Linear Equations in One Variable
Linear Equations in One Variable
ID: 98eaaaec
In the equation above, a and b are constants. If the equation has infinitely many
solutions, what are the values of a and b ?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Distributing the a on the left-hand side of the equation gives 3a – b – ax = –1 – 2x.
Rearranging the terms in each side of the equation yields –ax + 3a – b = –2x –1. Since the equation has infinitely
many solutions, it follows that the coefficients of x and the free terms on both sides must be equal. That is, –a =
–2, or a = 2, and 3a – b = –1. Substituting 2 for a in the equation 3a – b = –1 gives 3(2) – b = –1, so b = 7.
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of a conceptual error when finding the value of b. Choices C and D are
incorrect and may result from making a sign error when simplifying.
ID: 673788be
A.
B.
C.
0 point 8 times 100, minus 65 u, equals 6,840
D.
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The sales price of one unit of the product is given as $100. Because the salesperson is
awarded a commission equal to 20% of the sales price, the expression 100(1 – 0.2) gives the sales price of one unit
after the commission is deducted. It is also given that the profit is equal to the sales price minus the combined
cost of making the product, or $65, and the commission: 100(1 – 0.2) – 65. Multiplying this expression by u gives
the profit of u units: (100(1 – 0.2) – 65)u. Finally, it is given that the profit for u units is $6,840; therefore (100(1 –
0.2) – 65)u = $6,840.
Choice B is incorrect. In this equation, cost is subtracted before commission and the equation gives the
commission, not what the company retains after commission. Choice C is incorrect because the number of units
is multiplied only by the cost but not by the sale price. Choice D is incorrect because the value 0.2 shows the
commission, not what the company retains after commission.
ID: 769715ea
In the given equation, and are constants and . The equation has no solution. What is the value of ?
Rationale
14
The correct answer is - 15 . A linear equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 has no solution only when the coefficients
of 𝑥 on each side of the equation are equal and the constant terms are not equal. Dividing both sides of the given
28 36 14 18
equation by 2 yields 𝑘𝑥 - 𝑛 = - 30 𝑥 - 38 , or 𝑘𝑥 - 𝑛 = - 15 𝑥 - 19 . Since it’s given that the equation has no solution, the
coefficient of 𝑥 on both sides of this equation must be equal, and the constant terms on both sides of this
18
equation must not be equal. Since < 1, and it's given that 𝑛 > 1, the second condition is true. Thus, 𝑘 must be
19
14
equal to - 15 . Note that -14/15, -.9333, and -0.933 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
ID: 03898301
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It is given that x represents the number of stations that will be set up for Experiment A and
that there will be 5 stations total, so it follows that 5 – x is the number of stations that will be set up for
Experiment B. It is also given that Experiment A requires 6 teaspoons of salt and that Experiment B requires 4
teaspoons of salt, so the total number of teaspoons of salt required is 6x + 4(5 – x), which simplifies to 2x + 20.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect and may be the result of not understanding the description of the context.
ID: 28eeb164
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no solution. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A linear equation in one variable has no solution if and only if the equation is false; that is,
when there is no value of 𝑥 that produces a true statement. It's given that in the equation -3𝑥 + 21𝑝𝑥 = 84, 𝑝 is a
constant and the equation has no solution for 𝑥. Therefore, the value of the constant 𝑝 is one that results in a
false equation. Factoring out the common factor of -3𝑥 on the left-hand side of the given equation yields
-3𝑥1 - 7𝑝 = 84. Dividing both sides of this equation by -3 yields 𝑥1 - 7𝑝 = - 28. Dividing both sides of this equation
-28
by 1 - 7𝑝 yields 𝑥 = 1 - 7𝑝 . This equation is false if and only if 1 - 7𝑝 = 0. Adding 7𝑝 to both sides of 1 - 7𝑝 = 0 yields
1 -28
1 = 7𝑝. Dividing both sides of this equation by 7 yields 7
= 𝑝. It follows that the equation 𝑥 = 1 - 7𝑝
is false if and
1 1
only if 𝑝 = 7 . Therefore, the given equation has no solution if and only if the value of 𝑝 is 7 .
