CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN BARANGAY ONG YIU

BUTUAN CITY

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A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Criminology
Merchant Marine Academy of Caraga, Inc.
Butuan City, Philippines
_____________________________________

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

_______________________________________

James B. Antiqueza
Leslie Jean L. Boligor
Michael Jay B. Boligor
Jullamae A. Naling
Marl Angelo A. Nobleza

2025
 Acknowledgment

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our esteemed

panelists, Dr. Dennis P. Mausisa, Dr. Ian S. Tampan, Dr. Jocelyn D. Ramos,

Dr. Danilo L. Daniel, Mr. Jhun Mark S. Patlunag, and Dr. Danilo Felias, for

their invaluable insights, constructive feedback, and unwavering support

throughout our research endeavors. Your expertise and guidance have been

instrumental in shaping our work and fostering a deeper understanding of

our subject matter.

We also extend our sincere appreciation to our research adviser, Gian

Venci T. Alonzo, MSCrim (CAR), for his continuous encouragement and

mentorship. Your dedication to our growth as researchers has made a

significant impact on our journey.

 Dedication

This research is dedicated to our panelists and adviser, whose collective

wisdom and support have inspired us to strive for excellence. May this work

reflect the guidance and encouragement we received from each of you, and

may it contribute to the ongoing pursuit of knowledge in our field. Thank

you for believing in us and for your commitment to our success.

We also dedicate this work to our parents, whose love, sacrifices, and

unwavering belief in our potential have been the foundation of our success.

Your encouragement and support have fueled our determination to reach

this milestone, and we are forever grateful for your guidance and

inspiration.

Lastly, we dedicate this research to the Lord our God, for without His grace

and strength, none of this would have been possible. We acknowledge the

countless blessings and opportunities we have received throughout this

journey. May this work serve as a testament to His faithfulness and love,

guiding us in our future endeavors. Thank you all for your support and

belief in us; we are truly blessed.

 Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Conducting a study on crime prevention strategies in Barangay Ong

Yiu, Butuan City, is essential due to the increasing concerns regarding

safety and security in the area. Recent reports indicate a rise in various

criminal activities, including theft, domestic violence, and drug-related

offenses, which have created an environment of fear and uncertainty among

residents. These issues not only threaten the physical safety of individuals

but also hinder community development and solidity. By examining the

effectiveness of existing crime prevention measures and identifying gaps in

community engagement and law enforcement practices, this research aims

to propose tailored strategies that address the unique socio-economic

challenges faced by Barangay Ong Yiu. Implementing effective crime

prevention strategies can enhance public trust in local authorities, improve

quality of life, and foster a safer, more resilient community.

Globally, crime rates have been affected by factors such as socio-

economic disparities, urbanization, and the proliferation of digital

technology. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

(2020), countries worldwide are grappling with rising crime rates, which

often demand innovative approaches to prevention. Many nations face

challenges in adapting their crime prevention strategies to rapidly changing

social dynamics, where traditional methods may fall short. In the United

States, issues such as gun violence, drug addiction, and systemic inequality

have compounded the crime problem, leading to debates on the

effectiveness of law enforcement practices and the need for comprehensive

reform. Research has shown that community-based initiatives, such as the

"Cure Violence" program in Chicago (Alder, 2019) and various restorative

justice approaches (Zehr, 2020), have yielded positive results in reducing

crime by addressing underlying social issues and fostering collaboration

among community members. Similarly, countries like Norway have

implemented rehabilitation-focused strategies that emphasize reintegration

over punishment, resulting in significantly lower recidivism rates (Lappi-

Seppälä, 2021). As nations strive to combat crime, they learn from each

other's successes and failures, underscoring the importance of adaptable

crime prevention strategies that consider local contexts while also

addressing these global challenges.

In the Philippine context, crime remains a significant challenge. The

country has experienced fluctuations in crime rates, often exacerbated by

socio-economic inequalities and political instability. National policies aimed

at crime prevention, such as the Philippine National Police’s (PNP) Oplan

Sauron and the implementation of community policing, have been central to

efforts aimed at enhancing public safety (Cruz, 2021). However, the

effectiveness of these policies can vary greatly depending on local

conditions, community involvement, and resource availability. For instance,

research conducted in Manila highlights the challenges of community

policing initiatives, emphasizing the need for better engagement and trust-

building between police and communities (Santos, 2022). Additionally,

studies on anti-drug campaigns in urban areas have shown that heavy-

handed approaches often lead to human rights violations and community

fear, undermining long-term crime prevention efforts (Bacani, 2020). This

points to the necessity of investigating how these national frameworks

translate into localized crime prevention strategies, ensuring that they are

adaptable and responsive to the specific needs and contexts of different

communities across the Philippines.

