Stata Release 11 Installation Guide

i
Stata R Release 11 Installation Guide
Table of contents
Simple installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Installing Stata for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Installing Stata for Mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Installing Stata for Unix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Platforms and flavors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Copyright c 1985–2009 by StataCorp LP

All rights reserved
Version 11
Simple installation
Before you install

Before you begin the installation procedure:
1. Make sure you have a License and Authorization Key.

2. Determine from the License and Authorization Key whether you should
install Stata/MP, Stata/SE, Stata/IC, or Small Stata.
Stata for Windows installation

1. Insert the disk.
2. If you have Auto-insert Notification enabled, the installer will start auto-
matically. Otherwise, select Run from the Windows Start menu, and enter
D:\setup.exe (assuming that D:\ is the drive letter for your DVD drive).
3. Go to page 3 for detailed instructions about the rest of the installation.
Stata for Mac installation

1. Insert the disk.
2. Open the DVD on the Desktop, and double-click on the Installer application.
Stata for Unix installation

1. Become superuser, and then insert and mount the DVD.
2. Create the installation directory (we recommend /usr/local/stata11),
and change to that directory.
3. Type /media/Stata/install (assuming that /media/Stata) is the path to
the DVD, and follow the prompts. Nothing will be written to disk until
you say it is OK to do so.
1
Installing Stata for Windows
Upgrade or update?
If you are using an earlier Stata release and you are upgrading to Stata 11,
or if you have never installed Stata before on this computer, you need to read
this Installation Guide. If you have already installed Stata 11 and you would
like to install the latest updates to Stata 11, please refer to [GSW] 19 Updating
and extending Stata—Internet functionality.
Upgrading to Stata/MP, Stata/SE, or Stata/IC

If you have already installed a flavor of Stata 11 and have purchased an upgrade
to Stata/MP, Stata/SE, or Stata/IC, run the installer again. Check Modify, click
on Next, and choose the flavor of Stata you wish to install. Your existing copy
will not be affected.
Make sure that you have your License and Authorization Key before doing
this. After installation, you will immediately want to update your executable
because it will most likely be out of sync with your ado-files.
Before you install

1. Make sure you have the Stata Installation DVD.

4. Decide where you want to install the Stata software. We recommend
C:\Program Files\Stata11 on 32-bit Windows and
C:\Program Files (x86)\Stata11 on 64-bit Windows.
5. If you already have an old version of Stata on your system, decide whether
you want to keep it or uninstall it. We do not recommend having more
than one version of Stata installed at a time, because it can cause confusing
file-association behavior.
3
4 [ IG ] Installing Stata for Windows
Installation
Have your Stata License and Authorization Key with you.
1. Insert the DVD.

2. If you have Auto-insert Notification enabled, the installer will start auto-
matically. Otherwise, select Run from the Windows Start menu, and enter
D:\setup.exe (assuming that D:\ is the drive letter for your DVD drive)
to start the installer.
3. You might be asked to verify that you want to install the software; if so,
confirm that you wish to do so.
4. The Stata 11 Installation Wizard will start. Proceed as you would with
any other software installation.
5. Read and accept the software license agreement to proceed with the
installation.
6. The installer will display options for personalizing your installation and
making Stata accessible to all users who share your computer. The default
choices are probably what you want. If not, make any necessary changes,
and click on Next.
7. At the Select Executable step, you can choose which type and flavor of
Stata to install.
a. If you have a 64-bit computer with 64-bit Microsoft Windows

installed, you will have a choice of installing 64-bit or 32-bit
versions of Stata. Unless you are installing Small Stata, you should
install the 64-bit version; Small Stata is 32-bit only.
b. If you have a 32-bit computer, you may only install a 32-bit
version of Stata.
c. Choose the flavor of Stata that matches your License and Autho-
rization Key.
8. The installer will ask you where you want to install Stata.
a. We recommend that you choose the default directory.

