A REPORT ON

Industrial Visit for Mechanical Department 4 th & 6 th Sem. Degree Students

At
SARDAR SROVAR DAM

Date of Visit : 7th February, 2019 Branch : MECHANICAL

Time : 09:00 am – 01:30 pm Semester : 4th & 6th

Faculty : Nikunj Sonaiya & Milan Gajera

Department of Mechanical engineering from OM Engineering College arranged one day Industrial
Visit for 4 th & 6 th Semester Degree students to “SARDAR SROVAR DAM dated 7th february,
2018 for better technical knowledge enhancement of students. Visit is important especially
important in the field of Engineering as the practice of engineering has an inherent (and
unavoidable) impact on society. These programs can be a powerful tool to constitute a positive
industrial climate. Overall, the aim of all these visit to trains the students to familiar about power
generation process. After visit students can identify their own efficiency and performance which
important for their career, improving work efficiency and confidence.

Purpose:

Industrial visits are an integral part of Engineering and acknowledgment of technological up-
gradation. The purpose of industrial visit for students is to provide technical knowledge with the
technological development in the industry and to understand the gap between the theoretical and
practical knowledge that could be passed in future. This experience can help students to provided
information regarding functioning of various industries and associated problems and limitations.
Interfacing with the industry also provide a chance to build networks and hone their communication
skills. Moreover, the participating organizations also gain by getting refined students from the
respective institute which could also help in improving their economy.

1. HISTORY

The plan for harnessing the river for irrigation and power generation in the Narmada basin was
initiated in 1946. Seven projects including the Bharuch project were identified during the initial
Survey and 4 projects Bharuch (Gujarat), Bargi, Tawa and Punasa in Madhya Pradesh were
given top priority for investigation. After the completion of investigation, the proposed dam at
Gora in Gujarat with the full reservoir level (FRL) 161 ft (49.08m) was selected and the
foundation stone was laid by late Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 5th April, 1961.
However as more detailed, modernised contour sheets from the Survey of India were available
thereafter, possibility of raising the height of the dam for optimum utilisation of water was
considered.
In 1964, to resolve the dispute about sharing of the Narmada Waters between the Governments
of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, the Government of India appointed an expert committee under
the Chairmanship of late Dr. Khosla which recommended a higher dam with FRL 500 ft
(152.44m) in 1965. However, Govt. of M.P. was not agreeable to development of Narmada
water as per Khosla Committee report and hence the Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal (NWDT)
was constituted by the Government of India in October 1969, under the Inter State River Water
Disputes Act, 1956. NWDT gave its final award in December 1979.

2. BENEFITS OF PROJECT

a) Irrigation

The Sardar Sarovar Project will provide irrigation facilities to 18.45 lac ha. of land,
covering 3112 villages of 73 talukas in 15 districts of Gujarat. It will also irrigate
2,46,000 ha. of land in the strategic desert districts of Barmer and Jallore in
Rajasthan and 37,500 ha. in the tribal hilly tract of Maharashtra through lift. About
75% of the command area in Gujarat is drought prone while entire command in
Rajasthan is drought prone. Assured water supply will soon make this area drought
proof.

b) Drinking water supply

A special allocation of 0.86 MAF of water has been made to provide drinking water
to 131 urban centres and 9633 villages (53% of total 18144 villages of Gujarat)
within and out-side command in Gujarat for present population of 28 million and
prospective population of over 40 million by the year 2021. All the villages and
urban centres of arid region of Saurashtra and Kachchh and all "no source" villages
and the villages affected by salinity and fluoride in North Gujarat will be benefited.
 Water supply requirement of several industries will also be met from the project
giving a boost to all-round production

c) Power

There are two power houses viz. River Bed Power House and Canal Head Power
House with an installed capacity of 1200 MW and 250 MW respectively. The power
would be shared by three states - Madhya Pradesh - 57%, Maharashtra - 27% and
Gujarat 16%. This will provide a useful peaking power to western grid of the country
which has very limited hydel power production at present. A series of micro hydel
power stations are also planned on the branch canals where convenient falls are
available.