 In Butuan City, research on crime prevention highlights several

pressing issues and challenges. A study by Naga and Cruz (2021) identified

factors such as poverty, lack of education, and limited access to social

services as significant contributors to crime in the area. Their research

emphasized the importance of community involvement in crime prevention

strategies, noting that stronger community ties can enhance trust and

cooperation with law enforcement. Another study by Villanueva (2022)

explored the effectiveness of local crime prevention programs, particularly

the role of barangay officials in addressing safety concerns. Villanueva

found that while some initiatives showed promise, there were gaps in

training and resources that hindered their success. This underscores the

need for more comprehensive support from local government units to

empower community leaders in their crime prevention efforts. These

findings collectively point to the necessity of developing tailored crime

prevention strategies in Butuan City that consider local socio-economic

conditions and enhance community engagement, ensuring a more holistic

approach to public safety.

Despite existing research on crime prevention strategies in various

regions of the Philippines, there remains a significant gap in understanding

the specific challenges and needs faced by communities in Butuan City.

While studies have highlighted broader issues such as socio-economic

disparities and the effectiveness of national policies, there is a lack of

localized research that directly examines how these factors interact in the
context of Butuan's unique socio-cultural landscape. Furthermore, existing

literature often overlooks the perspectives of community members and local

stakeholders, which are crucial for developing effective and sustainable

crime prevention initiatives. This gap underscores the importance of

conducting targeted research to inform policy and practice in Butuan City,

ultimately contributing to more nuanced and effective approaches to crime

prevention that resonate with the lived experiences of its residents.

Theoretical Framework

This study of crime prevention draws upon several interrelated

theories that illuminate the complexities of crime dynamics at international,

national, and local levels. But the heart of this framework is the Social

Disorganization theory where the study is anchored. This theory was

developed by Shaw and Mckay (1940) and later revisited by the scholars

Sampson and Groves (2019). This theory posits that a community’s

structure and socio-economic conditions significantly influence crime rates.

Communities characterized by poverty, residential instability, and lack of

social cohesion tend to exhibit higher crime rates. This foundational theory

underpins the investigation into how local conditions in Barangay Ong Yiu

affect the community's ability to implement effective crime prevention

strategies.
 Building on Social Disorganization Theory, the framework

incorporates Routine Activity Theory, which asserts that crime occurs

when a motivated offender encounters a suitable target without capable

guardianship (Cohen & Felson, 2020). This theory emphasizes the role of

community vigilance and involvement in crime prevention efforts. In the

context of Barangay Ong Yiu, understanding the daily activities and

interactions among residents can shed light on the opportunities for crime

and the community's capacity to act as guardians. This relationship

underscores the importance of community engagement in developing

successful crime prevention initiatives.

Furthermore, the framework incorporates Crime Prevention

Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, which advocate for

designing physical spaces to reduce opportunities for crime (Crowe, 2021).

By applying CPTED strategies, Barangay Ong Yiu can enhance its urban

environment, making it less conducive to criminal activities. This theory

emphasizes the integration of urban planning and crime prevention,

suggesting that environmental factors play a crucial role in community

safety. The interplay between local design features and social dynamics

forms a comprehensive understanding of crime prevention.

Lastly, the framework recognizes the influence of Community

Policing Theory, which promotes collaboration between law enforcement

and community members to foster safety and trust (Trojanowicz &

Bucqueroux, 2019). In Barangay Ony Yiu, effective crime prevention is

contingent upon the establishment of strong relationships between police

and residents. This theory highlights the need for participatory governance

and active citizen involvement in shaping crime prevention policies. It

emphasizes that local perceptions of safety and security significantly impact

community responses to crime.

