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Sts Tangena Ayaw Ko Na

Science, technology and society

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20 views8 pages

Sts Tangena Ayaw Ko Na

Science, technology and society

Uploaded by

kinemeeme806
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEDICINE

* William Thomas Green Morton (born August 9, 1819, Charlton, Massachusetts, U.S.—died July 15,
1868, New York, New York) was an American dental surgeon who in 1846 gave the first successful public
demonstration of ether anesthesia during surgery.

* In 1928, at St. Mary's Hospital, London, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. This discovery led to
the introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection. Howard W.
Florey, at the University of Oxford working with Ernst B. Chain, Norman G. Heatley and Edward P.
Abraham, successfully took penicillin from the laboratory to the clinic as a medical treatment in 1941.
The large-scale development of penicillin was undertaken in the United States of America during the
1939-1945 World War

* Nicolas C. Paulescu
By 1916, Paulescu reportedly had isolated the substance, which he called “pancrein” (or “pancreine”;
now considered to have been insulin). (Paulescu reported the discovery himself in a 1921 paper.) After
injecting the extract into the jugular veins of diabetic dogs, he found that the dogs’ abnormally high
blood glucose levels were temporarily returned to normal. Shortly after completing the experiments, he
was called to service in the Romanian army.
* Birth Control Patch (2002)
The birth control patch, a revolutionary contraceptive device, was invented by Ortho-McNeil
Pharmaceutical. It offers a convenient and effective way to prevent pregnancy, providing a viable
alternative to daily pills or other methods requiring frequent administration. The birth control patch,
typically worn on the upper arm, lower abdomen, or buttocks, delivers a steady dose of estrogen and
progestin, the same hormones found in combination birth control pills, through the skin into the
bloodstream. The birth control patch has revolutionized contraceptive options, offering a convenient and
effective method for many individuals.

* Reproductive Technology
The history of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) dates back as early as the 1890’s when Walter Heape, a
professor at the University of Cambridge, UK, reported the first known case of embryo transplantation in
rabbits. In 1932, Aldous Huxley described the technique of IVF in his science fiction novel "Brave New
World". In 1934, Gregory Pincus mixed rabbit’s eggs and sperm in the glass top of his watch and
implanted the developing embryo in a surrogate rabbit. Fourteen years later, in 1948, Miriam Menken
and John Rock retrieved more than 800 oocytes from women. However, it was not until 1959 that Min
Chueh Chang, a young Chinese reproductive investigator, obtained indubitable evidence of in vitro
fertilization by achieving live births for the first time from a white rabbit by using eggs and sperm from
black ones.
The first human IVF pregnancy was in 1973 reported by professors Carl Wood and John Leeton in
Melbourne, Australia. Unfortunately, it ended in an early embryo death (less than one week). In 1976,
Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards published a report on an ectopic pregnancy following a transfer of a
human embryo at its late morula stage.
TECHNOLOGY

* TELEVISION (1926, John Logie Baird)


Created in 1926 by John Logie Baird, the television was one of the first inventions to affect the lives of
masses all over the world, and to this day still remains the most popular ways of getting information.
Broadcasting both news and entertainment, the television created entirely new industries
impacting culture to such an extent that it influenced the way people think about important social issues
such as race, gender, and class.

* 1968 – Sword of Damocles


Sutherland, with his student Bob Sproull, created the first virtual reality HMD, named The Sword of
Damocles. This head-mount connected to a computer rather than a camera and was quite primitive as it
could only show simple virtual wire-frame shapes.
These 3D models changed perspective when the user moved their head due to the tracking system. It
was never developed beyond a lab project because it was too heavy for users to comfortably wear; they
had to be strapped in because it was suspended from the ceiling.
The users could see their computer-generated silhouettes imitating their own movements and actions –
the users’ movements were recorded on camera and transferred onto the silhouette. Also, users in
different rooms could interact with other users’ silhouettes in the same virtual world. This encouraged
the idea that people could communicate within a virtual world even if they weren’t physically close.
* Telephone - 1876 The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Scotish born Bell was
a teacher for the deaf at Boston University. In researching ways to teach the deaf, he experimented with
transmitting sound via electricity. Teaching by day, he spent many hours of his spare time, developing a
form of telephone. He applied for a form of patent on March 7, 1876. Within five years, private
telephone exchanges were in place in most US cities. It was an invention that caught on very quickly.

