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    9th His 1

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    9th His 1

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    Abdur Razaak
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    9th his 1

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    9th His 1

    Uploaded by

    Abdur Razaak

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    Social Science (History)

    Chapter- 1 The French Revolution

    1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in


    France.

    Ans: The revolutionary protests in France were caused due to the following reasons:
    1. France and Britain had fought wars for American independence which burdened the
    French economy. Thus, the public had to pay more taxes and were frustrated.
    2. Merit was replaced by birth privileges. The people being born in privileged families were
    given more important positions due to which the commoners had little scope for growth into
    the society.
    3. Due to the birth-based privileges, the power of the society was concentrated in the hands of
    a few families which again led to discontent among the people.
    4. Due to the emergence of the middle class, the revolution could sustain as they were not
    underprivileged and raised their voice against such unjust practices instead of simply giving
    in.

    2. Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were
    forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed
    with the outcome of the revolution?

    Ans: The people from the lower class of the society benefited from the French Revolution as
    they had been opened to newer opportunities. This class had peasants, who worked on farms
    and cattle, the artisans, who used to construct several new buildings, etc. The influential
    people already, such as the nobles and the royal families, including the Church had to give up
    their power and they were disappointed with the outcome of the French Revolution.

    3. Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the
    nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

    Ans: The French Revolution can be regarded as the beginning of the Colonial and Feudal
    systems in the world. After the United States of America adopted democracy as its mode of
    government, several people in France also advocated for the same which turned out to be
    successful. Due to this, most of the European nations abolished the feudal systems and
    became more democratic. Also, these ideas were spread to the European colonies as well
    which caused them to adopt democracy as well. In short, we can say that the world practices
    democracy because the French Revolution talked about its success to the world.

    4. Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to
    the French Revolution.
    Ans: The following democratic rights originated in France during the French Revolution:
    1. Right to Equality, before law and in opportunities
    2. Right to Freedom of Speech, Expression and against Exploitation
    3. Right to Constitutional Remedies

    5. Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights was beset with
    contradictions? Explain.

    Ans: Yes, the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions because the rights
    were given only to the males in the society. The French Constitution did not give any rights to
    women. In fact, initially, the women were ignored completely. Also, not every citizen was
    entitled to vote. So, although a lot was done with good intent, a lot of improvement was left
    at that point due to which the French Constitution has been changed multiple times since the
    Revolution.
    6. How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?

    Ans: After the Republication of France after 1791, the king gave the powers to the wealthier
    section of the society which led to exploitation of people and after his death, there was no
    king and a directory used to govern. However, the members of the directory did not share
    common interests and fought with each other leading to the collapse of the system. This gave
    Napoleon Bonaparte a chance to rise as a military ruler in France

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