In summary, this theoretical framework integrates Social

Disorganization Theory (Sampson & Groves, 2019), Routine Activity Theory

(Cohen & Felson, 2020), CPTED principles (Crowe, 2021), and Community

Policing Theory (Trojanowicz & Bucqueroux, 2019) to provide a

comprehensive understanding of crime prevention in Barangay Ony Yui. By

exploring the interconnections between community structure, daily

routines, environmental design, and policing strategies, the framework

elucidates the multi-faceted nature of crime prevention. This holistic

approach not only contextualizes the challenges faced by the barangay but

also informs the development of tailored strategies that can enhance safety

and security at the local level. Through this lens, the study aims to

contribute meaningful insights into effective crime prevention efforts that

resonate with the unique characteristics of the community.

Independent Variable Intervening Variable

Dependent Variable

1. Communit 1. Social
y Cohesion
Engageme 2. Economic Crime Rates in
nt Condition Barangay Ong
2. Environme s Yiu
ntal 3. Awarenes
Design s and
(CPTED Education
Principles)

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Despite ongoing efforts at the national level to address crime in the

Philippines, local communities like Barangay Ony Yiu in Butuan City

continue to face significant challenges related to crime prevention. The

complexities of crime in this barangay are influenced by various factors,

including community engagement, environmental design, and policing

strategies. However, the specific dynamics that affect crime rates and the

effectiveness of prevention strategies remain underexplored. There is a

need to understand how social cohesion, economic conditions, and

community awareness contribute to the overall success of crime prevention

efforts. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating the

relationships among these variables and their impact on crime rates in

Barangay Ony Yiu. Furthermore, this study seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the correlation between the level of community

engagement initiatives and crime rates in Barangay Ong Yiu?

2. To what extent do CPTED (Crime Prevention Through

Environmental Design) principles affect residents' perceptions of

safety and the actual crime rates in Barangay Ong Yiu?

3. What is the impact of social cohesion and awareness programs on

the reduction of crime rates in Barangay Ong Yiu?

Hypotheses

H 01 : There is a negative correlation between community engagement initiatives and crime rates in

Barangay Ong Yui.

H O 2: Implementation of CPTED principles is associated with a decrease in crime rates and an increase in

perceptions of safety among residents of Barangay Ong Yiu.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of this study is focused on Barangay Ong Yiu, Butuan City,

allowing for an in-depth analysis of crime prevention strategies and their

effectiveness within this specific community. The target population includes

residents of Barangay Ong Yiu, local law enforcement officials, and

community leaders. Data will be collected through surveys, interviews, and

crime statistics from relevant local authorities. The study will examine three

primary independent variables—community engagement initiatives, Crime

Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles, and policing

strategies—alongside the dependent variable of crime rates. Additionally,

the intervening variables of social cohesion and community awareness will

be explored. The research will analyze data over the past five years (2019-

2024) to assess trends and changes in crime rates and prevention

strategies.

However, the study is not without limitations. The findings may not be

generalizable to other barangays or regions in the Philippines due to the

unique socio-economic and cultural characteristics of Barangay Ony Yui.

Response bias is another potential limitation, as participants may provide

socially desirable answers rather than candid reflections of their

experiences or perceptions regarding crime.

Furthermore, the accuracy of crime rate data relies heavily on the

completeness and reliability of records maintained by local law enforcement

agencies, and any discrepancies or gaps in this data could affect the study's

findings. Lastly, while the research will primarily utilize quantitative

methods, it may not capture the qualitative aspects of community dynamics

and individual experiences with crime, which could provide additional

insights into the effectiveness of prevention strategies. By clearly

delineating these scope and limitations, the study establishes a framework

for understanding its context and acknowledges the factors that may

influence the results.

Definition of Terms

The following are the terms used in the study and defined operationally.

Community Engagement Initiatives. These are organized activities

designed to encourage active participation of residents in crime prevention

efforts. This includes community meetings, neighborhood watch programs,

and volunteer initiatives aimed at fostering collaboration between residents

and local law enforcement. Operationally, these initiatives will be measured

by the number of events held, participant turnout, and resident feedback

through surveys.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

Principles. CPTED refers to a set of strategies aimed at reducing crime by

modifying the physical environment. This includes aspects such as improved

street lighting, natural surveillance through landscaping, and the design of

public spaces that enhance visibility and accessibility. Operationally, the

effectiveness of CPTED will be assessed by conducting environmental audits

and evaluating changes in crime rates before and after implementation of

specific design interventions.

Policing Strategies. These are specific approaches employed by law

enforcement agencies to prevent and respond to crime. In this study,

policing strategies will encompass community policing practices, problem-

oriented policing, and collaborative efforts with community stakeholders.

