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The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
The Roman Empire is one of the most influential civilizations in world history, spanning three continents at its height. Its rise began in the 8th century BCE, as Rome evolved from a small city-state to a republic. Through conquest, diplomacy, and sheer military power, it gradually expanded its borders, eventually encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to Mesopotamia.
The Roman Empire reached its peak under emperors like Augustus (27 BCE - 14 CE), who established the Pax Romana—a period of relative peace and prosperity. However, as time went on, the empire faced challenges: political instability, economic troubles, and invasions by barbarian tribes like the Visigoths and Vandals.
In 476 CE, the western half of the empire officially fell, while the eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire, continued for nearly another 1,000 years. The legacy of Rome endures in architecture, law, language, and even in the way modern governments operate today.