b. If you want to install Stata on a network drive, you will need a
network license. You can install Stata from the server, or if you
have the appropriate privileges, you can install Stata directly to
the network drive.
c. When you have chosen an installation directory, click on Next.
[ IG ] Installing Stata for Windows 5
9. The installer will then ask you where you want to set the default working
directory.
a. The default working directory is the default location for your

datasets, graphs, and other Stata-related files.
b. We recommend that you choose Use Each User’s Documents Folder.
c. When you have chosen a default working directory, click on Next
to begin the installation.
10. When the installation is complete, click on Finish to exit the installer.
11. If you would like to modify your installation or install other flavors of
Stata that are below the flavor of your license, you can run the installer
a second time. It will bring up the Application Maintenance dialog. Check
Modify, and click on the Next button. You can then choose the flavor(s)
of Stata that you would like to add.
If you would like to install Stata by using the command line, please consult
http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/win/autoinstall.html. Do this even if you have
installed previous versions of Stata via the command line, because the arguments
have changed.
Initialize the license

You now need to start Stata so that you can initialize the license. Go to the
Stata 11 program group in the Start menu, and click on the version of Stata
you installed.
The first time that you start Stata, it will prompt you for the information on
your License and Authorization Key. You must enter something for all fields in
the dialog before you can continue. The code and authorization are not case
sensitive. If you make a mistake typing the codes, you will be prompted to
try again.
If you get the message “The serial number, code, and authorization are
inconsistent”, try the initialization again. Be careful when typing your code
and authorization key. Anything that looks like “o” is the letter oh, anything
like “0” is a zero, anything like “1” is the number one, and anything like “L”
is the letter el.
Important: Do not lose your paper license. Keep it in a safe place. You may
need it again in the future.
Update Stata if necessary

StataCorp releases updates to Stata often. These updates may include new
features and bug fixes that can be automatically downloaded and installed by
Stata from the Internet. There may be updates to Stata more recent than the
version of Stata on your DVD.
The first time Stata is launched, a dialog will open asking you if you would like
to enable automatic update checking. You should do this—it ensures that your
Stata is up to date, is convenient, and causes no problems even if you are not
connected to the Internet. If you enable automatic checking, another dialog will
open asking if you would like to check for updates now. Click on OK to do so.
If an update is available, follow the instructions. If you have trouble connecting
to the Internet from Stata, visit http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/web/ for help.
If you do not enable automatic checking, it is a good idea to periodically check
for updates to Stata. See [GSW] 19 Updating and extending Stata—Internet
functionality for more information about updating.
[ IG ] Installing Stata for Windows 7
Register your copy

Make sure that your copy of Stata is registered. As a registered Stata user, you
are entitled to free technical assistance should you have any questions, and we
will keep you informed of any new products or advancements that have been
announced. To register your copy of Stata, fill out the online registration form
at http://www.stata.com/register/, or return the registration card that came with
your Stata software.
Creating network shortcuts

If you installed Stata on a network drive, you will need to create shortcuts on
the workstations that will be using Stata.
1. Mount the network drive that Stata is installed on from a workstation.

Right-click on the Desktop or on the Windows Start menu, and select New
> Shortcut. Type the path for the Stata executable into the edit field, or
click on Browse... to locate it. Enter “Stata” for the name of the shortcut.
2. Once a shortcut for Stata has been created, right-click on it, and select
Properties. Set the default working directory for Stata by changing the
Start in field to a local drive that users have write access to. This is
where Stata will store datasets, graphs, and other Stata-related files. If the
workstation will be used by more than one user, consider changing the
Start in field to the environment variable %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%. Doing
so will set the default working directory to each user’s home directory.
Other ways to start Stata

You can start Stata in multiple ways:
• From the Start menu.

