Physics Project

BHAVAN’S BHAGWANDAS PUROHIT VIDYA
MANDIR TRIMURTI NAGAR, NAGPUR
PROJECT WORK IN PHYSICS

SESSION-2024-25
CONVERTING GIVEN GALVANOMETER INTO A VOLTMETER
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SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MRS. ASMITA DESHPANDE MAST. SANSAKR INGOLE
1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mast. SANSKAR INGOLE of
class XI has successfully completed a project in
PHYSICS on TOPIC OF CONVERTING GIVEN
GALVANOMETER INTO A VOLTMETER as a part of
the CBSE syllabus in the academic session 2024-25
Project Mentor Principal Examiner
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMT
I am thankful to our Principal Smt. Parwati G. Iyer and
the School Management Committee for
providing me an opportunity to work on this project in
PHYSICS on CONVERTING GIVEN GALVANOMETER INTO
A VOLTMETER.
It is a matter of pride and pleasure to express my
indebtedness and warm gratitude to the faculty of
SCIENCE for their keen interest, unceasing assistance
and constructive criticism at every stage of this project
work.
I am also thankful to the CBSE for including the project
work in PHYSICS syllabus.
NAME: MAST. SANSKAR INGOLE

CLASS: XII-A
ROLL NO: 1117 A
3
PHYSIC
S
CONVERTING GIVEN GALVANOMETER
INTO A VOLTMETER
4
CONTENTS
SR NO. TITLE OF WORK PAGE NO.
1 CERTIFICATE 2
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
3 AIM 7
4 APPARATUS 7
5 INTRODUCTION 7-8
6 THEORY 8
7 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 9
8 PROCEDURE 10
9 CALCULATIONS 11
5
10 VERIFICATION/ 12
OBSERVATION
11 RESULT 13
12 PRECAUTIONS 13-14
13 BIBLIOGRAPHY 14
AIM
6
To convert the given galvanometer (of known
resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of
desired range and to verify the same.
APPARATUS
A Weston type galvanometer, a voltmeter 0-3V, a
battery of two cells or battery eliminator, two
(10,000ohm and 20,000ohm) resistance boxes, two
one-way keys, a rheostat, connecting wires and
sandpaper.
INTRODUCTION
A galvanometer is an ideal device that is capable of
detecting even the weakest electric currents in an
electric circuit. It features a coil suspended or
pivoted between concave pole faces of a strong
laminated horseshoe magnet. The galvanometer
shows the deflection when an electric current is
7
passed through the coil. The deflection is directly
proportional to the current passed. A voltmeter is an
instrument used for estimating the electrical
potential difference between 2 points in an electric
circuit.
THEORY
Series resistance required for conversion
Where, V-range of conversion
8
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
9
PROCEDURE
1. Calculate the value of series resistance R to be
connected in series with the galvanometer for the
given range V (say 3 volts).
2. Connect a resistance box in series with the
galvanometer and take out the plugs of resistance
R. Now, the given galvanometer is ready for use as
a voltmeter of range V volts.
3. For verification make the connections as shown in
the circuit diagram. Here AB is a rheostat being as
a potential divider. A and B are the fixed terminals
and C is the variable terminal of the rheostat.
4. Take out the plugs of calculated resistance R from
the resistance box. Insert the key and adjust the
movable contact of the rheostat so that deflection
in the galvanometer becomes maximum.
5. Note the readings of voltmeter and galvanometer.
Convert the galvanometer reading into volts.
10
6. Find the difference, if any, between the readings of
voltmeter and galvanometer. The difference gives
the error.
7. Move the variable contact C of the rheostat and
take at least five observations covering the whole
range of the voltmeter i.e., 0—3 volts.
8. Record your observations.
CALCULATIONS
 The resistance of the given galvanometer G =
 The figure of merit k =
 Number of divisions in galvanometer scale n =
 Current for full scale deflection = Ig = nk =
 Range of conversion =
 Resistance to be placed in series with
galvanometer R=V/Ig-G =
11
VERIFICATION
The Least count of galvanometer converted into
voltmeter = V/n =
Serial No. Reading of converted galvanometer into Standard Difference (Error)

Of Obs. voltmeter voltmeter reading
V2 V2 – V1
(V)
(V)
Deflection P.D. in volts
Θ V1= Θ x L.C.
(4)
(V) (V)
(3)
(1)
(2a) (2b)
12
RESULT
As the difference in actual and measured value of
potential difference (as recorded, in column 4) LS very
small, the conversion is perfect.
PRECAUTIONS
1. All the connections should be neat, clean and tight.
2. The e.m.f. of the cell or battery should be constant.
3. the ammeter used for verification should preferably
be of the game range, as the range of conversion.
4. The diameter of the wire to be used for shunt
resistance, should be measured accurately.
5. Length of shunt wire used should be neither too
small nor too large.
6. The resistance box should be a high resistance one.
13
7. The voltmeter used for verification should
preferably be of the same range, as the range of
conversion.
8. Value of required series resistance should be
calculated accurately.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Class 12th COMPREHENSIVE LAB MANUAL
experiment no. 5A
14
15

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BHAVAN’S BHAGWANDAS PUROHIT VIDYA

MANDIR TRIMURTI NAGAR, NAGPUR

PROJECT WORK IN PHYSICS

CONVERTING GIVEN GALVANOMETER INTO A VOLTMETER

Project Mentor Principal Examiner

NAME: MAST. SANSKAR INGOLE

SR NO. TITLE OF WORK PAGE NO.

Series resistance required for conversion

Where, V-range of conversion

Serial No. Reading of converted galvanometer into Standard Difference (Error)

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