d) Flood Protection

It will also provide flood protection to riverine reaches measuring 30,000 ha.
covering 210 villages and Bharuch city and a population of 4.0 lac in Gujarat.

e) Wild Life

Wild life sanctuaries viz. "Shoolpaneshewar wild life sanctuary" on left Bank, Wild
Ass Sanctuary in little Rann of Kachchh, Black Buck National Park at Velavadar,
Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary in Kachchh, Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary and Alia
Bet at the mouth of River will be benefited.

f) Additional Production

SSP would generate electricity. On completion, annual additional agricultural

production would be Rs. 1600 crores, power generation and water supply Rs. 175
crores, aggregating about Rs. 2175 crores every year equivalent to about Rs. 6.0
crores a day.
 g) Against one tribal displaced, 7 tribals would get benefits

In addition, there will be benefits of fisheries development, recreational facilities,

water supply for industries, agro industrial development, protection of conserved
forest from grazers and secondary benefits viz employment generation, increase in
vegetal cover in 3.4 M. Ham. of GCA, gains due to compensatory forest, tree
plantation 100 times and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fixation to large extent by 70 times.

h) Other Benefits

Marginal farmers (< 1 ha.) 28.0

Small farmers (1 to 2 ha.) 24.4%
Scheduled Tribe 8.7%
Scheduled Caste 9.1%

3. COMPONENTS OF PROJECT

a) Sardar Sarovar Reservoir

The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) of the Sardar Sarovar Dam is fixed at RL 138.68
metres (455 feet). The Maximum Water Level is 140.21 metres (460 feet.) while
minimum draw down level is 110.64 metres (363 feet.). The normal tail water level
is 25.91 metres (85 feet.).

The gross storage capacity of the reservoir is 0.95 M. ha.m. (7.7 MAF) while live
storage capacity is 0.58 M.ha.m. (4.75 MAF). The dead storage capacity below
minimum draw down level is 0.37 M. ha. m. (2.97 MAF). The reservoir would
occupy an area of 37,000 ha. and would have a linear stretch of 214 kilometer of
water and an average width of 1.77 kilometer.

The submergence at Full Reservoir LCanal Head Power Houseevel (FRL) is 37,690
ha. (86,088 acres), which comprises 11,279 ha. agricultural land, 13,542 ha. forests
and 12,869 ha. river bed and waste land. In all 245 villages of the three states viz.
193 Villages of Madhya Pradesh, 33 villages of Maharashtra and 19 villages of
Gujarat are affected. Only 3 villages of Gujarat are fully affected, while the
remaining 16 villages are partly affected. In Madhya Pradesh, out of 193 villages,
more than 10% agricultural land will be submerged only in 79 villages, in 89 villages
less than 10% agricultural land or only houses will be submerged under FRL, due to
back water of 1 in 100 years flood. In 25 villages, only Government waste land will
be submerged.

b) Sardar Sarovar Dam

A concrete gravity dam, 1210 meters (3970 feet) in length and with a maximum
height of 163 meters above the deepest foundation level, is under construction across
river Narmada.

The dam will be the third highest concrete dam (163 meters) in India, the first two
being Bhakra (226 metres) in Himachal Pradesh and Lakhwar (192 meters) in Uttar
Pradesh. In terms of the volume of concrete involved for gravity dams, this dam will
 be ranking as the second largest in the world with an aggregate volume of 6.82
million cu.m. The first is Grand Coule Dam in USA with a total volume of 8.0
million cu.m. This dam with its spillway discharging capacity of 85,000 cumecs
(30.00 lac), will be the third in the world, Gazenba (1.13 lac cumecs) in China and
Tucurri (1.0 lac cumecs) in Brazil being the first two.

For chute spillway Radial gates, 7 in number and size 60' x 60' and for service
spillway, 23 Radial gates of size 60' x 55' are to be provided to negotiate the design
flood. 10 number of temporary construction sluices, each of size 2.15 m x 2.75 m.
are provided in the boby of the spillway at RL 18 m. Another set of 4 permanent
river sluices are provided at RL 53.0 m. The lower sluices were closed in February,
1994.

