Oral Communication

Oral Communication
(Reviewer)
The Principles of Speech Writing

Speech Writing Process
- Is the art of using proper grammar and expression to convey a thought or a message to
a reader.
Conducting an audience analysis

- Is a process used to identify and understand the priority or influencing audiences for a
strategy.
➢ DEMOGRAPHY
• Age range
• Male-female ratio
• Educational Background
• Nationality
• Economic status
• Academic or corporate analysis
➢ SITUATION
• Time
• Venue
• Occasion
• Size
➢ PSYCHOLOGY
• Values
• Beliefs
• Attitude
• Preferences
• Cultural and racial ideologies
Determining the purpose of the speech

✓ Informative Speech
- Provides the attitude with the clear understanding of the concept or idea presented by
the speaker.
✓ Entertainment Speech
- Provides the audience with amusement.
✓ Persuasive Speech
- Provides the audience with well-argued ideas that can influence their own beliefs and
decisions.
o Selecting topic
- Choose a topic which you’re interested in.
o Narrowing down a topic

- Making your main idea more specific.
o Gathering data
- Collecting ideas, information, resources, and references relevant and related to the
topic.
WRITING PATTERNS
➢ Biographical
- Presents descriptions of the idea of the person.
➢ Categorical/Topical
- Presents related categories supporting the topic.
➢ Casual
- Presents cause-effect relationship
➢ Chronological
- Present the idea in time order.
➢ Comparison/Contrast
- Present comparison/contrast of two or three points.
➢ Problem-solution
- Presents an identified problem its cause and recommended solutions.
PREPARING AN OUTLINE
➢ Outline – a hierarchical list that shows the relationship of your ideas.
A. Introduction
B. Body
C. Conclusion
A. Introduction
- Foundation of the speech
- Here. The goal is to get the attention of the audience and present the subject or main
idea of your speech.
B. Body
- Provides explanations, examples, or any details that can help you deliver your purpose
and explain the main idea of your speech.
C. Conclusion
- Restate of the main idea of the speech.
- Provides a summary, emphasizes the message, and calls for action.
- Aims to leave the audience with a memorable statement.
EDITING/REVISING
- Involves correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation, capitalization,
unity, coherence, and others.
Six Power Principles for Speech Editing
• According to Andrew Dlugan (2013)

(1) Edit for Focus
(2) Edit for Clarity
(3) Edit for Conclusion
(4) Edit for Continuity
(5) Edit for Variety
(6) Edit for Impact and Beauty
Edit for Focus

- Ensure that everything you have written, from introduction to conclusion, is related to
your central message.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the message of the speech?”
Edit for Clarity

- Make all your ideas in your speech clear by arranging them in logical order.
“I don’t understand the message because the example of supporting details were
confusing.”
Edit for Conclusion

- Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating unrelated stories and
sentences and by using simple words.
“The speech was all over the place: the speaker kept talking endlessly as if no one
listening to him/her.”
Edit for Impact and Beauty

- Make your speech memorable by using these strategies:
✓ Surprise the audience
✓ Used vivid description images
✓ Write well-crafted and memorable lines
✓ Used Figures of Speech
Edit for Variety

- Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style from formal to conversational and
vice versa, moving around the stage, or adding humor.
Rehearsing
➢ It gives you an opportunity to identify what works and what does not work for you
and for your target audience.
Some Strategies
▪ Reading your speech aloud

▪ Recording of your own analysis or for your peers or coaches to give feedback on your
delivery.
The best thing to Remember at this Stage:
▪ Constant practices make perfect.
Some Guidelines in speech writing:
1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by audience, not
read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse your audience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I”, but take care not to
overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your audience, use the
personal pronoun “We”.
4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal conversational tone
of your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and nonverbal
cues
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to be effectively convey your point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.

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Oral Communication

The Principles of Speech Writing

Conducting an audience analysis

Determining the purpose of the speech

o Narrowing down a topic

Six Power Principles for Speech Editing

• According to Andrew Dlugan (2013)

Edit for Focus

Edit for Clarity

Edit for Conclusion

Edit for Impact and Beauty

Edit for Variety

▪ Reading your speech aloud

The best thing to Remember at this Stage:

▪ Constant practices make perfect.

Some Guidelines in speech writing:

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