Operationally, these strategies will be evaluated based on the frequency of

police-community interactions, the presence of officers in the community,

and crime response times.

Crime Rates. This term refers to the number of reported criminal

incidents within Barangay Ong Yiu over a specified period, typically

measured per 1,000 residents. It will include various categories of crime

such as theft, drug-related offenses, and violent crimes. Operationally,

crime rates will be calculated using data from local law enforcement
agencies, and trends will be analyzed over the designated time frame of

2019 to 2024.

Social Cohesion. Social cohesion is defined as the degree of social

connectedness among community members, characterized by trust, mutual

support, and shared values. It will be operationally measured through

surveys assessing residents' perceptions of their relationships with

neighbors, participation in community activities, and feelings of safety

within the barangay.

Community Awareness. This term refers to the level of knowledge and

understanding among residents regarding crime prevention resources and

strategies available in their community. Operationally, community

awareness will be assessed through surveys that gauge residents’

familiarity with local crime prevention programs, resources, and

educational initiatives.
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Crime prevention is a multifaceted field that integrates various

strategies aimed at reducing the risk of crime before it occurs. For example,

Eck and Clarke (2019) emphasize the importance of situational crime

prevention, which involves altering specific situations to make criminal

behavior less likely. They argue that understanding the environmental

factors that facilitate crime is crucial in designing effective interventions.

This perspective aligns with the previously discussed CPTED principles,

highlighting how environmental modifications can deter crime by limiting

opportunities.

Another significant area of crime prevention research focuses on the

role of community resources. According to Taylor et al. (2020),

neighborhoods with abundant resources such as recreational facilities and

community centers tend to experience lower crime rates. This finding is

consistent with the literature on community engagement, where strong

social ties and active participation in local initiatives foster a collective

sense of responsibility that mitigates criminal activity. Thus, enhancing

community resources can be viewed as a practical extension of community

engagement strategies.

Moreover, the effectiveness of crime prevention programs is often

contingent on the level of community buy-in. Skogan (2019) discusses how

successful crime prevention initiatives are characterized by active

community participation and feedback. This notion resonates with

Mastrofski et al. (2021) and their findings on neighborhood watch

programs, underscoring that empowering residents is key to creating a

safer environment. As community members become more involved, they are

more likely to take ownership of their safety, which can lead to decreased

crime rates.

The role of technology in crime prevention has gained increased attention in

recent years. Liu et al. (2021) explore the use of predictive policing

algorithms, which analyze data to forecast potential criminal activities.

While this approach has its benefits, such as resource allocation and

proactive policing, they also caution against potential biases and the

implications of surveillance. This discussion complements the existing

literature on effective policing strategies, highlighting that while technology

can enhance policing efforts, it must be implemented judiciously to avoid

exacerbating social inequalities.

In addition to technology, the psychological aspects of crime

prevention are also critical. Johnson and Davis (2020) argue that
understanding the motivations behind criminal behavior is essential for

developing effective prevention strategies. Their research indicates that

addressing underlying issues, such as substance abuse and mental health

problems, can significantly reduce recidivism. This perspective aligns with

the earlier discussions on social cohesion, where community support

systems play a vital role in preventing crime by addressing root causes.

The influence of economic factors on crime rates cannot be

understated. According to Wilson and Kelling (2019), economic downturns

often lead to increased crime rates, particularly property crimes. They

advocate for community investment programs that can uplift economically

disadvantaged areas as a preventive measure. This connection to socio-

economic factors complements Anderson's (2019) exploration of the

correlation between poverty and crime, reinforcing the need for

comprehensive community development as a crime prevention strategy.

Educational initiatives also play a crucial role in crime prevention.

According to McGarrell and Corsaro (2019), community-based educational

programs that focus on crime awareness and safety practices can empower

residents to take preventive measures. These programs often lead to

increased reporting of suspicious activities and greater community

vigilance. In this context, the findings align well with Taylor et al. (2021),

emphasizing the importance of community awareness in bolstering crime

prevention efforts.
 Furthermore, the impact of youth engagement in crime prevention is

significant. Fagan and Tyler (2019) discuss the effectiveness of youth

mentorship programs in reducing juvenile delinquency. Their research

suggests that positive role models and structured activities can steer youth

away from criminal behaviors. This ties back to the concept of social

cohesion, where fostering connections among youth and community

members can create protective factors that deter crime.