ID: cf1c5e86
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
Rationale
𝑥+6 𝑥+6
Choice B is correct. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by 313, or 39, yields 39 = 39 , or
3 13
13𝑥 + 6 = 3𝑥 + 6. Subtracting 3𝑥 + 6 from both sides of this equation yields 10𝑥 + 6 = 0. Dividing both sides of this
𝑥+6 𝑥+6
equation by 10 yields 𝑥 + 6 = 0. Therefore, if 3 = 13 , then the value of 𝑥 + 6 is 0. It follows that of the given
choices, the value of 𝑥 + 6 is between -2 and 2.
ID: b6475c6c
2 times, open parenthesis, p plus 1, close parenthesis, plus, 8 times, open parenthesis, p minus 1, close parenthesis,
equals, 5 p
Rationale
ID: ba54b72d
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Subtracting 4𝑥 + 4 from both sides of the given equation yields 1𝑥 + 4 = 29, or 𝑥 + 4 = 29.
Therefore, the value of 𝑥 + 4 is 29.
ID: 1722ff6e
Hector used a tool called an auger to remove corn from a storage bin at a
constant rate. The bin contained 24,000 bushels of corn when Hector began to
use the auger. After 5 hours of using the auger, 19,350 bushels of corn remained
in the bin. If the auger continues to remove corn at this rate, what is the total
number of hours Hector will have been using the auger when 12,840 bushels of
corn remain in the bin?
A. 3
B. 7
C. 8
D. 12
Rationale
Choice D is correct. After using the auger for 5 hours, Hector had removed 24,000 – 19,350 = 4,650 bushels of corn
from the storage bin. During the 5-hour period, the auger removed corn from the bin at a constant rate of
bushels per hour. Assuming the auger continues to remove corn at this rate, after x hours it will
have removed 930x bushels of corn. Because the bin contained 24,000 bushels of corn when Hector started using
the auger, the equation 24,000 – 930x = 12,840 can be used to find the number of hours, x, Hector will have been
using the auger when 12,840 bushels of corn remain in the bin. Subtracting 12,840 from both sides of this
equation and adding 930x to both sides of the equation yields 11,160 = 930x. Dividing both sides of this equation
by 930 yields x = 12. Therefore, Hector will have been using the auger for 12 hours when 12,840 bushels of corn
remain in the storage bin.
Choice A is incorrect. Three hours after Hector began using the auger, 24,000 – 3(930) = 21,210 bushels of corn
remained, not 12,840. Choice B is incorrect. Seven hours after Hector began using the auger, 24,000 – 7(930) =
17,490 bushels of corn will remain, not 12,840. Choice C is incorrect. Eight hours after Hector began using the
auger, 24,000 – 8(930) = 16,560 bushels of corn will remain, not 12,840.
ID: 13ac475e
Clearwater
128,000 950
Lane
Driftwood
176,000 1,310
Drive
Edgemont
70,000 515
Street
Glenview
140,000 1,040
Street
Hamilton
450,000 3,365
Circle
The Townsend Realty Group invested in the five different properties listed in the
table above. The table shows the amount, in dollars, the company paid for each
property and the corresponding monthly rental price, in dollars, the company
charges for the property at each of the five locations. Townsend Realty
purchased the Glenview Street property and received a 40% discount off the
original price along with an additional 20% off the discounted price for
purchasing the property in cash. Which of the following best approximates the
original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property?
A. $350,000
B. $291,700
C. $233,300
D. $175,000
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Let x be the original price, in dollars, of the Glenview Street property. After the 40% discount,
the price of the property became dollars, and after the additional 20% off the discounted price, the
0 point 6 x
price of the property became . Thus, in terms of the original price of the property, x,
0 point 8 times 0 point 6 x
the purchase price of the property is . It follows that . Solving this
0 point 4 8 x 0 point 4 8 x equals 140,000
equation for x gives . Therefore, of the
x equals 291,666 point 6, with the 6 repeating after the decimal point
given choices, $291,700 best approximates the original price of the Glenview Street property.
Choice A is incorrect because it is the result of dividing the purchase price of the property by 0.4, as though the
purchase price were 40% of the original price. Choice C is incorrect because it is the closest to dividing the
purchase price of the property by 0.6, as though the purchase price were 60% of the original price. Choice D is
incorrect because it is the result of dividing the purchase price of the property by 0.8, as though the purchase
price were 80% of the original price.