• Double-click on its application icon (as with any other application).
• Double-click on a Stata do-file. See [GSW] 13 Using the Do-file Editor—
automating Stata and [U] 16 Do-files for more information.
• Double-click on a Stata data file. Stata data files are files created by Stata
and have the extension .dta. When you double-click on a Stata data file,
Stata is started and the data file is loaded into Stata; see [GSW] 5 Opening
and saving Stata datasets.
If you experience any problems when trying to start Stata, see [GSW] A Trou-
bleshooting Stata. (We are assuming that you have successfully installed Stata
and have initialized the license. Please see the inside back cover for how to
access the PDF documentation from outside Stata.)
Exiting Stata
To exit Stata, select Exit from the File menu or press Alt+F4. If you have made
any changes to the data in your dataset, including creating a new dataset, you
will be prompted to save the changes.
If you exit Stata by typing the equivalent exit command, you will see the
following in the Results window if you have made changes to your data:

. exit
no; data in memory would be lost
r(4);

If you would like to save your changes, you could save the dataset as you save
any other file by using File > Save or Ctrl+S. You can also save the dataset
by typing save filename. You could then type exit again, and Stata will quit.
If you do not wish to save your changes, you can force Stata to exit without
saving the dataset by typing exit, clear.
Installing Stata for Mac
Upgrade or update?
If you are using an earlier Stata release and you are upgrading to Stata 11,
or if you have never installed Stata before on this computer, you need to read
this Installation Guide. If you have already installed Stata 11 and you would
like to install the latest updates to Stata 11, please refer to [GSM] 19 Updating
and extending Stata—Internet functionality.
Upgrading to Stata/MP, Stata/SE, or Stata/IC

If you have already installed a flavor of Stata 11 and have purchased an
upgrade to Stata/MP, Stata/SE, or Stata/IC, run the installer again and select
Add Stata/IC, Add Stata/MP, or Add Stata/SE for the Installation Type.
Make sure that you have your License and Authorization Key before doing
this. After installation, you will immediately want to update your executable
because it will most likely be out of sync with your ado-files.
Warning against multiple Stata applications

We recommend against having more than one Stata application installed on
the same computer, because it can confuse the Finder. Why? Because when
you double-click on a Stata file, the Mac may choose the wrong Stata to run.
You will not be able to predict which one will start. If you typically do not
start Stata by double-clicking on Stata files, you can have multiple versions,
but be forewarned that the first time you start Stata by double-clicking, you
may be confused.
Before you install

1. Make sure you have the Stata Installation DVD.

9
10 [ IG ] Installing Stata for Mac
4. You should not have any of your personal files in the Stata folder. But if
you do and wish to keep them, move them out of the Stata folder first.
5. If you are upgrading, drag the current Stata folder to the Trash, and
empty the Trash. Note: You must empty the Trash before proceeding.
6. You are now ready to install.
Installation
1. Insert the DVD.
2. Open the DVD from the Desktop, and double-click on the Installer appli-
cation to start the installation.
3. After you have carefully read the Read Me file and have agreed to the
software license agreement, click on Continue.
4. If you wish to change the drive that Stata will install to, change the Des-
tination. We recommend installing Stata in /Applications/Stata. Click
on Continue.
5. Choose the flavor of Stata that matches your license.
6. Click on the Install button.
7. Click on Quit after you see the message Installation was successful.
8. The Stata application detects the architecture of your Mac, so it runs
on Intel- and PowerPC-based Macs and is a 64-bit application on 64-bit
Intel-based Macs. Stata/MP will run on 64-bit Intel-based Macs only, and
Small Stata is 32-bit only.

You now need to start Stata so that you can initialize the license.
The first time that you start Stata, it will prompt you for the information on
your License and Authorization Key. You must enter something for all fields in
the dialog before you can continue. The code and authorization are not case
sensitive. If you make a mistake typing the codes, you will be prompted to
try again.
[ IG ] Installing Stata for Mac 11
If you get the message “The serial number, code, and authorization are
inconsistent”, try the initialization again. Be careful when typing your code
and authorization key. Anything that looks like “o” is the letter oh, anything
like “0” is a zero, anything like “1” is the number one, and anything like “L”
is the letter el.
Important: Do not lose your paper license. Keep it in a safe place. You may
need it again in the future.