Another essential aspect of crime prevention is the integration of

multi-agency approaches. According to O'Neill et al. (2020), collaboration

between law enforcement, social services, and community organizations

leads to more effective crime prevention strategies. They argue that

addressing the multifaceted nature of crime requires a coordinated effort

that utilizes the strengths of various stakeholders. This approach echoes the

earlier discussions on community engagement, reinforcing that a collective

effort can enhance the overall effectiveness of crime prevention initiatives.

Lastly, the evaluation of crime prevention strategies is critical for

understanding their impact. In their study, Weisburd and Eck (2019)

highlight the need for robust evaluation methods to assess the effectiveness

of various interventions. They advocate for data-driven approaches that

inform future policies and practices. This emphasis on evaluation

complements the existing literature on effective policing and community

engagement, stressing the importance of ongoing assessment to adapt

strategies to meet evolving community needs.

Community Awareness

Community awareness involves the collective understanding and

responsiveness of residents regarding safety and security issues within their

neighborhoods. Research indicates that higher levels of community

awareness correlate with decreased crime rates (Skogan, 2019; Taylor,

2019). Educating residents about local crime trends, safety practices, and

available resources is essential for fostering a proactive approach to crime

prevention (Hipp, 2019). Programs that provide residents with information

on crime prevention techniques, such as securing homes and reporting

suspicious activities, have been shown to enhance community engagement

(Chavis & Wandersman, 2019).

Furthermore, community awareness initiatives can significantly

impact perceptions of safety. When residents are informed about crime

statistics and safety resources, they are more likely to feel empowered and

involved in maintaining their neighborhood's safety (Friedman &

Rosenbaum, 2019). Such initiatives can take various forms, including

community meetings, workshops, and informational campaigns. These

interactions not only educate residents but also foster a sense of

community, encouraging neighbors to look out for one another (Hipp,

2019).

The role of social media in enhancing community awareness cannot be

overlooked. Platforms like Facebook and Next door facilitate communication

between residents and law enforcement, allowing for real-time updates

about local issues and events. Studies show that effective use of social

media can strengthen community ties and enhance awareness of safety

concerns (Perry, 2019). These digital tools enable neighborhoods to create

virtual watch groups, increasing engagement and fostering collective

responsibility for community safety (Meyer, 2019).

Collaboration with Law Enforcement

Effective collaboration between law enforcement agencies and

community members is vital for enhancing public safety. Studies highlight

the importance of building trust between police and the communities they

serve (Tyler, 2019; Sunshine & Tyler, 2019). Collaborative policing models,

such as community-oriented policing, emphasize partnership and shared

responsibility for crime prevention (Kelling & Moore, 2019). Research

demonstrates that when communities feel empowered to engage with law

enforcement, it leads to improved reporting of crimes and a greater

willingness to cooperate in investigations (Weisburd et al., 2019).

 Successful collaborations often involve establishing clear lines of

communication and fostering transparency between law enforcement and

the community. Regular meetings, community forums, and joint initiatives

can create opportunities for dialogue, allowing residents to voice concerns

and suggestions (Skogan, 2019). Additionally, involving community

members in police training programs can enhance mutual understanding

and create a shared vision for safety (Tyler, 2019). This approach helps

bridge gaps between police officers and community members, making law

enforcement more responsive to local needs.

Moreover, partnerships between law enforcement and community

organizations can strengthen crime prevention efforts. Collaborative

initiatives that include local businesses, schools, and civic groups can

amplify outreach and education efforts, creating a more comprehensive

approach to safety (Hipp, 2019). Programs that facilitate joint community

service projects or crime prevention workshops can enhance the

relationship between law enforcement and residents, fostering a sense of

shared responsibility for neighborhood safety.

Neighborhood Watch Initiation

Neighborhood watch programs are one of the most recognized forms

of community-based crime prevention. These initiatives encourage residents

to monitor their neighborhoods and report suspicious activities to law

enforcement. Numerous studies have documented the effectiveness of

neighborhood watch programs in reducing crime rates (Bennett, 2019;

Rosenbaum, 2019). Successful programs typically involve training sessions

for residents, regular communication with law enforcement, and the

establishment of clear guidelines for participation (Bowers & Johnson,

2019).

The initiation of neighborhood watch programs often begins with

community meetings aimed at identifying safety concerns and discussing

potential solutions. These gatherings serve as platforms for residents to

express their needs and learn about the program's goals (Meyer, 2019).