The design of the dam allows for a horizontal seismic coefficient of 0.125g and it
also covers an additional risk due to reservoir induced seism city. Most sophisticated
seismological instruments for monitoring and evaluation of the stresses in the body
of the dam as well as the effect on the periphery of the reservoir are under
installation.

c) Hydro Power

I. River Bed Power House

The RBPH is an under ground power house stationed on the right bank of the river
located about 165 meters downstream of the dam. It has six number of Francis type
reversible turbine generators each of 200 MW installed capacity. The T.G. Sets are
supplied by M/S Sumitomo Corporation, Japan and M/S BHEL. These units can
operate at minimum reservoir water level of 110.64 meters. These six units have
been commissioned in a phase manner during Feb-05 to June-06. The generation of
energy depends upon inflow of water from upstream projects and need of water for
irrigation in Gujarat.
II. Canal Head Power House

The CHPH is a surface power station in a saddle dam on right bank of the reservoir
having total installed capacity of 250 MW (5 x 50 MW). These five units have been
commissioned in a phased manner during Aug-04 to Dec-04. These units can be
operated with minimum reservoir water level of 110.18 meters.

The CHPH is being operated in consultation and as per advice of NCA/WREB

based on irrigation requirement of Gujarat/Rajasthan and availability of water in
reservoir and release from upstream project of Madhya Pradesh.

The energy generated from both the power houses is to be evacuated through 400
KV level through interconnecting transformers at GIS, situated in RBPH switch
yard. The 400 KV Switchyard is indoor type having Gas Insulated Switch Gear and
Bus bars. The energy is transmitted to party states i.e. Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Madhya Pradesh in the proportion of 16:27:57 respectively through 400 KV double
circuit transmission lines, namely SSP-Kasor, SSP-Asoj, SSP-Dhule and SSP-Nagda
respectively. All the transmission lines are commissioned and charged.

The operation and maintenance of SSP power complex and transmission lines is
being done by Gujarat State Electricity Company Limited (GSECL), for which
O&M agreement between SSNNL and GSECL has been signed.

III.Small/Mini/Micro Hydro Power Project

The Development of Small/Mini/Micro Hydro Power Projects on Sabarmati escape

NMC chainage 229 km & Narmada Dam Godbole Gate at Kevadia Colony is not
feasible due to following reasons:

At the ultimate stage of project development, there will not be surplus water to the
released through such Escapes and data of past can not be considered for future
projection in such cases. A guaranteed/assured discharge through Escapes, power
generation can not be predicted and therefore its economic viability is questionable.

Godbole Gate essentially is a device to discharge surplus water back to the River
and not to the Head Regulator of the canal. This arrangement under ideal normal
conditions will not be functional and any investment made on such contingent would
not guarantee the investor any dependable return.

The Godbole Gate will not be operated all time, but the quantum will also be
determined by levels in the ponds and would continue to fluctuate with water level
in Pond no. 3 & 4. this would also seriously affect power generation as quantum and
velocity of water vary greatly. Hydro Power requires a definite discharge and
velocity.

Hence investment made on such contingent arrangement would not guarantee the
investor and dependable return.

d) Main Canal
Narmada Main Canal is a contour canal. It is the biggest lined irrigation canal in the
world. It is about 458.318 km. long up to Gujarat -Rajasthan border. The canal
extends further in the state of Rajasthan to irrigate areas in Barmer and Jhalore
 districts of Rajasthan. The Main Canal is lined with plain cement concrete to
minimise seepage losses to attain higher velocity and to control the water logging in
future. The lining work is carried out with the mechanized pavers. Such a large scale
paving of concrete lining is done for the first time in India.

The Main Canal in its journey has to negotiate several water streams, rivers, roads,
railways etc. This is possible by constructing appropriate structure on the canal. In
all, there are 634 structures on the Narmada Main Canal. Narmada Main Canal as on
today is completed up to 458 Km. and water has been flowing throught it right upto
the state of Rajasthan.