* Lightbulb - 1879 Throughout the nineteenth century, inventors produced simple electric lights. For
example, Joseph Swan produced a simple electric light, but, he struggled to maintain a power source and
the filament soon burned out when the vacuum was exhausted. It was Thomas Edison who made the
lightbulb into a practical low current version. He used a filament based on a burned sewing thread

* October, 1957: Soviets launch first ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE into Earth orbit
Fifty years ago, on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first man-made satellite,
shocking the American public and beginning the Space Age.
People had been dreaming of space travel for some time before the launch of Sputnik. In 1903 Russian
rocket scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky showed mathematically that an artificial satellite was feasible,
though the US paid little attention to his work. Rocketry developed over the next several decades, and
the idea of spaceflight captured the public’s imagination.
TRANSPORTATION

* ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANE (December 17,1903)


Wilbur and Orville Wright spent four years of research and development to create the first successful
powered airplane, the 1903 Wright Flyer. It first flew at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17,
1903, with Orville at the controls.The invention of the airplane by Wilbur and Orville Wright is one of the
great stories in American history. The Wright brothers invented the first engine-powered airplane
because they were passionate about flying and wanted to achieve the dream of human flight and also
The Wright brothers’ invention not only solved a long-studied technical problem, but helped create an
entirely new world.They were inspired by the idea of conquering the skies and pushing the boundaries of
what was possible. Their dedication, innovation, and hard work led to the successful creation of the first
airplane, marking a significant milestone in the history of aviation.

* Pneumatic Tyre - 1888


Invented by John Boyd Dunlop; it was developed as a way to make tricycle riding more comfortable. His
first attempt involved using an old garden hose fitted with air. He later developed this idea using a rubber
pneumatic tyre and filed for a patent in 1888. It was later used on both bikes and motor cars.

* Motor Carriage-1895
Beginning development in 1895, by 1898 the German. engineer Karl Benz produced the first modern
automobile using a patented internal combustion engine. The car used electrical ignition, water-cooled
internal combustion engine and different gears.
* Bicycle 1885
Velocipedes were invented early in the nineteenth century. The most popular at the time was the Penny
Farthing, with its huge big wheel. But, the big advancement in bike technology came with the
introduction of a chain to link. pedals to back wheel. This enabled a higher speed without relying on a
huge wheel. The key model in the chain bike was the Rover Safety bike developed by John Kemp Starley.
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

* The Eiffel Tower (1889)


Designed by Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower was a marvel of engineering and symbolized the
technological advances of the era. The Eiffel Tower is an iconic wrought-iron lattice tower located on the
Champ de Mars in Paris, France. Standing at 324 meters (1,083 feet) tall, it was the tallest man-made
structure in the world until the completion of the Chrysler Building in New York in 1930.

* The Suez Canal (1869)


Was primarily engineered by Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French diplomat, who oversaw its construction.
The canal was officially opened in 1869, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, creating a
direct maritime route between Europe and Asia. It is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt that runs
through the Isthmus of Suez. It allows ships to travel between Europe and Asia without having to
navigate around Africa via the Cape of Good Hope, significantly reducing the length of voyages for
maritime trade.
* 1931
The Home Insurance Building was a skyscraper that stood in Chicago from 1885 to its demolition in 1931.
Originally ten stories and 138 ft (42.1 m) tall, it was designed by William Le Baron Jenney in 1884 and
completed the next year. Two floors were added in 1891, bringing its now finished height to 180 feet
(54.9 meters). It was the first tall building to be supported both inside and outside by a fireproof
structural steel frame, though it also included reinforced concrete. It is considered the world's first
skyscraper.

* 1853
The Elevator – With the invention of reinforced concrete and skyscrapers, the need for the elevator
cannot be understated. Although lifts existed in ancient time in Rome, manually operated by ropes, they
were unstable and unsafe. The first elevator was successfully brought into being by Elisha Otis in New
York in the year 1853 paving way for architects engineer buildings of greater heights. This revolutionized
architecture and the way modern buildings were constructed.

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