Effective leadership is crucial during this phase, as enthusiastic

coordinators can inspire participation and commitment among residents.

The presence of law enforcement officers at these meetings can further

validate the initiative, reassuring residents of the support they will receive.

Additionally, technology plays an increasingly important role in the

effectiveness of neighborhood watch programs. The use of apps and social

media platforms facilitates communication among participants and allows

for real-time reporting of suspicious activities (Perry, 2019). Many programs

now incorporate neighborhood watch apps that enable residents to share

information quickly and efficiently, creating a more connected and vigilant

community. This technological integration enhances the traditional

neighborhood watch model by providing tools that improve responsiveness

and engagement.

In summary, the literature on crime prevention underscores the

interconnectedness of various strategies and approaches. From situational

crime prevention and community resources to technology and youth

engagement, each element plays a crucial role in reducing crime rates.

When combined with the previous discussions on community engagement

initiatives, CPTED principles, effective policing strategies, social cohesion,

and community awareness, it becomes evident that a holistic approach is

essential for effective crime prevention. Continued research and

collaboration among stakeholders will enhance the development of tailored

strategies that can adapt to the unique challenges faced by communities,

especially in areas like Barangay Ong Yiu.

 Chapter III

Research Methodology

Research Design

This study employs a mixed-methods research design to investigate

the relationship between various factors and crime prevention in Barangay

Ony Yui, Butuan City. The quantitative component will utilize a stratified

random sampling method to gather data through surveys that measure

community engagement initiatives, residents' perceptions of safety, and

crime rates. Statistical analyses, including regression analysis and

correlation tests, will be conducted using software such as SPSS or R to

examine the relationships among these variables.

 In addition, the qualitative component will involve semi-structured

interviews and focus group discussions with community leaders, law

enforcement personnel, and residents, providing deeper insights into

perceptions of community engagement and policing strategies. The

qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns

and themes, enriching the quantitative findings. This mixed-methods

approach aims to provide comprehensive insights into effective crime

prevention strategies tailored to the unique needs of Barangay Ony Yiu.

Research Locale

The research will be conducted in Barangay Ong Yiu, Butuan City.

This barangay serves as a representative community for exploring crime

prevention strategies, given its unique socio-economic and cultural

dynamics. Butuan City, known for its rich history and diverse population,

presents a mix of urban and rural characteristics that influence crime rates

and community safety perceptions.

Barangay Ong Yiu specifically offers a range of community

engagement initiatives and policing strategies that can be analyzed to

assess their effectiveness in crime prevention. The area is home to various

demographics, including families, young adults, and senior citizens,

providing a comprehensive view of how different segments of the population

engage in community safety efforts. The local law enforcement presence

and existing community programs also contribute to a conducive

environment for studying the interactions between community engagement,

environmental design, and policing strategies.

By focusing on this locale, the study aims to gather insights that are

not only relevant to Barangay Ong Yui but also applicable to other similar

communities facing challenges related to crime prevention and safety.

Research Respondents

The research respondents for this study will be selected from various

segments of the population within Barangay Ong Yiu, Butuan City. The aim

is to gather diverse perspectives on crime prevention initiatives and

community safety. The respondents will include residents, community

leaders, law enforcement personnel and youth representatives. A stratified

random sample of residents from different age groups, socio-economic

backgrounds, and household sizes will be surveyed to understand their

perceptions of community engagement, safety, and crime rates. This group

will provide insights into the lived experiences of community members.

Local leaders, including barangay officials and active members of

community organizations, will be interviewed to gather information on

community engagement initiatives and their perceived effectiveness in

crime prevention. Their insights will be valuable in understanding the

strategies implemented at the community level. Officers from the local

police force will be included to discuss their strategies, challenges, and

successes in implementing effective policing within Barangay Ony Yui. Their

perspectives will help contextualize the role of law enforcement in crime

prevention efforts.

Lastly, young adults and students from the barangay will also be

included as respondents to gain insights into the engagement of youth in

community safety initiatives. Their involvement and perspectives are critical

for understanding the impact of crime prevention measures on younger

populations.

Research Instrument

The research will utilize a mixed-methods approach, incorporating

both quantitative and qualitative instruments to comprehensively gather

data on crime prevention in Barangay Ony Yui, Butuan City. Initially, a

structured survey questionnaire will be developed to collect quantitative

data from residents, consisting of several sections. First, it will include

demographic information regarding age, gender, socio-economic status, and

length of residence in the barangay.