4. FEATURES OF NARMADA MAIN CANAL

➢ Full supply level (F.S.L.) at H.R. 91.44 m (300 ft)

➢ Length up to Gujarat - Rajasthan border 458.318 Km
➢ Base width in head reach 73.10 m
➢ Full supply depth (F.S.D.) in head reach 7.60 m
➢ Design discharge capacity
• In head reach 1133 cusec (40,000 cusecs)
• At Gujarat Rajasthan border 74.55 cusecs (2,600 cusecs)

5. CANAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND THEIR OPERATIONS

• Number of Branches 38 Nos.

• Length of Distribution System Network 74626 Km.
• Culturable Command Area 18.45 Lakh Ha.

Water for irrigation will be conveyed to 8 ha. Blocks through a 74626 km. network of
conveyance and distribution system consisting of branch canals, distributaries, minors and
sub-minors. There will be 38 branch canals off-taking from main canal, out of
whichMiyagam, Vadodara, Saurashtra and Kachchh branch canals will be the major
branches having a capacity of more than 75 cumecs (2650 cusecs). The distribution system
would cover culturable command area of 18.45 lakh ha. (45.57 lakh acres) spread over in
3112 villages in 73 talukas of 15 districts of Gujarat. The branch canals and the distribution
system network up to 8 ha. Block will be lined.

The Canal Systems up to the village levels (called village Service Area) will be operated by
the Central Authority i.e. Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd. Below the village levels, the
systems will be fully operated by the organizations of farmers to be explicitly formed for the
purpose. With the system affixed annual water allowance pre-decided and pre declared for
various parts of the command area, is easy to convert this water allowance into numbers of
actual watering that the farmers would get from the system at the village levels. For
example, on an average about 6 to 7 annual watering can be made available to the farmer’s
Associations at village levels. It is the need-based privilege of the farmers associations to
plan what number of watering that they would like to avail in the Kharif (monsoon) season
and what number of watering they would like to use in the non-monsoon (winter)season.
They would take decisions on the basis of rainfall an its distribution. Once the farmers make
their schedules, it would be easy to aggregate these at the level of distributaries and
branches of the systems.
➢ Command Area Development

Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project (SSP covers Culturable Command Area (CCA) of 18.45
lac ha within Gujarat. With extensive studies on the subject, detailed elaborate and micro
level plan has been evolved to deal with the development of SSP command. Entire
command area is divided into 13 agro climatic zones and each zone is further subdivided in
to irrigation and drainage blocks ranging from 4000 to 10,000 ha. Involvement of farmers in
the construction activities and there after for irrigation management is aimed at to ensure
efficient user friendly uses. The system below the VSA outlets will be managed by the
Water Users' Associations (WUAs) based on Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM).

One of the unique feature is that the Irrigation Water in the command area of SSP would be
delivered to farmer's groups (Water Users Association (WUA) and not to individual farmers.
It would be for the farmers groups to manage distribution within their block called village
service Area (VSA). The corollary to this management is that the minors, subminors and
field channels will be owned and looked after by these WUAs.

Involvement of farmers/NGOs in the construction of micro level canal network system

would ensure 'owners' amongst the beneficiary farmers.

A suitable system called Rotational Water Supply (RWS) - Varabandhi would be

implemented to ensure timely, and assured and equitable supplies.

The another important feature is the volumetric supply of water instead of conventional area
approach. The micro level canal systems with appropriate structures are being designed and
constructed to ensure timely and equitable distribution of water. This would guard against
the most commonly observed problem of overuse of water by initial command blocks,
leaving less supplies to the tail enders.

To ensure efficient water uses, the evaluation would be based on delta basis. Water intense
crops would be discouraged.

Micro irrigation system like drip and sprinkler would be encouraged for efficient water uses.

An interesting as well as innovative feature of the SSP's irrigation plan is to supplement

canal water supply by conjunctive use of ground water. This would augment total water
availability and stretch the irrigation benefit to more area. It will also prevent water logging
by regarding excess ground water and thereby protecting command against water logging
and soil salinity.

