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    Rotational Motion - Torque and Statics

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    Barnil

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    Rotational Motion - Torque and Statics

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    Barnil
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    3 views73 pages

    Rotational Motion - Torque and Statics

    Uploaded by

    Barnil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 73

    ROTATIONAL MOTION

    RIGID BODY:
    A rigid body is defined as a system of particles in which distance between each pair of
    particles remains constant (with respect to time). Remember, rigid body is a mathematical
    concept and any system which satisfies the above condition is said to be rigid as long as it
    satisfies it.

    If a system is rigid, since there is no change in the distance between any pair of particles
    of the system, shape and size of system remains constant.
    We can categorize the types of motion which we will study in this chapter into the following
    types:

    1. Pure translational motion.


    2. Pure rotation (rotation about fixed axis)
    3. General plane motion (combination of translation and rotation)
    Pure translational motion:

    A motion is said to be a translation if any straight


    line drawn on the body keeps the same direction
    during the motion.

    It may also be observed that in a translation all


    the particles forming the body move along parallel
    paths.

    If these paths are straight lines, the motion is said


    to be a rectilinear translation as shown in the
    figure 1; if the paths are curved lines, the motion
    is a curvilinear translation as shown in the figure 2.
    When a rigid slab is in translation, all the points of the slab have the same velocity and the same acceleration at any given
    instant (Fig. b and c).

    In the case of curvilinear translation, the velocity and acceleration change in direction as well as in magnitude at every instant.

    In the case of rectilinear translation, all particles of the slab move along parallel straight lines, and their velocity and
    acceleration keep the same direction during the entire motion.
    Pure rotational motion (Rotation about fixed axis):
    Figure shows a rigid body of arbitrary shape in rotation about a fixed line. This fixed
    line is called axis of rotation and pure rotation is also called rotation about fixed axis.

    In this type of motion different particles move in different circles, the planes of all
    these circles are parallel to each other, and the radii depend on the distance of the
    particles from the axis.

    The particles on the axis remain stationary, those close to this line move on smaller
    circles and those far away from this line move in larger circles. However, each
    particle takes equal time to complete its circle.

    For example, consider the door of your almirah.

    Sometimes the axis may not pass through the body. Example, person on merry go round.
    Pure rotation should not be confused with certain types of curvilinear translation. For example, the plate shown in (Fig. a) is in
    curvilinear translation, with all its particles moving along parallel circles, while the plate shown in (Fig. b) is in rotation, with all
    its particles moving along concentric circles.
    KINEMATICS OF RIGID BODY ROTATING ABOUT A FIXED AXIS
    NOTE:
    Ex:
    Ex:
    Ex:
    Ex:
    TORQUE:
    Torque of gravity on a rigid body about any axis:

    To find the torque of gravity, assume entire gravitational force to be acting at the
    center of mass of body.
    RIGID BODIES IN STATIC EQUILIBRIUM:
    TOPPLING (rotation of a body about one of its points):
    Suppose a force F is applied a height b above the base AE of the block. Further,
    suppose the friction f is sufficient to prevent sliding.

    In this case, if the normal reaction N also passes through C, then despite the
    fact that the block is in translational equilibrium (F=f and N=mg), an unbalanced
    torque (due to the couple of forces F and f) is there. This torque has tendency
    to topple the block about point E.

    To cancel the effect of this unbalanced torque the normal reaction N is shifted
    towards right a distance ‘a’ such that, net anticlockwise torque is equal to the
    net clockwise torque or or
    GREATEST
    Ex: Conditon of toppling of a vehicle on circular tracks:
    To find torque of psuedo force about any
    point on a body, we can consider the pseudo
    force to pass through the center of mass
    of the body.
    The rod moves as shown. Find its angular velocity.

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