Additionally, it will assess community engagement initiatives through

a series of Likert-scale questions designed to measure residents’ awareness,

participation, and perceptions of various programs such as neighborhood

watches and community meetings. Furthermore, the survey will explore

perceptions of safety, measuring residents’ feelings regarding their

neighborhood safety and the effectiveness of local crime prevention efforts.

Moreover, it will evaluate awareness and perceived impact of Crime

Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategies, such as

lighting and visibility, as well as assessing perceptions of policing

strategies, including local law enforcement effectiveness and community-

police interactions. To ensure clarity, reliability, and validity, the

questionnaire will be pilot-tested before full administration.

In addition to the survey, a semi-structured interview guide will

facilitate in-depth interviews with community leaders, law enforcement

personnel, and youth representatives. This guide will include open-ended

questions that encourage detailed responses on topics such as the

effectiveness of community engagement initiatives, personal experiences

related to safety and crime, and suggestions for improving existing crime

prevention strategies. This semi-structured format allows flexibility,

enabling interviewers to probe further based on respondents’ answers while

maintaining focus on key themes.

Furthermore, focus group discussions will be conducted with select

groups of residents and youth to foster dialogue and gather collective

insights. The discussion guide for these sessions will prompt participants to

address community safety concerns, engagement in crime prevention

activities, and barriers to participation, thereby facilitating an interactive

environment where participants can build on each other's responses.

Ultimately, data collection will occur in two phases: first, by

administering the survey questionnaire to residents, followed by interviews

and focus group discussions with selected respondents. By utilizing these

diverse instruments, the study aims to gather robust data that can provide

valuable insights into crime prevention strategies and community dynamics

in Barangay Ong Yiu.

Ethical Standard

This study will adhere to rigorous ethical standards to ensure the

integrity of the research process and the protection of all participants

involved. First and foremost, informed consent will be obtained from all

respondents prior to participation. Participants will be provided with clear

and comprehensive information regarding the study's purpose, procedures,

potential risks, and benefits, allowing them to make an informed decision

about their involvement.

Furthermore, confidentiality and anonymity will be paramount

throughout the research. Personal identifiers will be removed from all data,

and responses will be aggregated to protect individual identities. Data will

be securely stored and accessible only to authorized research personnel to

prevent unauthorized access.

 Additionally, participants will have the right to withdraw from the

study at any time without any negative consequences. This ensures that

their participation is voluntary and respects their autonomy. Researchers

will also be sensitive to the cultural and social context of Barangay Ong Yiu,

ensuring that the study is conducted in a respectful manner that aligns with

local customs and practices.

Moreover, ethical approval will be sought from relevant institutional

review boards or ethics committees prior to commencing the research. This

step ensures that the study design meets ethical guidelines and protects the

welfare of participants.

Finally, the research findings will be disseminated responsibly,

ensuring that results are reported accurately and without

misrepresentation. In conclusion, these ethical standards will guide the

study to ensure that it is conducted with integrity, respect, and

accountability, ultimately contributing to the advancement of knowledge in

crime prevention while safeguarding the rights of participants.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering procedure for this study will be conducted in a

systematic and organized manner to ensure the collection of reliable and

valid information regarding crime prevention in Barangay Ong Yiu, Butuan

City.
 Initially, the research team will seek approval from the Barangay

Captain, Chief of Butuan City Police Station, Purok President and Officers.

Once approval is secured, a preparatory phase will involve designing the

survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide, ensuring clarity

and relevance. Pilot testing of these instruments will be conducted with a

small group of residents to refine questions based on feedback.

Following the pilot phase, the primary data collection will commence

in two stages. First, the structured survey will be administered to a

stratified random sample of residents in Barangay Ong Yiu. The researchers

will conduct face-to-face surveys to facilitate engagement and clarify any

questions that participants may have. This approach will help ensure high

response rates and accurate data collection. During this stage, participants

will be informed about the study’s purpose and provided with assurances of

confidentiality and voluntary participation, in line with ethical standards.

Simultaneously, qualitative data will be gathered through semi-

structured interviews and focus group discussions. Community leaders, law

enforcement personnel, and youth representatives will be selected based on

their roles and insights regarding crime prevention. Interviews will be

scheduled at convenient times for participants to promote openness and

encourage candid responses. Focus group discussions will also be

organized, bringing together groups of residents to facilitate dialogue

around community safety concerns and crime prevention initiatives.

