© 2023 IJRTI | Volume 8, Issue 6 | ISSN: 2456-3315

Origin , Flow , Forestry, Irrigation, and Philosophy

of Narmada River in India.
1
Ram Bai Mahar, 2Dr. H D Mahar, 3Mani Ran Chandra and 4Neelima Chandra
1
Manager, Philosophical Society, Ledari Manendragarh, CG, India.
2
HOD Botany RG PG Autonomous College Ambikapur CG India
3
UDT High School Padgawa, Pendra CG, India.
4
Scholar, Holy Cross Women’s College Ambikapur CG India.

Abstract : Exploration has been done for the River o logy of Narmada River ,. Its origin is at Amarkantak In District Anupput
MP State of India in eat border adjacent to Pendra Road (South Eastern Railway Station ) in the border of Chhattisgarh state.
Narmada River is called Life- Line of MP and It's also beneficial to Gujarat and Rajasthan states in India, Nursing water for
Biodiversity and irrigation.

Key words : Narmada River Amarkantak ,Bhedaghat, Omkarareswar, Indira Sagar Dame

INTRODUCTION: There is socioeconomic importance of Narmada River to give Jobs to service of Pilgrimages at
Amarkantak, Bhedaghat (Jabalpur), Ramnagar (District Mandala MP ) Omkarareswar, Nemawar(Harda MP), etc are main
places where Narmada river is a place of pilgrimages tourism. Science of Narmada is a mega river flowing to west side in India
through a way of continental drift formed by origin of Satpura, Vindhya and Mekal Mountains Series. There are much more
studies on Narmada River. Reading , e.g. The life line river of MP and even of Gujarat States as a mega river in central to west
India is Narmada River. Authors visited for exploration of geological. Geophysics and Geomorphology of Narmada River Flow.
Satpuda and Vindhya Bi Mega Plateaus make a continental drift for Narmada River Flow from Mekal Mega Plateaus. [1]
Narmada river flows East to West in the direction . (Also Tapti River ) )as a mega river . In the study we could not apply for
flowing force meter due to beyond the range [2-3]. But it is just geophysical parameters and sky observation from inset map of
geomorphology of the Narmada River Flow [4,5,6]
AMARKANTAKATA : Amarkantaka is the City in Anup pur District MP . It’s the origin of Narmada Rive. Figure 1 to 3
Represent the Kund,s (Mega Tubs ) mad on about its evolving spring from the earth . Amarkantak is located in the state of
Madhya Pradesh in India at 22.67°N 81.75°E. It has an average elevation of 1,048 m (3,438 ft).[7].Roads
running, through Rewa, Shahadol, Anuppur, Jabalpur, Katni, Bilaspur and Gaurella connect it. The nearest railway stations are
Pendra road and Anuppur. The nearest airport is Bilaspur Airport at the distance of 120 km The Narmada River, also called
the Reva is the 5th longest river and overall longest west-flowing river in India. It is also the largest flowing river in the state
of Madhya Pradesh. This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. It is also known as the "Life Line
of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Narmada River rises from
the Amarkantak Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South
India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian
Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat [8]

METHODOLOGY:
An exploration of Origin of Narmada River Amarkantaka started from Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh state. Crossing Renu river on
NH 43 in Surajpur District and Hasdeo river in Manendragarh district of in the northern Mahanadi Basin Reached Philosophical
society Ledari Manendragarh.[6 a.pln] Figure1 from Google map represents both rivers. An inset road map is depicted in Figure2.
Manendragarh Crossing Shri Shiddha Baba Hill [7 ],we entered MP State .We left NH 43 at Jhiriyatola Village and took Pendra
Road by left turn on HS 08 and crossing Marwahi and Kotmi Towns reached Pendra. Then Took Kewanchi road to
Amarkantaka After Kewanchi observed Kabir Chabutara , Here is also a spring, ( It is suggested that, Narmada came here for
Kabeerism). After 20 minutes observation did drive car then reached Amarkantaka. Geological, Geographical and Philosophical
study has been performed. A full day pilgrimage and study made and returned from Jaleshwardham Road. Downed Mekal hill
and reached Pendra Road SER ( Gaurela) There we made night halt with authors homes . Next day on SH08 pendra
Manendragarh road coming 90 Km Then seen a small river ever spring in a plane earth at Kerha Baba Dhaam between Majhaoli
Dhanoli Villages in Kotma Tahasil of MP. Authores did there Night halt then next day returned Lab. at Ambikapur.

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Figure1Mahanadi basin Figure2 road mapFigure3 slope to mekal hill Figure4 origin 135 µT

Figure5 65 µT in west side Figure6 North view of Gate Figure7 North view of Gate

OSERVATION AND RESULT: Figure 3 represent slope downing the car on slope of the Mekal hill to reach Pendra road via
Jaleshwar from Amarkantak. Figure 4 and figure5 are Tesla meter or Geological magnetometer at Narmada River Origin is 135
µT And on the road taking reading and photography (Figure 12), it is 1, Thus Geo magnetic force 30 µT helps to flow west side.
Figure 06 is north view and figure 7 is south view of Gate of Narmada origin at Amarkantaka on Mekal mountain. West side of
Figure 6-7 there is a Kund-3 of medium size. Where, visitor took bath as depicted in Fig 10. Then after change and rituals of Plant
power Sandal on forehead and shoos off, enter into Narmada kund. There Kund 1 is on west side coming continue spring east side
into kund2 Narmada ji flows eastward only 70 meters than underground appears to westward as kusd3 at 200 meters.

Table 1 Kunds at the Origin of Narmada River

Sr. Position size Area Depth Application

Kund 1 Middle smallest 05x10 meter Sq 01 meter observation

Kund 2 East Side Biside Biggest 60x60 meter Sq 10 meter Prayer
Kund 1
Kund 3 West Side Medium 10x10 meter Sq 2meters Only Bath
Across road without shoap

Figure8 Kund 1 Figure9 Kund 2 Figure10 Kund 3

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Figure11Temples Figure12 River Figure13 Narmada basin

ORIGIN AND FLOW OF NARMADA: The source of the Narmada is a small reservoir, known as the Narmada Kund. It is
located at Amarkantak on the Amarkantak Plateau in the Anuppur District on Shahdol zone of eastern Madhya Pradesh.[11] The
river descends from Sonmuda, then falls over a cliff as Kapildhara waterfall and meanders in the hills, flowing through a tortuous
course crossing the rocks and islands up to the ruined palace of Ramnagar. Between Ramnagar and Mandala, (25 km ) further
southeast, the course is comparatively straight with deep water devoid of rocky obstacles. The Banger joins from the left. The
river then runs north–west in a narrow loop towards Jabalpur. Close to this city, after a fall of some (9 m (29.5 ft)), called
the Dudh dhara, the fall of mist, it flows for (3 km ) in a deep narrow channel through the magnesium limestone and basalt rocks
called the Marble Rocks; from a width of about 90 m above, it is compressed in this channel of (18 m ), only. Beyond this point
up to its meeting the Arabian Sea, the Narmada enters three narrow valleys between the Vindhya scarps in the north and the
Satpura range in the South. The southern extension of the valley is wider at most places. These three valley sections are separated
by the closely approaching line of the scarps and the Satpura hills.
The eastern portion of the range receives more rainfall than the western portion, and the eastern range, together with the Eastern
Ghats, constitute the eastern highlands moist deciduous forests ecosystem region. The seasonally dry western portion of the range,
together with the Narmada valley and the western Vindhya Range, are within the Narmada valley dry deciduous forests .This
mountain range servers as a natural border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states. The Narmada and the Tapti are
major rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea. The Narmada originates in eastern Madhya Pradesh ( India) and flows west across
the state, through a narrow valley between the Vindhya Range and spurs of the Satpura Range. It flows into the Gulf of
Khambhat. The Tapi (also known as Tapti) follows a shorter, parallel course, between 80 and 160 kilometers (50 and 100 miles)
south of the Narmada, flowing through the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat to drain into the Gulf of Khambhat.Table 2
represents the flow of Narmada river in a rift of Satpura and Vidhya Mountain series make slope as represented in altitude
column.
Table 2 Riverology of Narmada River