ID: 4f8247b9
A. Exactly one
B. Exactly two
C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Applying the distributive property to each side of the given equation yields
150𝑥 - 90 = - 90 + 150𝑥. Applying the commutative property of addition to the right-hand side of this equation
yields 150𝑥 - 90 = 150𝑥 - 90. Since the two sides of the equation are equivalent, this equation is true for any value
of 𝑥. Therefore, the given equation has infinitely many solutions.
ID: 189cdafd
An agricultural scientist studying the growth of corn plants recorded the height
of a corn plant at the beginning of a study and the height of the plant each day
for the next 12 days. The scientist found that the height of the plant increased by
an average of 1.20 centimeters per day for the 12 days. If the height of the plant
on the last day of the study was 36.8 centimeters, what was the height, in
centimeters, of the corn plant at the beginning of the study?
Rationale
The correct answer is 22.4. If the height of the plant increased by an average of 1.20 centimeters per day for 12
days, then its total growth over the 12 days was centimeters. The plant was
1 point 2 0, times 12, equals 14.4
36.8 centimeters tall after 12 days, so at the beginning of the study its height was
centimeters. Note that 22.4 and 112/5 are examples of ways to
36 point 8, minus 14 point 4, equals 22 point 4
enter a correct answer.
ID: 89923583
The width of a rectangular dance floor is w feet. The length of the floor is 6 feet
longer than its width. Which of the following expresses the perimeter, in feet, of
the dance floor in terms of w ?
A.
2 w plus 6
B.
4 w plus 12
C.
w squared plus 6
D.
w squared plus 6 w
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It is given that the width of the dance floor is w feet. The length is 6 feet longer than the
width; therefore, the length of the dance floor is . So the perimeter is .
Choice A is incorrect because it is the sum of one length and one width, which is only half the perimeter. Choice
C is incorrect and may result from using the formula for the area instead of the formula for the perimeter and
making a calculation error. Choice D is incorrect because this is the area, not the perimeter, of the dance floor.
ID: c3a53452
3 times, open parenthesis, 2 x minus 6, close parenthesis, minus 11, equals, 4 times, open parenthesis, x minus 3,
close parenthesis, plus 6
A.
23 over 2
B.
17 over 2
C.
15 over 2
D.
negative, 15 over 2
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Because 2 is a factor of both and 6, the expression can be rewritten as .
Adding 11 to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields
Alternate approach: Distributing 3 to the quantity on the left-hand side of the given equation and
distributing 4 to the quantity on the right-hand side yields , or .
Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields . Adding 29 to both sides of this equation
yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields . Therefore, the value of is ,
or .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of x, not . Choices C and D are incorrect. If the value of is
or , it follows that the value of x is or , respectively. However, solving the given equation for x
yields . Therefore, the value of can’t be or .
ID: 5a70f4ea
II.
III.
A. None
B. I only
C. I and II only
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For a linear equation in a form to have no solutions, the x-terms must have
equal coefficients and the remaining terms must not be equal. Expanding the right-hand side of the given
equation yields . Inspecting the x-terms, 9 must equal a, so statement I must be true. Inspecting
the remaining terms, 5 can’t equal . Dividing both of these quantities by 9 yields that b can’t equal .
Therefore, statement III must be true. Since b can have any value other than , statement II may or may not be
true.
Choice A is incorrect. For the given equation to have no solution, both and must be true. Choice B is
incorrect because it must also be true that . Choice C is incorrect because when , there are many
values of b that lead to an equation having no solution. That is, b might be 5, but b isn’t required to be 5.
ID: b189fcfb
Megan’s regular wage at her job is p dollars per hour for the first 8 hours of work
in a day plus 1.5 times her regular hourly wage for work in excess of 8 hours that
day. On a given day, Megan worked for 10 hours, and her total earnings for that
day were $137.50. What is Megan’s regular hourly wage?
A. $11.75
B. $12.50
C. $13.25
D. $13.75
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since p represents Megan’s regular pay per hour, 1.5p represents the pay per hour in excess of
8 hours. Since Megan worked for 10 hours, she must have been paid p dollars per hour for 8 of the hours plus 1.5p
dollars per hour for the remaining 2 hours. Therefore, since Megan earned $137.50 for the 10 hours, the situation
can be represented by the equation 137.5 = 8p + 2(1.5)p. Distributing the 2 in the equation gives 137.5 = 8p + 3p, and
combining like terms gives 137.5 = 11p. Dividing both sides by 11 gives p = 12.5. Therefore, Megan’s regular wage is
$12.50.
Choices A and C are incorrect and may be the result of calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result
from finding the average hourly wage that Megan earned for the 10 hours of work.
ID: c4c0bb36
Rationale
The correct answer is 60. Subtracting 𝑡 from both sides of the given equation yields 2 ( 3𝑡 - 10 ) = 40 + 3𝑡.
Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side of this equation yields 6𝑡 - 20 = 40 + 3𝑡. Adding 20 to both
sides of this equation yields 6𝑡 = 60 + 3𝑡. Subtracting 3𝑡 from both sides of this equation yields 3𝑡 = 60.
Therefore, the value of 3𝑡 is 60.
ID: 8cd3c7c5
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no solution. What is the value of ?
Rationale
16 48
The correct answer is . It's given that the equation 3𝑘𝑥 + 13 = 𝑥 + 36 has no solution. A linear equation in the
17 17
form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, and 𝑑 are constants, has no solution only when the coefficients of 𝑥 on each
side of the equation are equal and the constant terms aren't equal. Dividing both sides of the given equation by 3
48 36 16
yields 𝑘𝑥 + 13 = 𝑥 + , or 𝑘𝑥 + 13 = 𝑥 + 12. Since the coefficients of 𝑥 on each side of the equation must be
51 3 17
16
equal, it follows that the value of 𝑘 is . Note that 16/17, .9411, .9412, and 0.941 are examples of ways to enter a
17
correct answer.
ID: 82f09c60
Alan drives an average of 100 miles each week. His car can travel an average of
25 miles per gallon of gasoline. Alan would like to reduce his weekly expenditure
on gasoline by $5. Assuming gasoline costs $4 per gallon, which equation can
Alan use to determine how many fewer average miles, m, he should drive each
week?
A.
the fraction 25 over 4, end fraction, times m, equals, 95
B.
the fraction 25 over 4, end fraction, times m, equals, 5
C.
the fraction 4 over 25, end fraction, times m, equals, 95
D.
the fraction 4 over 25, end fraction, times m, equals, 5
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since gasoline costs $4 per gallon, and since Alan’s car travels an average of 25 miles per
gallon, the expression gives the cost, in dollars per mile, to drive the car. Multiplying by m gives the
cost for Alan to drive m miles in his car. Alan wants to reduce his weekly spending by $5, so setting m equal
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choices A and B transpose the numerator and the denominator in the fraction.
The fraction would result in the unit miles per dollar, but the question requires a unit of dollars per mile.
Choices A and C set the expression equal to 95 instead of 5, a mistake that may result from a misconception that
Alan wants to reduce his driving by 5 miles each week; instead, the question says he wants to reduce his weekly
expenditure by $5.
ID: d40dfe58
Each side of a -sided polygon has one of three lengths. The number of sides with length is
times the number of sides with length . There are sides with length . Which equation must be true for the
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It’s given that each side of a 30-sided polygon has one of three lengths. It's also given that the
number of sides with length 8 centimeters cm is 5 times the number of sides 𝑛 with length 3 cm. Therefore, there
are 5 × 𝑛, or 5𝑛, sides with length 8 cm. It’s also given that there are 6 sides with length 4 cm. Therefore, the
number of 3 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm sides are 𝑛, 6, and 5𝑛, respectively. Since there are a total of 30 sides, the
equation 𝑛 + 6 + 5𝑛 = 30 represents this situation. Combining like terms on the left-hand side of this equation
yields 6𝑛 + 6 = 30. Therefore, the equation that must be true for the value of 𝑛 is 6𝑛 + 6 = 30.
ID: e935055d
Rationale
The correct answer is -22. The given equation can be rewritten as -2𝑡 + 3 = 38. Dividing both sides of this
equation by -2 yields 𝑡 + 3 = - 19. Subtracting 3 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑡 = - 22. Therefore, -22 is
the value of 𝑡 that is the solution to the given equation.