 After data collection, quantitative data from the surveys will be coded

and analyzed using statistical software like SPSS or R, while qualitative

data from interviews and focus groups will undergo thematic analysis to

identify key patterns and insights. Throughout the entire data gathering

process, the research team will continuously monitor adherence to ethical

standards, ensuring that participants feel respected and valued.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical treatment of this study will be conducted to analyze and

interpret the data collected from both the quantitative surveys and the

qualitative interviews and focus groups. The analysis will involve several

key components.

Descriptive Statistics. Initially, descriptive statistics will be used to

summarize and describe the basic features of the survey data. This will

include calculating measures such as means, medians, modes, standard

deviations, and frequency distributions for demographic variables,

community engagement initiatives, perceptions of safety, and crime rates.

These statistics will provide a clear overview of the respondents’

characteristics and general trends within the data.

Inferential Statistics. To test the hypotheses and examine the

relationships between variables, inferential statistical methods will be

applied. Specifically, the following analyses will be conducted.

Regression Analysis. Multiple regression analysis will be used to assess

the impact of community engagement initiatives, CPTED principles, and

policing strategies on crime rates and residents’ perceptions of safety. This

will allow for the identification of significant predictors and the strength of

their relationships.

Correlation Analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients will be calculated

to evaluate the strength and direction of relationships between continuous

variables, such as community engagement and crime rates, as well as safety

perceptions and CPTED implementation.

Qualitative Data Analysis. Qualitative data collected from interviews and

focus groups will be analyzed using thematic analysis. Key themes and

patterns will be identified through a systematic coding process. This

qualitative analysis will complement the quantitative findings by providing

deeper insights into the context and lived experiences of residents

regarding crime prevention strategies.

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Researchers Made Instrument

“CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN BARANGAY ONG YIU

BUTUAN CITY”

Instructions: Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement

by checking the box with the number that corresponds to your response.

The scale is as follows:

Part 1: Demographic Information

1. Age:
 o Under 18

o 18-25

o 26-35

o 36-45

o 46-55

o 56 and above
2. Gender:

o Male

o Female

o Other

o Prefer not to say

3. Educational Attainment:

o No formal education

o Primary education

o Secondary education

o College degree

o Graduate degree
4. Length of Residency in Barangay Ong Yiu:

o Less than 1 year

o 1-5 years

o 6-10 years

o More than 10 years

Part II. Use the scale below

Numerical Scale Numerical Description

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Neutral

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

Statement 5 4 3 2 1

Community Engagement Initiatives

1. I actively participate in community

meetings focused on crime prevention.
2. I feel that my participation in community
engagement initiatives makes a
difference in crime prevention.
3. I feel that neighborhood watch programs
in my community are effective.
4. I believe that my involvement in local
initiatives enhances community safety.
5. I have noticed an increase in
collaboration between residents and local
law enforcement.
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Principles

(CPTED)

6. I believe that improved street lighting has

made my neighborhood safer.
7. I notice that open spaces and parks in my
area enhance community safety.
8. I feel that the layout of my neighborhood
helps deter crime.
 9. I believe that natural surveillance
opportunities (e.g., visibility) positively
impact my sense of safety.
10. I see a connection between neighborhood
design and crime rates in my community.
Social Cohesion and Community Awareness

11. I feel connected to my neighbors and

believe we support one another.
12. I am aware of crime prevention resources
available in my community.
13. I actively participate in community events
that promote safety and crime
prevention.
14. I believe that community awareness
programs help reduce crime.
15. I feel that social cohesion among
residents contributes to a safer
environment.

Part III. Please provide detailed responses to the following questions. Your

feedback will help us gain deeper insights into crime prevention strategies

in your community.

1. In your opinion, what are the most significant crime issues facing
Barangay Ony Yiu?

Response:

2. What specific community engagement initiatives have you found to be

the most effective in reducing crime?

Response:

3. How do you think Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

(CPTED) principles can be better implemented in your neighborhood?

Response:
4. Can you share any personal experiences that illustrate the impact of
community cohesion on crime prevention in your area?

Response:

5. What additional measures do you believe could be taken to improve

safety and reduce crime in Barangay Ony Yui?

Response: