr& nrha ‘|
Z Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ Z Amdí¶H$Vm go H$‘
AmH$a Cgo Omo Iwer {‘bVr h¡, CgH$m dU©Z Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
ajm~§YZ Ho$ ˶mohma na dh H$ht ^r hmo, AnZo ^mB© H$s H$bmB© na IM© H$aZm IM© H$aZm
amIr ~m±YZo Am¡a CgH$s AmaVr CVmaZo Oê$a nhþ±MVr h¡& ^mB©-~hZ (2) bo[IH$m Ho$ nmg aIo VrZ gm¡ énE Bg àH$ma g‘mßV
H$m ¶h {‘bZ AZyR>m hmoVm h¡& ^mB© ^r Bg Adga na Cgo AnZr hmo JE 
j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma AÀN>o-go-AÀN>m Cnhma XoZo go Zht MyH$Vm& ¶h (1)  {H$gr {dX²¶mWu H$m narjm ewëH$ XoZo Ho$ {bE 50 énE
CZHo$ AQy>Q> ߶ma Am¡a AZyRo> [aíVo H$m hr à‘mU h¡& {bE&
(2) {H$gr gm{hp˶H$ {‘Ì H$mo XoZo Ho$ {bE 60 énE {bE&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 2 (3)  Vm§Jodmbo H$s ‘m± H$mo ‘ZrAmS>©a H$aZo Ho$ {bE 40 énE
àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV n{R>V JX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB© {bE&
gyMZmAm| Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE : (4)  {Xd§JV {‘Ì H$s ^VrOr Ho$ {ddmh Ho$ {bE 100 énE
{bE& Vrgao {XZ O‘m n¡go g‘mßV&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 2 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 6)
(3) {H$gr Aݶ H$m H$îQ> Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE bwßV hmo JB© dñVwE± 
CZHo$ AñV-ì¶ñV Omo gmYZ ‘mÌ h¡&
(1) aOmB© (2) H$moQ>&
eãXmW©
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm)
{Z~ªY  ~§YZ a{hV& XþîH$a  {Ogo H$aZm H${R>Z hmo&
• {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ g‘mZmWu eãX {b{IE :
Zm{dV  ZmB©& A§VYm©Z>  AÑí¶& Am¡T>aXmZr  A˶§V
(1) AmXoe  (2) XþîH$a 
CXmaVmnyd©H$ XmZ H$aZo dmbm&
(3) A§VYm©Z  (4) {Xd§JV 

2. {Zambm ^mB© 15
 CËVa * (2) A{V{W H$s gw{dYm hoVw {Zambm Or ¶o MrO| bo AmE 
(1)
(1) AmXoe  hþH$‘ (2) XþîH$a  H${R>Z (2)
(3) A§VYm©Z  AÑí¶ (4) {Xd§JV  ‘¥V& (3)
(4)

H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V) (3) A{V{W Ho$ {bE {Zambm Or ‘m±J {b¶m H$aVo Wo 
(1)
• " {Z~ªY CXmaVm ' Ho$ ~mao ‘| AnZm ‘V 40 go 50 eãXm| ‘|
춳V {H${OE& (2)

CËVa : ‘Zwî¶ hr ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ H$m‘ AmVm h¡& {H$gr Ho$ XþIXX© go (4) A{V{W XodVm Ho$ {bE {Zambm Or em¡H$ go ¶o H$aVo Wo 
ghmZw^y{V aIZm AWdm CgH$s Am{W©H$ ‘XX H$aZm ‘Zwî¶ H$m Y‘© (1)

h¡& Bggo Oê$aV‘§X ì¶{³V H$mo amhV Am¡a Z¡{VH$ gh¶moJ {‘bVm h¡& (2)
AZoH$ g§nÝZ ì¶{³V Ed§ ~‹S>r-~‹S>r g§ñWmE± Bg àH$ma H$m gh¶moJ
XoZo H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢& H$B© gmYmaU ì¶{³V ^r AnZr j‘Vm Ho$
CËVa
AZwgma AnZo OmZ-nhMmZ dmbo bmoJm| H$s ‘XX H$aVo h¢& na (1) {Zambm Or H$m H$j Eogm Wm 
gm‘mݶ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE {H$gr H$s Am{W©H$ ghm¶Vm H$aZo H$s EH$ (1) H$j ‘| OmZo H$m ‘mJ© V§J gr{‹T>¶m| go hmoH$a Wm&
gr‘m hmoVr h¡& Cgo g~go nhbo AnZm Ka-~ma XoIZm n‹S>Vm h¡& (2) àH$me a{hV Wm&
AJa H$moB© ì¶{³V AnZr j‘Vm go A{YH$ CXmaVm ~aVZo bJVm (3) gwI-gw{dYmhrZ&
h¡, Vmo CgH$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V AñV-ì¶ñV hmo OmVr h¡& "A{V' (2) A{V{W H$s gw{dYm hoVw {Zambm Or ¶o MrO| bo AmE 
{H$gr H$s AÀN>r Zht hmoVr& ha H$m‘ AnZr gr‘m ‘| hr \$~Vm (1) Z¶m K‹S>m IarXH$a bmE&
h¡& Bg{bE {Z~ªY CXmaVm AZw{MV hr Zht h¡, ¶h {H$gr H$s ^r
(2) Cg‘| J§JmOb ^a bmE&
Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$mo S>m±dmS>mob H$a gH$Vr h¡&
(3) YmoVr&
(4) MmXa&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 3
(3) A{V{W Ho$ {bE {Zambm Or ‘m±J {b¶m H$aVo Wo 
àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV n{R>V JX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB©
(1) bH${‹S>¶m±
gyMZmAm| Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE :
(2) Wmo‹S>m Kr&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 3 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 6) (4) A{V{W XodVm Ho$ {bE {Zambm Or em¡H$ go ¶o H$aVo Wo 
dh g§Ü¶m ‘oar {H$gmZ ‘| {‘bVm h¡& (1) A{V{W Ho$ {bE ^moOZ ~ZmZo H$m H$m‘&

eãXmW© (2) CZHo$ OyR>o ~V©Z ‘m±OZm&

Am{V϶  A{V{W gËH$ma& Xr¶m  XrnH$& Ambm  VmI& H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm)
AmbmoH$>  àH$me& ñ‘¥{V  ¶mX& * {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ g‘mZmWu eãX {b{IE …
H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ) (1) àhar  (2) A{V{W 
(1) {b{IE : (3) à¶mg  (3) ñ‘¥{V 
• {Zambm Or H$m H$j Eogm Wm 
(1) CËVa
(2) (1) àhar  X²dmanmb (2) A{V{W  ‘oh‘mZ
(3) gwI-gw{dYmhrZ& (3) à¶mg  à¶ËZ (3) ñ‘¥{V  ¶mX

16 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt

H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V) (2) JX²¶m§e ‘| C{ëb{IV nmÌ 
• " A{V{W Xodmo ^d ' Ho$ ~mao ‘| AnZo {dMma 40 go 50 eãXm| ‘|
{b{IE&
CËVa : A{V{W¶m| H$m ñdmJV-gËH$ma H$aZm h‘mao Xoe Ho$ bmoJm|
Ho$ g§ñH$ma H$m EH$ A§J ahm h¡& A{V{W Ho$ ñdmJV ‘| bmoJ H$moB© ‘hmXodr d‘m©
H$ga ~mH$s Zht aIVo& Ka ‘| H$moB© gm‘mZ Z hmo, Vmo {H$gr Ho$ ¶hm± (2) Mm¡IQ> nyU© H$s{OE :
go ‘m±J-Om±M H$a bo AmZo ‘| ^r bmoJ Zht {hMH$Vo& na A{V{W (1) Joê$ ‘| a§Jo hþE dñÌ& 
H$s godm H$aZo ‘| H$moB© H$ga Zht aIVo& gwerb A{V{W ‘oO~mZ
(2) eara na Bg dñÌ H$m A^md Wm& 
H$s j‘Vm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a CgHo$ gmW nyam gh¶moJ H$aVo
h¢& ‘oO~mZ H$s Va’$ go H$ht H$moB© H$‘r ^r ah OmVr h¡ Vmo ^r (3) JX²¶m§e ‘| à¶w³V Xmo d¥j& 
CgHo$ gmW gh¶moJ H$aVo h¢& Eogo A{V{W ‘oO~mZ Ho$ {bE Xod (4) H${d H$m J¡[aH$ eara Eogm bJVm Wm& 
ñdê$n hmoVo h¢& na Hw$N> A{V{W Eogo hmoV¡ h¢, Omo ‘oO~mZ H$s Va’$
go Amd^JV ‘| H$ht H$moB© H$‘r ah OmZo na CgH$s qZXm H$aZo (3) CËVa {b{IE :
go ^r Zht MyH$Vo& Hw$N> A{V{W "‘mZ Z ‘mZ ‘¢ Voam ‘oh‘mZ' H$s • H${d Ho$ g§Ý¶mg go bo{IH$m H$mo 
Vah ‘oO~mZ Ho$ Ka Am Y‘H$Vo h¢ Am¡a OmZo H$m Zm‘ hr Zht (1) bm^ 
boVo& Eogo A{V{W ‘oO~mZ Ho$ {bE ^ma ñdê$n hmoVo h¢& Omo A{V{W (2) hm{Z 
‘oO~mZ H$s gw{dYm-Agw{dYm H$m ܶmZ aIVo h¢, dhr A{V{W Xod
ñdê$n hmoVo h¢& CËVa
(1) (1)
JX²¶m§e H«$. 4 {Zambm Or Ho$ AZwgma nwañH$ma ‘| àmßV YZ 
àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV n{R>V JX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB©
gyMZmAm| Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE : g§H$pënV YZ AnZo {bE CgH$m
Cn¶moJ AZw{MV h¡&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 4 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 7)
(2)
nwañH$ma ‘| {‘bo {Zambm Or ‘| hr nmB© h¡&
JX²¶m§e ‘| C{ëb{IV nmÌ 
eãXmW©
g§H$pënV  {OgH$m g§H$ën {ZíM¶ {H$¶m J¶m hmo& H${d {Zambm dg§V
{Zî’$b  ì¶W©& An[aJ«hr d¥{ËV  {H$gr go Hw$N> Z J«hU
H$aZo H$s ^mdZm& ‘YwH$ar  ^moOZ H$s {^jm& n[ahmg  Omoa ‘hmXodr d‘m©
H$s h±gr, ‘OmH$& AZwVmn  IoX, a§O& àem§V  em§V {H$¶m
hþAm& {Z{Y  IOmZm& AYmodñÌ  ZrMo nhZo OmZo dmbo (2) (1) Joê$ ‘| a§Jo hþE dñÌ&  XmoZm| AYmodñÌ
Am¡a CËVar¶
dñÌ&
(2) eara na Bg dñÌ H$m A^md Wm&  A§JmoN>m
H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
(3) JX²¶m§e ‘| à¶w³V Xmo d¥j&  Zr‘-nrnb
(1) AmH¥${V nyU© H$s{OE :
(4) H${d H$m J¡[aH$ eara Eogm bJVm Wm  Joê$ Ho$ nd©V Ho$
(1)
{Zambm Or Ho$ AZwgma nwañH$ma ‘| àmßV YZ  {H$gr {eIa
O¡gm&

2. {Zambm ^mB© 17
(3) H${d Ho$ g§Ý¶mg go bo{IH$m H$mo  H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
(1) bm^   gm~wZ Ho$ n¡go ~M|Jo&
(1) {b{IE :
(2) hm{Z  OmZo H$hm±-H$hm± N>ßna S>bdmZo n‹S>|Jo&
• {Zambm Or Bg ÑpîQ> go {Zambo Wo 
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm) (1)

• {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ dMZ ~Xb H$a {b{IE : (2) OrdZ ‘|

(1) {Z{Y¶m±  (2) dñÌm|  (3)
(3) amo{Q>¶m±  (4) nwÌm¢  (2) CËVa {b{IE :
CËVa (1) XoIZo dmbm| Ho$ öX¶ ‘| Bggo AmV§H$ CËnÝZ hmoVm Wm 
(2) g˶ ÑîQ>m Eogo hmoVo h¢ 
(1) {Z{Y¶m±  {Z{Y (2) dñÌm|  dñÌ
(3) Aݶm¶ Ho$ à{VH$ma H$m {Zambm Or H$m VarH$m 
(3) amo{Q>¶m±  amoQ>r (4) nwÌm¢  nwÌ
(4) {Zambm Or H$s boIZr H$s {deofVm 
H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V)
(3) g§~§Y {Zê${nV H$s{OE …>
• " gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m| go OZVm H$m ‘moh^§J ' Bg {df¶ na 40 go 50
(1) H«y$aVm 
eãXm| ‘| AnZm ‘V 춳V H$s{OE&
CËVa : EH$ g‘¶ Wm O~ bmoJ gmYw-g§Vm| Am¡a g§Ý¶m{g¶m| H$m (2) H$m¶aVm 
~‹S>m gå‘mZ H$aVo Wo& do g‘mO ‘| ~‹S>o gå‘mZ H$s XpîQ> go XoIo (4) AmH¥${V nyU© H$s{OE :
OmVo Wo& do g‘mO-gwYma Am¡a OZVm Ho$ {hV Ho$ H$m¶© {H$¶m H$aVo
H${d {Zambm Eogo h¢ 
Wo Am¡a ~Xbo ‘| OZVm go H$moB© Anojm Zht H$aVo Wo& bo{H$Z hmb
‘| O~ go gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m| Ho$ dof ‘| Hw$N> T>m|Jr bmoJm| Zo gmYw-
{dMmam| go  AmMaU go 
g§Ý¶m{g¶m| H$s O‘mV H$mo AnZo g‘mO-{damoYr H$m¶m] go ~XZm‘
H$a {X¶m h¡, V~ go bmoJm| H$mo BZgo K¥Um hmo JB© h¡& Eogm Zht
h¡ {H$ gƒo gmYw-g§Ý¶mgr h¢ hr Zht& h¢, bo{H$Z BZ T>m|Jr gmYw-
g§Ý¶m{g¶m| Zo CZH$s N>{~-Yy{‘b H$a Xr h¡& T>m|Jr gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m|
Ho$ ~rM gƒo gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m| H$mo nhMmZZm ‘wpíH$b hmo J¶m h¡& CËVa
gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m| go OZVm H$m ‘moh^§J T>m|Jr gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m| H$s
O‘mV Ho$ H$maU hþAm h¡& gƒo gmYw-g§Ý¶m{g¶m| H$s OZVm AmO (1) {Zambm Or Bg ÑpîQ> go {Zambo Wo 
^r ‘warX h¡& (1) AnZo eara H$s ÑpîQ> go&
(2) OrdZ ‘|&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 5 (3) AnZo gm{h˶ H$s ÑpîQ> go&

àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV n{R>V JX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB© (2) (1) XoIZo dmbm| Ho$ öX¶ ‘| Bggo AmV§H$ CËnÝZ hmoVm Wm 
gyMZmAm| Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE : {Zambm Or H$m {demb S>rb-S>m¡b XoIH$a&
(2) g˶ÑîQ>m Eogo hmoVo h¢  ~mbH$m| O¡go gab Am¡a {dídmgr&
JX²¶m§e H«$. 5 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 5)
(3) Aݶm¶ Ho$ à{VH$ma H$m {Zambm Or H$m VarH$m  boIZr Ho$
{Zambm Or AnZo dñVwE± ^r ZîQ> hmo OmE±&
nhbo hmW CR>mZm&
eãXmW©
(4) {Zambm Or H$s boIZr H$s {deofVm  CZH$s boIZr hmW go
gm‘§Oñ¶  AZwHy$bVm& g§{Y  ‘ob& à{VH$ma  {damoY& A{YH$ H$R>moa àhma H$aVr Wr&
‘{bZ  ‘¡bm, Yy{‘b& Va§Jm{¶V  Va§J¶w³V& ^§{J‘m  (3) >(1) H«y$aVm  d¥¥j H$s O‹S> Ho$ A춳V ag ‘|
dH«$Vm, Hw${Q>bVm& H«y$aVm  {ZX©¶Vm& H«$m§VXeu  gd©k& (2) H$m¶aVm  d¥j Ho$ ’$b Ho$ 춳V ñdmX ‘|&

18 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt

(4)
JX²¶m§e H«$. 6
H${d {Zambm Eogo h¢  àíZ. {ZåZ{b{IV n{R>V JX²¶m§e n‹T>H$a Xr JB©
gyMZmAm| Ho$ AZwgma H¥${V¶m± H$s{OE :
{dMmam| go  AmMaU go 
JX²¶m§e H«$. 6 : (nmR²>¶nwñVH$ n¥îR> H«$. 8  9)
Eogo Xmo ì¶{³V CgH$s Cnojm Ho$ nmÌ ~Zo&
H«$m§VXeu H«$m§{VH$mar
eãXmW©
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm) CX²YV  COS²>S>, A³I‹S>& qH$dX§{V¶m±  OZlw{V,
A’$dmh& ~~©a  Agä¶, O§Jbr, COS²>S>& òîQ>m  aM{¶Vm&
• {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ g‘mZmWu eãX {b{IE …
^«m§{V¶m|  ^«‘m|, g§Xohm|& à{V^m  {dbjU ~m¡X²{YH$ e{³V&
(1) eara  (2) g˶ 
bm¡hgma  bmoho H$m H$R>Yam& H$m|nb  ZB© n{ËV¶m±&
(3) à{VH$ma  (3) H$R>moa 
H¥${V 1 : (AmH$bZ)
CËVa (1) CËVa {b{IE :
(1) eara  VZ (2) g˶  gƒmB© • {Zambm Or Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mao ‘| OZ-‘V 
(1)
(3) à{VH$ma  {damoY (4) H$R>moa  H$‹S>m
(2)
H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V) (2) g§Omb nyU© H$s{OE :
• " Aݶm¶ ghZ H$aZm ^r Aݶm¶ h¡& ' Bg {df¶ na 40 go 50
eãXm| ‘| AnZo {dMma {b{IE&
CËVa : g^r ‘Zwî¶ g‘mZ h¢& {H$gr H$mo ^r {H$gr Ho$ gmW
‘Zwî¶ Om{V X²dmam AnZo go loîR> ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
Aݶm¶ H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma Zht h¡& BgHo$ ~mdOyX Hw$N> bmoJ Eogo gmW {H$E JE H«y$a ì¶dhma 
hmoVo h¢, Omo AnZo go H$‘Omoa ì¶p³V¶m| na A˶mMma H$aZo go Zht
MyH$Vo& H$^r {H$Ýht H$maUm| go {OZHo$ gmW Aݶm¶ hmoVm h¡, do
CgH$m {damoY ^r Zht H$a nmVo& do g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {damoY H$aZo H$m
n[aUm‘ CëQ>m hmoJm Am¡a A˶mMmar Cgo Am¡a gVmZo H$s H$mo{ee (3) H¥${V nyU© H$s{OE …
H$aoJm& bo{H$Z ¶h gmoM C{MV Zht h¡& Aݶm¶ H$m {damoY Z H$aZo (1) {Zambm AnZo ¶wJ H$s ¶h h¢ 
go A˶mMmar H$m ‘Z Am¡a ~‹T> OmVm h¡& dh g‘P OmVm h¡ {H$ (2) CZHo$ OrdZ Ho$ Mmam| Amoa ¶h Zht h¡ 
CgHo$ A˶mMma H$m {damoY H$aZo H$s g§~§{YV ì¶{³V ‘| e{³V Zht (3) CZHo$ {bE n[adma Ho$ H$m|nb ¶h ~Z JE 
h¡& Bg{bE Eogo bmoJm| na A˶mMma H$aZm AnZm A{YH$ma ‘mZ (4) Am{W©H$ H$maUm| go CÝh| ¶h Zht {‘br 
boVm h¡ Am¡a dh {ZS>a hmoH$a CZ na A˶mMma H$aVm ahVm h¡& (4)
Bg Vah A˶mMma ghZ H$aZm AnZo Amn na Aݶm¶ hmo OmVm
h¡& AV… Aݶm¶ H$m S>Q> H$a gm‘Zm H$aZm Mm{hE& V^r Cggo
‘w{³V {‘b gH$Vr h¡&
JX²¶m§e ‘| Cpëb{IV {Zambm Or Ho$ n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ 

2. {Zambm ^mB© 19
 AmXa H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Cgo AnZm ߶ma XoVo h¢& ‘Ja g~ bmoJ Eogo
CËVa
Zht hmoVo& Hw$N> bmoJ {d{^ÝZ H$maUm| go g‘mO go H$Q>o-H$Q>o ahVo
(1) (1) H$moB© CZH$s CXmaVm H$s ^y[a-^y[a àe§gm H$aVm Wm& h¢ Am¡a "AnZr S>\$br AnZm amJ' {dMma dmbo hmoVo h¢& do AnZo
(2) H$moB© CZHo$ CX²YV ì¶dhma H$s qZXm H$aVo Zht hmaVm Wm& K‘§S> ‘| Mya ahVo h¢ Am¡a {H$gr Aݶ H$s nadmh Zht H$aVo& Eogo
(2) bmoJm| H$mo g‘mO Vmo ³¶m H$moB© ^r ng§X Zht H$aVm& Eogo bmoJm|
ì¶p³V H$mo ~m±Q> XoZm Cgo {df Xo XoZm
H$mo g‘mO ‘| gå‘mZ Zht {‘bVm& Bg{bE ‘Zwî¶ H$mo göX¶r Am¡a
g§ñH$maerb hmoZm Oê$ar h¡&
‘Zwî¶ Om{V X²dmam AnZo go loîR> ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
gmW {H$E JE H«y$a ì¶dhma 
nmR> na AmYm[aV bKyËVar àíZ

gybr na M‹T>mZm Jmobr H$m bú¶ ~ZmZm H¥${Vn{ÌH$m Ho$ àíZ 1 (B) Ho$ {bE
(3) (1) {d{eîQ> à{V‘m
* (1) {Zambm Or H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmE± 80 go 100 eãXm| ‘|
(2) n[adma H$m bm¡hgma Koam&
(3) nËZr {d¶moJ Ho$ nVP‹S>&
{b{IE&
(4) AnZr g§VmZ Ho$ à{V H$V©ì¶-{Zdm©h H$s gw{dYm&
CËVa : {Zambm Or ‘mZdVm Ho$ nwOmar Wo& CZ‘| ‘mZdr¶ JwU
(4)
Hy$Q>-Hy$Q> H$a ^ao hþE Wo& CÝh| ñd¶§ go A{YH$ Xÿgam| H$s A{YH$
‘mVm ~hZ qMVm hmoVr Wr& IwX {ZY©ZVm ‘| OrdZ {~VmVo aho, na Xÿgam| Ho$
Am{W©H$ XþIm| H$m ^ma CR>mZo Ho$ {bE gXm VËna ahVo Wo& Am{V϶
JX²¶m§e ‘| Cpëb{IV {Zambm Or Ho$ n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶  H$aZo ‘| CZH$m Odm~ Zht Wm& A{V{W¶m| H$mo gXm hmW na {b¶o
ahVo Wo& CZHo$ {bE IwX ^moOZ ~ZmZo Am¡a ~V©Z ‘m±OZo ‘| CÝh|
^mB© nwÌr-nwÌ hf© hmoVm Wm& Ka ‘| gm‘mZ Z hmoZo na A{V{W¶m| Ho$ {bE {‘Ìm| go
Hw$N> MrO| ‘m±J bmZo ‘| e‘© Z{ht H$aVo Wo& CXma BVZo Wo {H$ AnZo
H¥${V 2 : (eãX g§nXm) Cn¶moJ H$s dñVwE± ^r Xÿgam| H$mo Xo XoVo Wo Am¡a IwX H$îQ> CR>mVo Wo&
gmWr gm{h˶H$mam| Ho$ {bE CZHo$ ‘Z ‘| ~hþV bJmd Wm& EH$
∙ JX²¶m§e ‘| à¶w³V CngJ©¶w³V eãX Ty>±‹T> H$a {b{IE …
~ma H${d gw{‘ÌmZ§XZ n§V H$o ñdJ©dmg H$s PyR>r I~a gwZH$a do
(1) (2)
ì¶{WV hmo JE Wo Am¡a CÝhm|Zo nyar amV OmJ H$a {~Vm Xr Wr&
(3) (4)
{Zambm Or nwañH$ma ‘| {‘bo YZ H$m ^r AnZo {bE Cn¶moJ
CËVa Zht H$aVo Wo& AnZr An[aJ«hr d¥pËV Ho$ H$maU CÝh| ‘YwH$ar ImZo
(1) Ag’$bVm (2) {Zî’$b VH$ H$s Zm¡~V ^r AmB© Wr& Bg ~mV H$mo do ~‹S>o {ZíN>b ^md
(3) gOmVr¶ (4) A{^emn& go ~VmVo Wo&
CZH$m {demb S>rb-S>m¡b XoIZo dmbm| Ho$ öX¶ ‘| AmV§H$
H¥${V 3 : (A{^ì¶{³V) n¡Xm H$a XoVm Wm, na CZHo$ ‘wI H$s gab AmË‘r¶Vm Bgo Xÿa H$a
XoVr Wr&
*∙ " g^r H$m AmXa nmÌ ~ZZ Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$m göX¶r Am¡a
g§ñH$maerb hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ' Bg H$WZ na 40 go 50 eãXm| ‘| {Zambm Or go Aݶm¶ ghZ Zht hmoVm Wm& BgHo$ {damoY ‘|
AnZm ‘V {b{IE& CZH$m hmW Am¡a CZH$s boIZr XmoZm| Mb OmVo Wo&
CËVa : ‘Zwî¶ EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& dh AnZo n[adma Am¡a {Zambm Or AmMaU go H«$m§{VH$mar Wo& do {H$gr MrO H$m {damoY
g‘mO ‘| g~Ho$ gmW {hb-{‘b H$a ahZm MmhVm h¡& Cgo g~Ho$ H$aVo hþE H${R>Z MmoQ> H$aVo Wo& na Cg‘| X²dof H$s ^mdZm Zht
XþI-gwI ‘| em{‘b hmoZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡& Ordm| na X¶m H$aZm hmoVr Wr&
Am¡a ‘Z ‘| H$éUm Ho$ ^md CËnÝZ hmoZm ‘Zwî¶ H$m ñdm^m{dH$ JwU {Zambm Or Ho$ àe§gH$ VWm AmbmoMH$ XmoZm| Wo& Hw$N> bmoJ Ohm±
CZH$s Z‘« CXmaVm H$s àe§gm H$aVo Wo, dht Hw$N> bmoJ CZHo$ CX²YV
h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V g§ñH$maerb H$hbmVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V H$m g^r bmoJ
ì¶dhma H$s qZXm H$aVo Zht WH$Vo Wo&
20 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt
 {Zambm Or AnZo ¶wJ H$s {d{eîQ> à{V^m aho h¢& CZHo$ gm‘Zo Vrbr Ho$ àH$me ‘| V§J gr{‹T>¶m| H$m ‘mJ© {XImVo hþE CÝh| AnZo
AZoH$ à{VHy$b n[apñW{V¶m± AmBª na do H$^r hma Zht ‘mZo& H$j ‘| bo JE Wo& H$j àH$me Am¡a gwI gw{dYm go a{hV Wm, na
* (2) {Zambm Or H$m Am{V϶ ^md 80 go 100 eãXm| ‘| ñnîQ> {Zambm Or H$s {demb AmË‘r¶Vm go ^am hþAm Wm& do JwßV Or
H$s{OE& H$s gw{dYm Ho$ {bE Z¶m K‹S>m IarXH$a Cg‘| J§JmOb bo AmE& Ka
CËVa : {Zambm Or ‘| Am{V϶ gËH$ma H$m nwamZm g§ñH$ma Wm& ‘| YmoVr-MmXa Omo Hw$N> {‘b gH$m g~ V»V na {~N>m H$a JwßV
do A{V{W H$mo XodVm Ho$ g‘mZ ‘mZVo Wo& AnZo A{V{W H$s gw{dYm Or H$mo à{V{îR>V {H$¶m Wm& {Zambm Or H$m Am{V϶ ^md AnZr
‘| H$moB© H$ga ~mH$s Zht aIVo Wo& do A{V{W H$mo AnZo H$j ‘| {H$ñ‘ H$m {Zambm Wm&
R>hamVo Wo& CgHo$ {bE ñd¶§ ^moOZ V¡¶ma H$aVo Wo& ~V©Z ^r do
gm{h˶ g§~§Yr gm‘mݶ kmZ
IwX ‘m±OVo Wo& A{V{W gËH$ma Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ gm‘mZ Ka ‘|
Z hmoVm Vmo do AnZo {hV-{‘Ìm| go ‘m±JH$a bo AmVo Wo, na A{V{W H¥${Vn{ÌH$m Ho$ àíZ 1 (B©) Ho$ {bE
godm ‘| H$moB© H$‘r Zht aIVo Wo& H$B© ~ma Vmo do H$d{¶Ìr ‘hmXodr
* (1) {Zambm Or H$m ‘yb Zm‘ 
d‘m© Ho$ ¶hm± go ^moOZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE bH${‹S>¶m± VWm Kr Am{X
* (2) Hw$N> qhXr AmbmoMH$m| X²dmam ‘hmXodr d‘m©
‘m±JH$a bo AmE Wo&
{Zambm Or H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V AÀN>r Zht Wr& CZH$m H$j ^r H$mo Xr JB© Cnm{Y 
gw{dYmAm| go a{hV Wm, na A{V{W Ho$ {bE CZHo$ {Xb ‘| Anma CËVa :
lX²Ym Wr& EH$ ~ma à{gX²Y H${d ‘¡{WbreaU JwßV {Zambm Or (1) {Zambm Or H$m ‘yb Zm‘  gy¶©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r
H$m Am{V϶ J«hU H$aZo AmE Wo& Cg g‘¶ CÝhm|Zo CZH$m Omo (2) Hw$N> qhXr AmbmoMH$m| X²dmam ‘hmXodr d‘m© H$mo Xr
gËH$ma {H$¶m Wm dh XoIVo hr ~ZVm Wm& {Zambm Or JwßV Or JB© Cnm{Y  AmYw{ZH$ ‘ram
Ho$ {~N>m¡Zo H$m ~§S>b IwX ~Jb ‘| X~mH$a Am¡a {X¶mgbmB© H$s

ì¶mH$aU
1.‘whmdao : 2.H$mb n[adV©Z :
• {ZåZ{b{IV ‘whmdam| H$m AW© {bIH$a dm³¶ ‘| à¶moJ • {ZåZ{b{IV dm³¶m| H$m H$mb n[adV©Z H$aHo$ dm³¶ {’$a go
H$s{OE : {b{IE …
(1) Am±Im| ‘| Yyb Pm|H$Zm& (1) H$m¡Z ~[hZ h‘ O¡go ^w³I‹S> H$mo ^mB© ~ZmEJr&
AW© : YmoIm XoZm&  ( gm‘mݶ dV©‘mZH$mb )
dm³¶ : gmB~a H«$mB‘ go AÀN>o-AÀN>o bmoJm| H$s Am±Im| ‘| (2) 
CZHo$ AñV-ì¶ñV OrdZ H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$aZo Ho$ Ag’$b
Yyb Pm|H$H$a bmIm| énE E|R> {bE OmVo h¢& à¶mgm| H$m ñ‘aU H$a ‘wPo AmO ^r h±gr Am OmVr h¡&
(2)
Am±I| {~N>mZm&  ( AnyU© ^yVH$mb )
AW© : A{V CËgmh go ñdmJV H$aZm& (3) CZH$s ì¶Wm H$s gKZVm OmZZo H$m ‘wPo EH$ Adga {‘bm Wm&
dm³¶ : ñdm‘r Or Ho$ Xe©Z Ho$ {bE lX²Ymbw Am±I| {~N>mE  ( nyU© dV©‘mZH$mb )
hþE Wo& (4) n§V Ho$ gmW Vmo amñVm H$‘ AIaVm Wm, na A~ gmoMH$a hr

(3)
H$mZ ‘| H$m¡‹S>r S>mbZm& WH$mdQ> hmoVr h¡& ( gm‘mݶ ^{dî¶H$mb )
AW© : Jwbm‘ ~ZmZm& (5) 
{Zambm Or AnZo eara, OrdZ Am¡a gm{h˶ g^r ‘|
dm³¶ : A§J«oOm| Zo ^mar g§»¶m ‘| ^maVr¶ ‘OXÿam| Ho$ H$mZ ‘| AgmYmaU h¢& ( nyU© ^yVH$mb )
CËVa :
H$m¡‹S>r S>mb aIm Wm&
(1) H$m¡Z ~{hZ h‘ O¡go ^w³I‹S> H$mo ^mB© ~ZmVr h¡&

2. {Zambm ^mB© 21
 (2) 
CZHo$ AñV-ì¶ñV OrdZ H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$aZo Ho$ Ag’$b (4) 
{Zambm Or AnZm eara, OrdZ Am¡a gm{h˶ g^r ‘|
à¶mgm| H$m ñ‘aU H$a ‘wPo AmO ^r h±gr Am ahr Wr& AgmYmaU h¡&
(3) CZH$s ì¶Wm H$s gKZVm OmZZo H$m ‘wPo EH$ Adga {‘bm h¡& (5) CZHo$ OrdZ na g§Ke© Ho$ Omo AmKmV h¢, do CZH$s hma Ho$ Zht
(4) n§V Ho$ gmW Vmo amñVm H$‘ AIaVm Wm, na A~ gmoMH$a hr e³Vr Ho$ à‘mUnÌ h¢&
WH$mdQ> hmoJr& CËVa :
(5) 
{Zambm Or AnZo eara, OrdZ Am¡a gm{h˶ g^r ‘| (1) {Zambm Or AnZo ¶wJ H$s {d{eîQ> à{V^m h¢&
AgmYmaU Wo& (2) g˶ H$m ‘mJ© gab h¡&
3. dm³¶ ewX²{YH$aU :
(3) ‘Zwî¶ Om{V H$s Zmg‘Pr H$m B{Vhmg H«y$a Am¡a b§~m h¡&
• {ZåZ{b{IV dm³¶ ewX²Y H$aHo$ {b{IE :
(4) {Zambm Or AnZo eara, OrdZ Am¡a gm{h˶ g^r ‘|
(1) {Zambm Or AnZr ¶wJ Ho$ {d{eîQ> à{V^m h¢&
AgmYmaU h¢&
(2) g˶ H$s ‘mJ© gab h¢&
(5) CZHo$ OrdZ na g§Kf© Ho$ Omo AmKmV h¢, do CZH$s hma Ho$ Zht
(3) ‘Zwî¶ OmVr H$s Zmg‘Pr H$s B{Vhmg H«y$a Am¡a b§~m h¡&
ep³V Ho$ à‘mUnÌ h¢&

22 qhXr ¶wdH$^maVr ZdZrV : H$jm ~mahdt