Renal PT 2

NUR 102: Nutrition And Diet Therapy-
Laboratory)
STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / SECOND YEAR
Session # 20
LESSON TITLE: DIETS FOR RENAL DISEASES
(PART 2) Materials:
Book, pen, notebook, and PowerPoint
LEARNING OUTCOMES: presentation
Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student References:

can: Laboratory Manual For Allied Health:
Maria Lourdes Cruz-Caudal (2019) Basic
1. Discuss the different renal diseases. Nutrition and Diet Therapy 2nd C&E
2. Identify food allowed in the diet of an individual Publishing, Inc.
suffering from renal diseases;
3. Plan meals for patients suffering from different https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-informat
renal diseases; and ion/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-diseas
4. Prepare meals for patients suffering from e-ckd/eating-nutrition
different renal diseases.
MAIN LESSON (15 minutes)
Eating Right for Chronic Kidney Disease
The steps below will help you eat right as you manage your kidney disease. The first three steps
(1-3) are important for all people with kidney disease. The last two steps (4-5) may become
important as your kidney function goes down.
The first steps to eating right
Step 1: Choose and prepare foods with less salt and sodium
Why? To help control your blood pressure. Your diet should contain less than 2,300 milligrams
of sodium each day. ∙ Buy fresh food often. Sodium (a part of salt) is added to many
prepared or packaged foods you buy at the supermarket or at restaurants.
∙ Cook foods from scratch instead of eating prepared foods, “fast” foods, frozen dinners, and
canned foods that are higher in sodium. When you prepare your own food, you control what
goes into it.
∙ Use spices, herbs, and sodium-free seasonings in place of salt.
∙ Check for sodium on the Nutrition Facts label of food packages. A Daily Value of 20 percent
or more means the food is high in sodium.
∙ Try lower-sodium versions of frozen dinners and other convenience foods.

∙ Rinse canned vegetables, beans, meats, and fish with water before eating.
Look for food labels with words like sodium free or salt free; or low, reduced, or no salt or sodium;
or unsalted or lightly salted.
Look for sodium on the food label. A food label showing a Percent
Daily Value of 5% or
less is low sodium. Also look for the amount of saturated and
trans fats listed on the label.
Step 2: Eat the right amount and the right types of protein
Why?
To help protect your kidneys. When your body uses protein, it produces waste. Your kidneys remove
this waste. Eating more protein than you need may make your kidneys work harder.
∙ Eat small portions of protein foods.
∙ Protein is found in foods from plants and animals. Most people eat both types of protein. Talk to
your dietitian about how to choose the right combination of protein foods for you.
Animal-protein foods:
∙ Chicken ∙ Fish ∙ Meat ∙ Eggs ∙ Dairy
A cooked portion of chicken, fish, or meat is about 2 to 3 ounces or about the size of a deck of cards. A
portion of dairy foods is ½ cup of milk or yogurt, or one slice of cheese.
Plant-protein foods:
∙ Beans
∙ Nuts
∙ Grains
A portion of cooked beans is about ½ cup, and a portion of nuts is ¼ cup. A portion of bread is a
single slice, and a portion of cooked rice or cooked noodles is ½ cup.
Step 3: Choose foods that are healthy for your heart
Why? To help keep fat from building up in your blood vessels, heart, and kidneys.
∙ Grill, broil, bake, roast, or stir-fry foods, instead of deep frying.
∙ Cook with nonstick cooking spray or a small amount of olive oil instead of butter.
∙ Trim fat from meat and remove skin from poultry before eating.
∙ Try to limit saturated and trans fats. Read the food label.
Heart-healthy foods
Lean cuts of meat, such as loin or round ∙ Poultry without the skin ∙ Fish ∙ Beans . Vegetables ∙
Fruits ∙ Low-fat or fat-free milk, yogurt, and cheese
LIMIT ALCOHOL INTAKE

Drink alcohol only in moderation: no more than one drink per day if you are a woman, and no
more than two if you are a man. Drinking too much alcohol can damage the liver, heart, and
brain and cause serious health problems. Ask your health care provider how much alcohol you
can drink safely.
The next steps to eating right
As your kidney function goes down, you may need to eat foods with less phosphorus and
potassium. Your health care provider will use lab tests to check phosphorus and potassium
levels in your blood, and you can work with your dietitian to adjust your meal plan. More
information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney
Disease.
Step 4: Choose foods and drinks with less phosphorus
Why? To help protect your bones and blood vessels. When you have CKD, phosphorus can
build up in your blood. Too much phosphorus in your blood pulls calcium from your bones,
making your bones thin, weak, and more likely to break. High levels of phosphorus in your
blood can also cause itchy skin, and bone and joint pain.
∙ Many packaged foods have added phosphorus. Look for phosphorus—or for words with
“PHOS”—on ingredient labels.
∙ Deli meats and some fresh meat and poultry can have added phosphorus. Ask the butcher
to help you pick fresh meats without added phosphorus.
Foods Lower in Foods Higher in
Phosphorus ∙ Fresh fruits Phosphorus ∙ Meat,
and vegetables ∙ Breads, poultry, fish
pasta, rice ∙ Bran cereals and
∙ Rice milk (not oatmeal ∙ Dairy foods
enriched) ∙ Corn and ∙ Beans, lentils, nuts
rice cereals ∙ Light-colored sodas/pop,
such as lemon-lime or
homemade iced tea
∙ Dark-colored sodas/pop, fruit
punch, some bottled or
canned iced teas that have
added phosphorus
Your health care provider may talk to you about taking a phosphate binder with meals to lower the
amount of phosphorus in your blood. A phosphate binder is a medicine that acts like a sponge to
soak up, or bind, phosphorus while it is in the stomach. Because it is bound, the phosphorus does not
get into your blood. Instead, your body removes the phosphorus through your stool.
Step 5: Choose foods with the right amount of potassium
Why? To help your nerves and muscles work the right way. Problems can occur when blood
potassium levels are too high or too low. Damaged kidneys allow potassium to build up in your blood,
which can cause serious heart problems. Your food and drink choices can help you lower your
potassium level, if needed.
∙ Salt substitutes can be very high in potassium. Read the ingredient label. Check with your
provider about using salt substitutes.
∙ Drain canned fruits and vegetables before eating.
Foods Lower in Potassium ∙ Foods Higher in Potassium

Apples, peaches
∙ Carrots, green beans ∙ White ∙ Oranges, bananas, and
bread and pasta ∙ White rice orange juice ∙ Potatoes,
∙ Rice milk (not enriched) tomatoes
∙ Brown and wild rice
∙ Bran cereals
∙ Dairy foods
∙ Cooked rice and wheat
cereals, grits
∙ Apple, grape, or cranberry
juice
∙ Whole-wheat bread and pasta
∙ Beans and nuts.

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NUR 102: Nutrition And Diet Therapy-

Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student References:

MAIN LESSON (15 minutes)

Eating Right for Chronic Kidney Disease

The first steps to eating right

∙ Use spices, herbs, and sodium-free seasonings in place of salt.

∙ Try lower-sodium versions of frozen dinners and other convenience foods.

∙ Eat small portions of protein foods.

LIMIT ALCOHOL INTAKE

The next steps to eating right

Step 4: Choose foods and drinks with less phosphorus

Step 5: Choose foods with the right amount of potassium

∙ Drain canned fruits and vegetables before eating.

Foods Lower in Potassium ∙ Foods Higher in Potassium

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