version of Stata on your DVD.
The first time Stata is launched, a dialog will open asking you if you would like
to enable automatic update checking. You should do this—it ensures that your
Stata is up to date, is convenient, and causes no problems even if you are not
connected to the Internet. If you enable automatic checking, another dialog will
open asking if you would like to check for updates now. Click on OK to do so.
If an update is available, follow the instructions. If you have trouble connecting
to the Internet from Stata, visit http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/web/ for help.
If you do not enable automatic checking, it is a good idea to periodically check
for updates to Stata. See [GSM] 19 Updating and extending Stata—Internet
functionality for more information about updating.
12 [ IG ] Installing Stata for Mac
Register your copy

Make sure that your copy of Stata is registered. As a registered Stata user, you
are entitled to free technical assistance should you have any questions, and we
will keep you informed of any new products or advancements that have been
announced. To register your copy of Stata, fill out the online registration form
at http://www.stata.com/register/, or return the registration card that came with
your Stata software.
Other ways to start Stata

You can start Stata in multiple ways:
• Double-click on its application icon (as with any other application).

• Double-click on a Stata do-file. See [GSM] 13 Using the Do-file Editor—
automating Stata and [U] 16 Do-files for more information.
• Double-click on a Stata data file. Stata data files are files created by Stata
and have the extension .dta. When you double-click on a Stata data file,
Stata is started and the data file is loaded into Stata; see [GSM] 5 Opening
and saving Stata datasets.
If you experience any problems when trying to start Stata, see [GSM] A Trou-
bleshooting Stata. (We are assuming that you have successfully installed Stata
and have initialized the license. Please see the inside back cover for how to
access the PDF documentation from outside Stata.)
Quitting Stata
To quit Stata, select Quit from the Stata menu or press Command+Q. If you
have made any changes to the data in your dataset, including creating a new
dataset, you will be prompted to save the changes.
If you quit Stata by typing the equivalent exit command, you will see the
following in the Results window if you have made changes to your data:

. exit
r(4);

If you would like to save your changes, you could save the dataset as you
save any other file by using File > Save or Command+S. You can also save the
dataset by typing save filename. You could then type exit again, and Stata
will quit. If you do not wish to save your changes, you can force Stata to exit
without saving the dataset by typing exit, clear.
Installing Stata for Unix
Installation overview
The outline of the installation process is as follows:
1. Find your installation DVD and a paper copy of the License and Authorization
Key.
2. As superuser, create the directory in which you want to install Stata.
3. Change to that directory and run the installation script that is on the Stata
DVD.
4. Follow the instructions during the installation process.
5. Once the installation is complete, enter your license codes.
The details for each of these steps are below, with some pointers for trou-
bleshooting.
Find your installation DVD and paper license

You should have received the installation DVD and a paper copy of the License
and Authorization Key. You will need both to install Stata. The codes printed
in the License and Authorization Key are necessary for initializing the Stata
software.
Obtain superuser access

You must be logged in as superuser (root) to install Stata. For varieties of
Unix that disable the root account by default, issue either the command sudo
su - or the command su - to run as superuser during the installation. The #
prompt below indicates that you are running as superuser.
Create a directory for Stata

We recommend that you install Stata in /usr/local/stata11.
If you would like the path to the executables as seen by users to remain stable
as you upgrade Stata in the future, you can create a symbolic link (type man
ln for more information) from /usr/local/stata11 to /usr/local/stata:
# ln -s /usr/local/stata11 /usr/local/stata
If you wish to install Stata in a completely different directory, you are free to
do so.
13
14 [ IG ] Installing Stata for Unix
Users who want to access Stata must modify their .profile or .cshrc or
.login shell start-up scripts to include the Stata installation directory in their
PATH. Throughout this manual, we will assume that you have installed Stata
in /usr/local/stata11 and used a symbolic link to /usr/local/stata.
Upgrading
If you are upgrading from Stata 10, you can leave Stata 10 installed where
it is, allowing you to have both Stata 10 and Stata 11. Install Stata 11 in
/usr/local/stata11 and leave Stata 10 alone.
Have your users modify their shell start-up scripts to use the proper PATH for
Stata 11. Otherwise, when they run Stata, they will be running Stata 10.
If you want to uninstall Stata 10, type
# rm -r /usr/local/stata10
to remove it. If Stata 10 is installed in a different directory, you will have to

change the above command accordingly.
Install Stata
Set your current directory to /usr/local/stata11 and run the installation
script,
# cd /usr/local/stata11
# /media/Stata/install
replacing /media/Stata with the path to the DVD if your device path differs
(other common paths are /dev/cdrom and /mount/stata). If you have trouble
running the installer, it could be because your version of Unix will not, by
default, allow you to run applications from a DVD. Please see page 18 for
more help.
Follow the prompts. Nothing will be written until you say it is OK to do so.

Initialize the license by typing
# cd /usr/local/stata11
# ./stinit
[ IG ] Installing Stata for Unix 15
You will be asked if you accept the software license agreement, which can
be found in the file license.pdf on your installation media. Read and accept
the software license agreement to proceed with the installation.
You will be asked for your serial number, code, and authorization key, which
are printed on your License and Authorization Key. The code and authorization
are not case sensitive. You will also be asked to specify your name and address
if you have a single-user license, or the institution name and department or
address if you have a multiple-user license. When you invoke Stata in the
future, the license information will be displayed along with the name and
address you enter. This information will also be written in system files that
Stata creates so that, should you ever need to send a file to us, we will know
whom it is from. Whenever you or any of your users calls our technical support
line, we will ask for this information, all of which Stata reports when it begins
execution.
If, for some reason, you need to reinitialize the license for an installed copy of
Stata, you will have to contact Stata Technical Support for special instructions.
Set the message of the day (optional)

Every time Stata is invoked, the contents of /usr/local/stata11/stata.msg
are displayed. This feature provides a convenient way to communicate with
Stata users if you are administering a large site. As superuser, you may edit
the file or erase it if you wish.
Verify that Stata is working

Now that you have completed the installation process, you should verify that
everything has been installed properly. You must log out as superuser and log
in again as a regular Stata user. The prompts below change to $ to indicate
your regular user status.
To use Stata as a user, your path must include the Stata installation directory,
and to run the GUI version, you must be running X Windows. For our quick
test, we are going to be crude. The following will work whether you use sh,
csh, bash, or ksh:
% sh
$ PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/stata
$ export PATH
For Stata(console):
$ stata
For Stata(GUI):
$ xstata
Stata should launch. Use stata-se or xstata-se if you have Stata/SE, and
stata-mp or xstata-mp if you have Stata/MP. If Stata does not start properly,
see page 18.
Assuming that nothing is wrong, type
. exit
$ exit
The first exit took us out of Stata. The second exit took us out of the sh
that we temporarily invoked.
Modify shell start-up script

Once you have verified that Stata is working, modify your shell start-up script
to include Stata in your path. We will assume that you have created a symbolic
link from /usr/local/stata to your Stata installation directory. If you did not
create the recommended symbolic link, substitute your installation directory
for /usr/local/stata in the paths below.
If you use csh or tcsh, there is a line in your .cshrc file (in your home
directory) that looks like
set path = (/bin /usr/bin /usr/local/bin ~/bin)
Edit the file and add /usr/local/stata to the end of the list:
set path = (/bin /usr/bin /usr/local/bin ~/bin /usr/local/stata)
If you use bash, sh, or ksh, there is a line in your .profile (in your home
directory) that looks like
PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:$HOME/bin"
Edit the file and add /usr/local/stata to the list:

PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/stata"
If you are using a symbolic link to your Stata installation directory and you
have included the path to the Stata installation directory, be sure that the
symbolic link appears before the true directory in the path.
Log out and log back in so that the changes you have made will take effect.
Stata should now work from any directory on your computer.

version of Stata on your DVD. You should check for updates to Stata before
you use it for the first time. You can do this one of two ways:
• Select Help > Official Updates.

• Enter update query from the command line.
It’s also a good idea to periodically check for updates to Stata. See [GSU] 19 Up-
dating and extending Stata—Internet functionality for more information about
updating. If you have trouble connecting to the Internet from Stata, visit
http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/web/ for help.
Starting Stata
With Stata for Unix, you can choose between two user interfaces. The first
option is the graphical user interface, or GUI, which we will refer to as
Stata(GUI). The second option is the nongraphical user interface, which we
will refer to as Stata(console). If instructions apply to either interface, we will
simply refer to Stata.
Upon installation, both interfaces are installed, but only the GUI version can
display graphs. If you use X Windows, you will be able to invoke either
interface, GUI or console, at each session. See [GSU] 2 The Stata user interface
for more information about the Stata user interface.
To start Stata from a Unix prompt, type
• xstata or xstata-se or xstata-mp to start Stata(GUI), or

• stata or stata-se or stata-mp to start Stata(console).
If you see a message telling you that Stata could not find the license file or
if you receive any other error when you try to start Stata, please see page 18.
Stata(GUI) requires X Windows to run.
Stata(console) has a nongraphical interface; it is run in a terminal window, and
output is displayed on the terminal.
Exiting Stata
To exit Stata(GUI), select Exit from the File menu or press Ctrl+Q. If you have
made any changes to the data in your dataset, including creating a new dataset,
you will be prompted to save the changes.
If you exit Stata by typing the equivalent exit command, which is the only
way to exit the console version of Stata, you will see the following in the
Results window if you have made changes to your data:

. exit
r(4);

If you would like to save your changes in Stata(GUI), you could save the
dataset as you save any other file by using File > Save or Ctrl+S. In either
Stata, you can also save the dataset by typing save filename. You could then
type exit again, and Stata will quit. If you do not wish to save your changes,
you can force Stata to exit without saving the dataset by typing exit, clear.
Troubleshooting Unix installation
If you had trouble with the installation of Stata, it could be because you have
a recent copy of Unix that will not allow you to run applications from a DVD
drive. Type df -l to see what local devices are mounted; one should look like
the Stata DVD. For example, you could see something like
$ df -l
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda6 23054660 5528268 16336380 26% /
/dev/hdc 274158 274158 0 100% /media/Stata
/dev/hdc is the device name, and /media/Stata is the mount point.
If you see something indicating that the Stata DVD is successfully mounted,
you need to see if you are being prevented from running applications directly
from the DVD. Type mount to get information about any mounted file systems.
Somewhere on the list, you should see information about your DVD. Continuing
with the above example, you should see your device name and mount point
in the output:
$ mount
omitted output
/dev/hdc on /media/Stata type iso9660 (ro,noexec,nosuid,nodev,uid=220)
If you see the term noexec appear, you are not allowed to run applications
from a DVD. Your best course of action is to copy everything from the Stata
DVD to a temporary directory and run the installation from there. Substitute
your mount point for /media/Stata below.
$ mkdir /tmp/statainstall
$ cp -r /media/Stata /tmp/statainstall
$ mkdir /usr/local/stata11
$ cd /usr/local/stata11
$ sudo /tmp/statainstall/install
After you have Stata running and initialized, you can delete the temporary
directory /tmp/statainstall.
If you are still having problems installing or if you have any other troubles, please
see the Unix FAQs on our web site at http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/unix/.
If this does not help, contact Stata Technical Support. Please gather all the
information you can about your system, including your computer model and
the type and version of Unix that you are using.
Troubleshooting Unix start-up

If you have attempted to invoke Stata(GUI) by typing xstata or xstata-se at
the Unix prompt and it has failed, attempt to invoke Stata(console) by typing
stata or stata-se at the Unix prompt. If Stata(console) fails, continue here.
If Stata(console) starts without problems, see the next section of this chapter.
You tried to start Stata and it refused; Stata or your operating system presented
a message explaining that something is wrong. Here are the possibilities:
Cannot find Stata directory
Stata first checks in /usr/local/stata11 and then checks in /usr/local/stata
to find the license file. If Stata does not find the license in either of these
locations, it looks in every directory in the Unix PATH. If you receive this
message, most likely the directory where Stata is installed is not in your PATH.
You need to add this directory to your PATH.
Cannot find license file
This message means just what it says; nothing is too seriously wrong. Stata
simply could not find what it is looking for. The two most common reasons
for this are that you did not complete the installation process or that Stata is
not installed where it should be.
Did you insert the codes printed on your paper license to unlock Stata? If not,
go back and complete the initialization procedure.
Assuming that you did unlock Stata, Stata is merely mislocated, or the location
has not been filled in.
Error opening or reading the file

Something is distinctly wrong and for purely technical reasons. Stata found
the file that it was looking for, but either the operating system refused to let
Stata open it or there was an I/O error.
The stata.lic file could have incorrect permissions. Verify that stata.lic is in
/usr/local/stata (or at least in the directory linked to /usr/local/stata) and
that everybody has been granted read permission. To change the permissions,
become superuser by logging in as root (using su or sudo) and type chmod
a+r /usr/local/stata11/stata.lic.
Other messages
The other messages indicate that Stata thinks you are attempting to do something
that you are not licensed to do. Most commonly, you are attempting to run Stata
over a network when you do not have a network license, but there are many
other alternatives. There are two possibilities: either you really are attempting
to do something that you are not licensed to do, or Stata is wrong. In either
case, you are going to have to contact us. Your license can be upgraded, or,
if Stata is wrong, we can provide codes to make Stata stop thinking that you
are violating the license; see [U] 3.9 Technical support.
Stata(console) starts but Stata(GUI) does not
Trouble with libraries

Stata, like many other programs designed for Unix machines, needs certain
system libraries to run. Most of the standard library routines that Stata needs are
included in the Stata binary. However, Stata does rely on a few external libraries.
For example, Stata assumes that your system will have the standard C library
available. Stata(GUI) assumes that you have the X Windows libraries as well.
These libraries are often located in different places on different implementations
of Unix. For example, under Linux, the standard C libraries can be found
in /lib, whereas the X Windows libraries are in /usr/lib; under Solaris,
both the standard libraries and the X libraries are in /usr/lib. The operating
system needs to know where to find the libraries that Stata needs to run. The
Unix environment variable LD LIBRARY PATH tells the operating system where
to find libraries. If you get an error message that says something like
ld.so.1: xstata: fatal: some library.so.#: can’t open file
the likely reason is that the operating system cannot find the necessary libraries.
Stata does not rely on any unique libraries; you can rest assured that the libraries
you need are on your system. You should look for the library in question
on your system and make sure the environment variable LD LIBRARY PATH
includes the path to the directory where the library in question is located. Your
system administrator may be able to help with this task.
Setting the DISPLAY environment variable

Sometimes when executing Stata in a networked environment, Stata(GUI) will
produce the error message
You need X Windows for this version of Stata.
This means that Stata has not found the DISPLAY environment variable. You
need to set the DISPLAY variable to be the screen on which you want Stata(GUI)
to appear. For example, in csh, type setenv DISPLAY machine:0.0.
xhost permissions
Another related error message can occur with Stata(GUI). When Stata is being
run in a networked environment, the computer on which Stata(GUI) is actually
executing may not have permission to draw on the screen of the computer on
which you have asked Stata to draw. Then you may see the following:
Xlib: connection to machine name:0.0 refused by server
Xlib: Client is not authorized to connect to Server
xhost: unable to open display
This means that the machine that is actually executing the Stata instructions
(the x-client in X Windows parlance) does not have permission to draw on
the screen of the computer that you have asked it to (the x-server). On the
machine on which you want to display Stata(GUI), type
% xhost +client machine
This will give the client permission to draw on the server.
Getting more help
If you continue to experience problems invoking Stata(GUI), please see the Unix
FAQs on our web site at http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/unix/, or contact
Stata Technical Support.
Platforms and flavors
Available platforms
Stata for Mac is available for both PowerPC- and Intel-based Macs running
Mac OS X version 10.5 or newer. Stata runs as a 64-bit application on 64-bit
Intel-based Macs.
Stata for Windows is available for 32-bit x86, 64-bit x86-64 and 64-bit Itanium R
versions of Windows 2000, XP, Vista, and Windows 7.
Stata for Unix is available for 64-bit AIX, 32-bit Linux for x86, 64-bit Linux
for x86-64, 64-bit Linux for Intel Itanium, 64-bit Solaris for SPARC, and 64-bit
Solaris for x86-64.
Support for other platforms may have been added; contact us for the latest
information.
Available flavors
Stata/MP Professional version of Stata.

Parallel-processing capable.
Fastest on multiple-core/multiple-processor machines.
Maximum of 32,766 variables; observations limited only by com-
puter memory.
Stata/SE Professional version of Stata.
Fastest on a single-processor machine.
puter memory.
Stata/IC Professional version of Stata.
Very fast.
puter memory.
Small Stata Stata for small computers. Not available for Unix.
Slower than Stata/MP, Stata/SE, and Stata/IC.
Maximum of 99 variables and 1,200 observations.
23
Documentation
All the documentation for Stata is included in PDF format. You can open it
from within Stata by clicking on Help > PDF Documentation. It is also linked
into Stata’s online help. If you want to get to the PDF documents directly, they
can be found in the utilities subdirectory of the Stata installation directory.
There is also a copy of the manuals at the top level of the installation DVD. For
information about how to optimally set up Adobe Reader for viewing the PDF
manuals, please visit http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/res/documentation.html.
When reading the manuals, you will find references to other Stata manuals.
For example,
[U] 26 Overview of Stata estimation commands
[R] regress
The first example is a reference to chapter 26, Overview of Stata estimation com-
mands, in the User’s Guide; and the second is a reference to the regress entry in
the Base Reference Manual. All of these are clickable in the PDF documentation.
All the manuals in the Stata Documentation have a shorthand notation:
[GSM] Getting Started with Stata for Mac
[GSU] Getting Started with Stata for Unix
[GSW] Getting Started with Stata for Windows
[U] Stata User’s Guide
[R] Stata Base Reference Manual
[D] Stata Data-Management Reference Manual
[G] Stata Graphics Reference Manual
[XT] Stata Longitudinal-Data/Panel-Data Reference Manual
[MI] Stata Multiple-Imputation Reference Manual
[MV] Stata Multivariate Statistics Reference Manual
[P] Stata Programming Reference Manual
[SVY] Stata Survey Data Reference Manual
[ST] Stata Survival Analysis and Epidemiological Tables Reference Manual
[TS] Stata Time-Series Reference Manual
[I] Stata Quick Reference and Index
[M] Mata Reference Manual
Detailed information about each of these manuals may be found online at
http://www.stata-press.com/manuals/
25

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Stata R Release 11 Installation Guide

Copyright c 1985–2009 by StataCorp LP

Before you install

1. Make sure you have a License and Authorization Key.

Stata for Windows installation

Stata for Mac installation

Stata for Unix installation

Upgrading to Stata/MP, Stata/SE, or Stata/IC

Before you install

1. Make sure you have the Stata Installation DVD.

1. Insert the DVD.

a. If you have a 64-bit computer with 64-bit Microsoft Windows

a. We recommend that you choose the default directory.

a. The default working directory is the default location for your

Initialize the license

Update Stata if necessary

Register your copy

Creating network shortcuts

1. Mount the network drive that Stata is installed on from a workstation.

Other ways to start Stata

• From the Start menu.

Upgrading to Stata/MP, Stata/SE, or Stata/IC

Warning against multiple Stata applications

Before you install

1. Make sure you have the Stata Installation DVD.

Initialize the license

Update Stata if necessary

Register your copy

Other ways to start Stata

• Double-click on its application icon (as with any other application).

Find your installation DVD and paper license

Obtain superuser access

Create a directory for Stata

to remove it. If Stata 10 is installed in a different directory, you will have to

Initialize the license

Set the message of the day (optional)

Verify that Stata is working

Modify shell start-up script

Edit the file and add /usr/local/stata to the list:

Update Stata if necessary

• Select Help > Official Updates.

• xstata or xstata-se or xstata-mp to start Stata(GUI), or

Troubleshooting Unix installation

/dev/hdc is the device name, and /media/Stata is the mount point.

Troubleshooting Unix start-up

Error opening or reading the file

Stata(console) starts but Stata(GUI) does not

Trouble with libraries

Setting the DISPLAY environment variable

Stata/MP Professional version of Stata.

Detailed information about each of these manuals may be found online at

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