Serial N0 Places State GPS Altitude Distance depth Population

travelled get job by
Narmada
river
1 Amarkantaka Anuppur 22.6749N, 1048 m 00 km 1.00m 8,416
MP 81.7591E.
2 Bhedaghat Jabalpur 23.1256137 353 M 300 km 30 m 10,640
MP N
79.8126191
E
3 Omkareswar, Khandawa 22.2417739N 193 M 950 Km 50m 12,560
MP 76.149389E
4 Indrasagar Mundi 22.2872N 180m 1077 Km 100m 16,660
dame Khandawa 76.4719E
MP
5 Gulf of Gujarat 22.1668N 00 m 1.312 km 600m 1,000
Khambhat India 72./4198 E

IRRIGATION BY DAME ON NARMADA: The Narmada River, also called the Reva and previously also known as Narbada
It is the 5th longest river and overall longest west-flowing river in India. It is also the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya
Pradesh. This river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in India. It is also known as the "Life Line of Madhya
Pradesh and Gujarat" due to its huge contribution to the two states in many ways. The Narmada River rises from the Amarkantak
Plateau in Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows
westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km
(18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat.

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It is one of only two major rivers in peninsular India that runs from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti
River. It is one of the rivers in India that flows in a rift valley, bordered by the Satpura and Vindhya ranges. As a rift valley river,
the Narmada does not form a delta; Rift valley rivers form estuaries. Other rivers which flow through the rift valley include
the Damodar River in Chota Nagpur Plateau and Tapti. The Tapti River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys, but
between different ranges. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh (1,077 km and Maharashtra, (74 km) Aactually along the
border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (39 km ) and then the border between Maharashtra and Gujarat (74 km) and in
Gujarat (161 km )
281 Dames and 48 Canals are made for drinking and irrigation. Even Narmada gives water for Chhipra river at Ujjain and Hiran
River at Bharuch Gujarat for their Pilgrimage, Drinking and irrigation Facilities. Figure 14 represents Bhedaghat Jabalpur Figure
15 represents Omkareshar in Khandawa MP and figure16 represents Indira Sagar Dame in MP which is larger type of dame. [!2-
16]

PHILOSOPHY OF NARMADA;:. At one time, a marine ravine penetrated the very centre of Peninsular India through a narrow
inlet along the present valley of Narmada. During this time India was divided into two halves by narrow strips of marine
transgressions and there was no land communication between the Peninsular and northern India. Along the Narmada Valley,
several patches of sediments have been deposited which contains ancient remains of animals.
There are many stories about the origin of the Narmada River. According to the Reva Khand, the Narmada was created from
Shiva's perspiration while he was performing penance on Mount Riksha. Due to this, the Narmada River is known as Shiva's
daughter

Figure14Bhedaghat Jabalpur Figure15 Omkareshwar MP Figure16.Indrasagar dam

CONCLUSION:

Narmada river flows eastward only 0.5 meters from Kund 1 to Kund 2 then, it goes underground and appears to westward as kund
3 at 200 meters cross the road . This movement simulates one cycling to be ever flow west ward. Sanatani mythology is made to
be love with river Sonbhadra, but he (Sonbhadra) confused and loved Johila river. So Narmada Decided to remain unmarried and
flow opposite of common rivers and thus flows east to west. Earth Science reveals that Narmada flows east to west through rift
caused by northern Sapura Plateau and southern Vidhya Plateau. While the east direction of Naramada river originn is Mekal
Plateau. Continental drift made by Satpura Mountain range and Vidhya Mountain range make the slope and Mekal plateau
uplift is the cause of flowing west Direction of Narmada River.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Authors are thankful to Pilgrimage authority of Amarkantaka for allowed measurements and
photography. Authors are also thankful to College administration including critics for leaves to visit there.

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