6. CURRENT STATUS

a) BRIEF DESCRIPTION

PROJECT Sardar Sarovar Project Benefits

1. Irrigation : 1.84 Mha (75% area drought prone) in Gujarat.
: 0.246 Mha in desert districts of Rajasthan
2. Drinking Water : 25 Milion Population (by 2011)
: 30 Milion Population (by 2021)
: 9490 Villages + 173 Urban centers in Gujarat
 : 1336 villages & 3 towns in Rajasthan to a population of approx.
4.58 million
3. Hydro Power : Installed capacity : 1450MW
4. Irrigation Strategy : Through RWS & PIM, maximum water use efficiency can be
achieved. Water hazards due to over watering – salinity and
water logging – can be prevented leading to sustainable
agricultural benefits to small and marginal farmers in the
command area.

b) PROGRESS OF MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT

➢ MAIN DAM

• The work of raising of dam up to 121.92 mt. is completed. The Narmada Control Authority
has given the permission on 12.06.2014 to raise the Dam height from 121.91 m to 138.68 m
for Phase-1 construction i.e. to raise piers up to full height, construction of bridge and
installation of gates (to be kept in open position). The work has been started on 12.06.2014
and the same will be completed within 36 months.

• 66.42 LCM [97.39%] concrete work completed up to March-2015.

• Construction of Irrigation Bye Pass Tunnel is completed.

• Garudeshwar Weir : Excavation has been started and work of Coffer Dam is in progress. The
progress of Excavation is 264740 m3 up to March-2015

➢ Power Generation

Particular Unit Upto Mar- Mar-2015 During 2014-15 Total

2014 upto Mar-2015
RBPH (River Bed Million 28678.618 163.790 2297.760 30976.378
Power House) Units
CHPH (Canal Head Million 3914.794 52.736 611.673 4526.467
Power House) Units
Total (A & B) Million 32593.412 216.526 2909.433 35502.845
Units

➢ Progress of Canal System & Irrigation Potential Created

Sr. Particular Unit Total Upto Mar- March- During Total

No 2014 2015 2014-15
(I) Canal System
A Main Canal Km 458 458 - Completed - 458
B Branch Canal Km 2585 2304 30 104 2408
C Distributary Km 5112 3064 01 593 3657
 D Minor Km 18413 8777 132 1445 10222
E Sub-Minor Km 48058 10217 101 227 10444
Total: Km 74626 24820 264 2369 27189
(II) Irrigation Potential
(A) Up to Minor Ha. 1845655 948305 39280 162628 111093
(B) Up to Sub-Minor Ha. 1845000 369260 1159 1230 370490

c) NOTE ON SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Name of State Nos. of affected Total PAFs Likely to Total PAFs Balance PAFs to
Villages be resettled resettled in be resettled in
Gujarat 19 4765 11049 -----
Maharashtra 33 4300 3237 315
Madhya 192 37757 32221 -----
Pradesh
Total: 244 46822 46507 315

d) ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD MEASURES

• Catchment Area Treatment works have been completed in the entire catchment area (29157
Ha) within Gujarat.

• Compensatory afforestation has been carried out in 4650 hectares of non-forest area in
kachahh district as well as 9300 ha degtaded forest area. Plantation in 5252 hectares has
been completed in the vicinity of the dam, on canal banks nad in the colonies. 623.76 lacs
Indian Major Carps & Macrobracium Rosenbergii fingerlings have been stocked in the
reservoir and dykes. This includes 2.84 lacks Macrobrachium rosenbergii stocket in dykes.

• The temples of Hamfeshwar and Shoolpaneshwer relocated to higher elevations.

Also we have visited statue of unity and vally of flower.

Statue of unity:

Valley of flower:
About 40 students of Mechanical Engineering department, Om Engineering College, Junagadh &
faculty named Prof. N D SONAIYA & Prof. M N GAJERA benefited from this visit as they got
chance to discussion with In-charge officer and other engineers working at power plant. Students
were eagerly to say organizing this type of industrial visit for practical exposure which is shows the
success of this visit.