Decoding India’s

healthcare
landscape
April 2024
Over the past decade, India has achieved significant milestones
in the realm of public health, marking notable progress in
enhancing life expectancy, curbing fertility rates, and mitigating
maternal and child mortality rates. The country has made
focused efforts to meet the targets set under Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, India has witnessed a
discernible enhancement in the proportion of resources
allocated to the public sector, reflecting a commitment to
bolstering the nation's healthcare infrastructure.

While India has witnessed commendable achievements, the

healthcare landscape remains ensnared in a web of
fragmentation across various dimensions which include
healthcare service providers, financing mechanisms for
healthcare services, insurance coverage (risk pooling),
standardization in use of IT/Technology, and quality of care
standards. Over the last decade, various policies and programs
by the Government of India, aptly supported by the state
governments, have addressed many of these challenges.

In the subsequent pages, we delineate the healthcare

infrastructure and service delivery status spanning the past two
decades, poised to serve as the cornerstone for healthcare
delivery envisioned for the nation as it embarks on the journey
to become a developed nation by 2047.

Satyam Shivam Sundaram

Partner Strategy and Transaction,
EY LLP

Fore
word Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 2
As India endeavors to achieve its goal of attaining developed
nation status, the healthcare sector emerges as a pivotal
element, supporting the nation's objectives of inclusive growth,
sustainable development, and a promising future for its
citizens. India has made significant strides in healthcare over
the past decade, witnessing advancements in infrastructure,
technology, and accessibility.

The Government of India, through its National Health Policy and

with wide-ranged central schemes and programs, has been
playing a crucial role in achieving the progress for the
healthcare goals. The country has witnessed a transformative
shift in healthcare policy and practice with government’s
ambitious initiatives aimed at strengthening healthcare
infrastructure across the country.

The monumental schemes launched by the Honorable Prime

Minister Shri Narendra Modi, such as the Ayushman Bharat-
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), Ayushman
Arogya Mandir, Prime Minister's Atmanirbhar Swasth Bharat
Yojana (PM-ABHIM) and Jan Aushadhi Scheme stand out as
pillars in the endeavor to build robust health infrastructure and
ensure that healthcare reaches every doorstep. Along with
these, the progress made in existing healthcare programs and
the boost to digital health through Ayushman Bharat Digital
Mission have further redefined the healthcare delivery
landscape in India.

Various regulatory reforms and supportive policies of the

Government of India, like Production Linked Incentive (PLI)
Scheme, Medical Devices Park Scheme, R&D incentives, have
helped boost the pharmaceutical and medical technology
(medtech) sectors, given their crucial role in enhancing
healthcare accessibility, promoting innovation and driving
economic growth.

All these initiatives are complemented through collaborations

with the private sector, non-profit organizations, healthcare
start-ups and international partners, who have been
instrumental in expanding access to advanced medical services,
fostering innovation in healthcare delivery, improving
healthcare outcomes and promoting health equity across the
country.

This brief report is an endeavor to highlight the progress made

by India in the healthcare sector over the past couple of
decades. It underscores the concerted efforts and initiatives
undertaken to improve healthcare accessibility, quality, and
innovation, paving the way for a healthier and more prosperous
future for all. As we reflect on the progress achieved thus far,
let us remain committed to furthering these advancements and
ensuring that healthcare remains a cornerstone of our nation's
development journey.

Praveen Kumar Mittal

Assistant Secretary General
Page 3 FICCI
Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe
Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 4
 Contents
Introduction ........................................................... 6

1 Public Health Indicators ................................... 8

2 Healthcare infrastructure ................................. 9

3 Healthcare human resources .......................... 16

4 Medical education .......................................... 19

5 Healthcare financing ...................................... 20

6 Medical value travel ....................................... 24

7 Pharmaceuticals ............................................ 25

8 Digital health ................................................. 27

9 Medical devices and consumables ................... 29

10 Improved disease control ............................... 31

11 India’s healthcare vision 2047: way forward.... 32

Page 5 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

Introduction
Introductio n

As the nation traverses the path of development and achieving universal health coverage and reducing
progress, a robust healthcare system becomes disparities in healthcare delivery nationwide.
indispensable, ensuring the health and vitality of its
populace. Beyond the intrinsic value of safeguarding Subsequently, the National Rural Health Mission
human lives, a flourishing healthcare sector catalyzes (NRHM) was launched in 2005 to undertake a shift in
the public health system and to provide accessible,
socio-economic advancement by fostering a productive
affordable and accountable primary healthcare
workforce, mitigating the burden of disease, and
bolstering resilience against unforeseen health crises. services to poor households in remote parts of rural
Moreover, a vibrant healthcare ecosystem engenders India. Various other programs have been launched in
the last two decades, as mentioned below.
social cohesion, promotes equity in access to essential
services and uplifts marginalized communities. As India ► Integrated Disease Surveillance Program,
strives towards her aspiration of becoming a developed launched in 2004, is focused on strengthening
nation, the healthcare sector stands as a linchpin, India's public health surveillance system for early
underpinning the nation's aspirations for inclusive detection, prevention, and control of
growth, sustainable development, and a brighter future communicable diseases.
for all. ► Janani Suraksha Yojana was launched in 2005,
with the aim to promote institutional deliveries by
While public health falls under the state list, the
providing cash assistance to expectant mothers
Government of India has been playing a critical role in
below the poverty line.
shaping the sector through efforts of various
Committees, National Health Policies, centrally ► Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana,
sponsored schemes, central sector schemes, and launched in 2006, has the primary objective of
institutions for research and development. Beginning correcting the imbalances in availability of
with the Bhore Committee in 1946, which emphasized affordable/reliable tertiary level healthcare in the
the importance of social orientation and community country in general and to augment facilities for
involvement in healthcare, and subsequent efforts quality medical education in the under-served
such as of the Mudaliar Committee, the National states.
Tuberculosis Program, and the Alma Ata Declaration, ► National Tobacco Control Programme, launched in
have significantly influenced public health in India. 2007, aims to create awareness about harmful
Policies like the National Health Policy of 1983 effects of tobacco consumption and reduce the
prioritized preventive, promotive and rehabilitative production and supply of tobacco products.
care, while the National Population Policy of 2000 ► Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakra, launched in
focused on addressing reproductive and child health 2011, entitles all pregnant women delivering in
needs. Government initiatives have evolved to public health institutions to free and no expense
prioritize quality improvement, as evidenced by the delivery, including Caesarean section.
National Health Policy of 2002, which emphasized
► In 2013, the National Health Mission subsumed
comprehensive primary healthcare and the regulation
NRHM and several other vertical health programs
of the private health sector. These policies and
under one umbrella to provide a holistic approach
programs reflect the government's dedication to
to healthcare delivery.

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 6

Some of the key programmes launched from 2014- 2023 1

► TB Mukt Bharat
Abhiyan
► National Tele Mental
► National Health Policy
Health Program (Tele
► Mission Indradhanush ► Mental Healthcare Act ► e-Sanjeevani OPD Manas)
► Rashtriya Kishor ► National Strategic Plan (Teleconsultation) ► National Sickle Cell
Swasthya Karyakaram for TB Elimination ► Surakshit Matritva Anaemia Elimination
► Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ► HIV and AIDS Act Ashwasan (SUMAN) Programme

2014 2015-16 2017 2018 2019-20 2021 2022-23

► Free Drugs and ► Ayushman Bharat – ► Covid-19 Vaccination

Diagnostics Service Health and Wellness Programme
► Maternity Benefits Act – Centres ► Ayushman Bharat
6 months paid ► Ayushman Bharat – Digital Mission
maternity leave PM Jan Arogya Yojana ► Ayushman Bharat
► Pradhan Mantri ► POSHAN Abhiyan Health Infrastructure
National Dialysis ► Anaemia Mukt Bharat Mission
Programme Strategy

In this report, we present the journey of healthcare developments in medical devices, increase in Medical
over the last two decades in terms of advancements in Value Travel, and improvements in disease control.
the healthcare infrastructure, availability of human This would set the cornerstone for the future
resources, presence of medical education institutions, developments of the healthcare in the next two
changes in healthcare financing patterns, decades (leading to 2047 aspirations).

1
Economic Survey 2022-23

Page 7 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

1
1 Public Healt h I ndi cators

Public health indicators

India has made significant progress in several health through increase in the number of government
indicators. Infant mortality, maternal mortality, hospitals and healthcare infrastructure, medical
neonatal mortality rates, etc. have been reduced. colleges, extensive health campaigns, improved
These improvements can be associated with the immunization, health insurance schemes, etc.
proliferation of healthcare services across the country

Key Health Indicators in India (2005-2020)

CAGR CAGR
Key health indicators 2005-06 2015-16 2020 (FY 2005-06: (FY 2015-16:
FY 2015-16) FY2020)

Neonatal Mortality Rate

37 29.5 20 -2.2% -7.5%
(per 1,000 live births)

Infant Mortality Rate (per

58 40.7 28 -3.5% -7.2%
1,000 live births)

Under-five Mortality Rate

69 49.7 32 -3.2% -8.4%
(per 1,000 live births)

Maternal Mortality Rate

254 122 97 -7.1% -4.5%
(per 1,00,000 live births)

Source: NFHS 5 , Press Information Bureau (pib.gov.in), AU2263.pdf (sansad.in)

Neonatal mortality rate Infant mortality rate

(per 1,000 live births) (per 1,000 live births)
37
58
29.5
40.7
20
16 28 28

2005-06 2015-16 2020 NHP Target 2005-06 2015-16 2020 NHP Target
(2025) (2019)

Under-five mortality rate Maternal mortality rate

(per 1,000 live births) (per 1,00,000 live births)
254
69
49.7
32 122
97 100
23

2005-06 2015-16 2020 NHP Target 2005-06 2015-16 2020 NHP Target
(2025) (2020)

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 8

2
2 Healthc are i nfrastru cture

Healthcare infrastructure
2.1 Primary Health Centres and Community Health Centres
The growth in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and
Number of CHCs and PHCs
Community Health Centers (CHCs) in India from
2004 to 2022 reveals significant strides in 31,053
expanding healthcare infrastructure across the 2.75%
country. Over this period, the number of PHCs ~1% 25,000
23,109
increased steadily, with a CAGR of ~1% 2 from
2004 to 2014 and a CAGR of 2.75% 3 from 2014
to 2022. The cumulative average growth from
2004 to 2022 stood at ~2%, reflecting a
substantial expansion in the availability of basic 1.5% 6,064
4.9% 5,400
healthcare services. Similarly, the growth in CHCs 3,346
exhibited notable progress, witnessing a CAGR
4.9% increase from 2004 to 2014 and a
subsequent CAGR of 1.5% increase from 2014 to 2004 2014 2022
2022. The cumulative average growth in CHCs
PHCs CHCs
from 2004 to 2022 amounted to 3.36% 4.

2
http://mohfw.nic.in/dofw%20website/Bulletin%20on%20RHS%20-%2006
3
Press Information Bureau (pib.gov.in)
4
Rural_Health_Statistics_2021-22.pdf

Page 9 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

 Some best practices for strengthening health services

Multipronged strategy for Home based palliative

improving facility-based care through multi-
management of Low Birth Weight stakeholder participation
(LBW) babies in Haryana in Manipur
Upgradation of NBSUs to SNCUs, It includes training of
KMC units, introduction of digital healthcare staff for
weighing scales and Family providing home-based
Participatory Care, has successfully care through Health and
improved the detection and Wellness Centres, and
management of Low Birth Weight establishing linkage with
(LBW) babies in Haryana, leading to District Hospitals and
a reduction in Infant Mortality Rate palliative OPDs to provide
(IMR) and Neonatal Mortality Rate comprehensive services
(NMR). for patients in need of
palliative care. 58 HWCs
are providing palliative
care services in 9 districts
in the state

First 1,000 days initiative model in

Gujarat Alliance for Saving Mother &
Development of resource material, Newborn (ASMAN) initiative in
capacity building module for ASHAs, Madhya Pradesh
guidelines on First 1,000 day Implementation of ASMAN
compliant facilities, certification application enabling real time data
course on journey of first 1,000 Aardram Mission implementation model entry with notifications for high
days and community awareness in Kerala risk cases, with on-the-job clinical
activities for promoting positive Upgradation of Primary Health Centres decision support through
birthing experiences, humanized (PHCs) to Family Health Centres (FHCs) integrated clinical rules,
care, optimal family participation, and launch of "Sampoorna Yoga interactive dashboards, reports
and utilizing newer evidence-based Keralam" initiative, to propagate and registers, availability of  24*7
practices to support cognitive wellness by empowering ASHA, school specialist support through Remote
development for children to reach volunteers and community volunteers Support Centre for addressing
their full potential through continuous yoga trainings. third delay in maternal health

Source: We Care Good, Replicable and Innovative Practices 2019, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

2.2 Health & Wellness Centres / Ayushman Arogya Mandirs

The establishment and operationalization of HWCs
Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAMs) in India
represent a significant step towards 1,70,242
1,64,478
enhancing access to comprehensive 1,50,000
primary healthcare services across rural
and urban areas. Initially announced as
Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness
Centres (AB-HWCs) in February 2018, the
goal was to establish 1,50,000 centers by 74,947
December 2022. 1,70,242 AAMs5 have
been established and operationalized by
38,595
March 20, 2024, by transforming existing
Sub-Health Centres (SHC) and Primary 17,149
Health Centres (PHC). From 2018-19 to
2023-24, the AAMs have grown at a CAGR
of 46.6%. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

5
Official Website Ayushman Arogya Mandir (nhp.gov.in)

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 10

These AAMs not only provide a wide range of The total number of wellness sessions conducted,
comprehensive primary healthcare services, including including yoga, stands at 3.18 crore6 as of 20 March
preventive, promotive, curative, palliative, and 2024, reflecting a substantial uptake of such activities
rehabilitative services, but also enable the integration among the population.
of Yoga and AYUSH as appropriate to people’s needs.

Services available at AAMs Services being added in incremental manner

Care in pregnancy and child-birth Basic oral health care

Care for common ophthalmic and ENT

Neo-natal and infant health care services
problem

Childhood and adolescent health care Screening and basic management of mental
services health ailments

Family planning, contraceptive services and Elderly and palliative health care services
other reproductive health care services

Emergency medical services including burns

Management of communicable diseases
and trauma

Out-patient care for acute simple illnesses

and minor ailments

Screening, prevention, control and

management of non-communicable diseases
and chronic communicable diseases

Moreover, the integration of teleconsultation services teleconsultations conducted at AAMs, including

within operational AAMs has further enhanced Ayushman Melas, have reached 21.1 crore7 by
accessibility to specialist healthcare services, 20 March 2024.
particularly in remote areas with the total

6
AAM portal
7
E-sanjeevani portal

Page 11 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

2.3 Number of government hospitals
The notable surge in the number of public hospitals in
Number of government hospitals
India from 2005 to 2021 highlights a significant
expansion in the nation's healthcare infrastructure. 60,621
The consistent growth observed across the years —
from 2010 (12,760 hospitals)8 to 2015 (20,306
hospitals) 9 and then to 2021 (60,621)10 — underscores
a persistent commitment to augment healthcare
infrastructure to cater to the evolving healthcare
needs of the population. 20,306
12,760
Overall, the count increased from 7,008 to 60,621
7,008
from 2005-2021, marking a substantial CAGR growth
of approximately 14.4%. This increase reflects a
collective effort to address the rising healthcare 2005 2010 2015 2021
demands and improve healthcare accessibility
throughout the country. This expansion holds the
potential to alleviate the strain on existing healthcare
facilities and contribute to enhanced healthcare
outcomes for individuals across the nation.

2.4 Bed capacity of government hospitals

The bed capacity in government hospitals across India
Government hospital bed capacity
has shown a consistent upward trend over the years.
From 2005 to 2015, there was a substantial increase
from 4,69,672 beds to 6,75,779 beds, indicating a 8,49,206
notable growth of approximately 3.7% CAGR. This
6,75,779
growth continued from 2015 to 2021, with bed
5,76,793
capacity rising to 8,49,206 beds, representing a
4,69,672
further increase of about 3.9% CAGR.10 This consistent
increase underscores concerted efforts to bolster
healthcare infrastructure, ensuring better access to
medical services and addressing the evolving
healthcare needs of the population.

2005 2010 2015 2021

8
Health Infrastructure.pdf (cbhidghs.nic.in)
9
Cover Pdf__ (cbhidghs.nic.in)
10
National Health Profile (NHP) of India- 2022 :: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (cbhidghs.nic.in)

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 12

2.5 Number of AIIMS
The development of All India Institutes of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in India has been a New Delhi AIIMS established in 1956

significant endeavor aimed at expanding AIIMS established from 2004-2014

Awantipora
access to high-quality healthcare across the AIIMS established from 2014-2024
Vijaypur
country. The first AIIMS was established in Upcoming AIIMs
1956 in New Delhi. From only one AIIMS in Bhatinda
New Delhi serving the country for a long Rishikesh

time, today there are many new AIIMS New Delhi

Rewari
Darbhanga
functioning in different capacities across the Jodhpur Gorakhpur Guwahati
nation. Between 2004 and 2014, the Patna
government embarked on an expansion plan, Raebareli

establishing seven new AIIMS in various Rajkot

Bilaspur
Deoghar

regions, including Jodhpur, Bhubaneswar, Bhopal Kalyani

Rishikesh, Raipur, Bhopal, Patna, and Nagpur Raipur

Raebareli. Bhubaneswar

Bibi Nagar
In the last decade, from 2014 to 2024,
additional 11 11 AIIMS have been established, Mangalgiri
bringing the total count to nineteen, at
locations including Nagpur, Mangalgiri,
Bangalore
Gorakhpur, Bibi Nagar, Bhatinda, Kalyani,
Deoghar, Rajkot, Guwahati, Vijaypur, and
Bilaspur. This phase of expansion further Madurai
broadened the reach of specialized medical
services, particularly in underserved
regions, addressing disparities in healthcare institutes will add over 5,000 beds to the country’s
infrastructure. healthcare infrastructure. These upcoming institutes
signify continued efforts to strengthen healthcare
Looking ahead, there are plans for five more AIIMS to
infrastructure and provide advanced medical care to a
be established in Darbhanga, Rewari, Awantipora,
wider population.
Madurai and Bengaluru. The establishment of these

2.6 Utilization of public health facilities

The past years have observed an increase in utilization % of OPD and IPD case in public hospitals
of public health facilities. The share of 50%
44% 46%
government/public hospitals in both OPD and IPD has 42% 42%
increased since 2014. The service providers remain 40% 43% 38% 35%
fragmented in the private sector. The share of public 32%
sector in both OPD and IPD has marginally improved in 30% 33%
22% 28%
the last five years. According to the HMIS data, the 19% 26%
20%
improvement has been more significant with a 27% 20% 21%
19%
increase in IPD from 2014-15 to 2019-20 and a 26% 10%
increase in OPD during the same period.
0%
1995-96 2004 2014 2017-18
OPD Rural OPD Urban
IPD Rural IPD Urban

Source: NSSO 71st and 75th Round

11
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1988387
https://www.aiimsjodhpur.edu.in/PDF/AIIMS%20List.pdf

Page 13 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

2.7 Ensuring quality of services at public health facilities
In recent years, the commitment to enhancing Health Centers (PHCs), Urban PHCs, and sub-health
healthcare quality has become a paramount priority centers, both rural and urban. These standards serve
for the nation. Notable efforts have been made such as as comprehensive benchmarks designed to enable
the establishment of Internationally accredited healthcare providers and healthcare facilities to
National Quality Standards (NQAS) aimed at various evaluate the quality of care, identify areas for
levels of healthcare facilities, including District improvement, and work towards achieving NQAS
Hospitals, Community Health Centers (CHCs), Primary certification.

NQAS certified public health facilities

2,603
2,272

1,443

806
617
213
10 62

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

In the past years, there has been a remarkable surge in mortality, enhance patient satisfaction and to provide
the adoption of NQAS certification, growing by CAGR positive birthing experience to all pregnant women
100.4% from 2016 to 2024. The total number of NQAS attending public health facilities.
certified public health facilities has increased from 10
in 2016-17 to 2,603 in 2023-24. 12 The number of LaQshya certified labor rooms has
increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR)
The LaQshya program launched in December 2017 is of 81% from 22 in 2018-19 to 777 in 2023-24.
another successful initiative which aims to improve the Similarly, the number of LaQshya certified maternal
quality of care during delivery and immediate post- operation theaters has increased at a CAGR of 82%
partum period to reduce maternal and newborn from 17 in 2018-19 to 610 in 2023-24. 12

LaQshya certified labor rooms

777
683

491

321
225

22

2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

12
Quality Darpan Reports: Retrieved from NHSRC - https://qps.nhsrcindia.org/quality-darpan

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 14

 LaQshya certified maternal OTs
610
540

406

263
199

17

2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

Page 15 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

3
3 Healthc are h um an re sourc es

Healthcare human resources

3.1 Key healthcare professionals
Registered nurses: The count of registered
Number of registred nurses
nurses surged from 14.81 lakh in 2005 to
36.14 lakh in 2022, adding nearly 1 lakh nurses
36,14,000
per year in the health system. 13

 From 2005 to 2015, the number of

registered nurses in India increased by 25,91,981
approximately 5.8% CAGR.

 From 2015 to 2022, the number of 17,02,555

14,81,270
registered nurses further increased by
approximately 4.9% CAGR.

FY23 budget announcements of opening 157

new nursing colleges would go a long way in
adding more nurses to the healthcare system
and also exporting nursing services as the 2005 2010 2015 2022
requirements steadily increase across the
globe.

Number of registered allopathic doctors Registered allopathic doctors: The number of

registered allopathic doctors witnessed
substantial growth, rising from 6,60,801 in
13,08,009
2005 to 13,08,009 in 2022, marking a
significant increase of approximately 4.1%
CAGR. 13
9,38,861
8,16,629  From 2005 to 2015, the number of
6,60,801 registered allopathic doctors in India
increased by approximately 3.6% CAGR.

 From 2015 to 2022, the number of

registered allopathic doctors further
increased by approximately 4.9% CAGR.

2005 2010 2015 2022

13
National Health Profile: 2011, 2015, PIB Notification dated 12.12.2023, Dental Council of India Website

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 16

 Number of registered dental surgeons Registered dental surgeons: The count of
registered dental surgeons exhibited
3,25,805 remarkable growth, escalating from 78,096 in
2005 to 3,25,805 in Mar 2024, representing a
surge of approximately 7.8% CAGR. 13

 From 2005 to 2015, the number of

registered dental surgeons in India
1,54,436 increased by approximately 7.1% CAGR.

1,04,603  From 2015 to 2024, the number of

78,096 registered dental surgeons further
increased by approximately 8.6% CAGR.

2005 2010 2015 2024

Registered AYUSH doctors: The number of

Number of registred AYUSH doctors
registered AYUSH doctors saw a modest
increase from 7,24,823 in 2005 to 7,99,879 in 7,99,879
2020, with a CAGR of 0.66%. 13

 From 2005 to 2015, the number of

registered AYUSH doctors in India has
increased by a CAGR of 0.16%.
7,36,538
 2015 to 2020, the number of registered
AYUSH doctors increased by a CAGR of 7,24,823
1.7%.

Further, under the ambit of Ayushman Bharat

Digital Mission, the Health Professionals
Registry (HPR) has been launched, which is a
comprehensive repository of registered and 2005 2015 2020
verified health practitioners delivering modern
and traditional services across India. The India’ has been designed with an intent to increase
professionals registered on HPR can digitally connect health workforce mobility from India to different parts
to a host of interoperable, digitally enabled services for of the world to serve the world and the ‘Heal in India’
dispensation of healthcare services. As of 20th March initiative has been launched to provide integrated and
2024, more than 2.96 lakh health professionals have holistic treatment to the world in India and enhance
registered on HPR. 14 patient mobility for access to world class, affordable
and quality healthcare services.
To strengthen the health manpower production and
quality in the country initiatives including ‘Heal by

14
ABDM Dashboard

Page 17 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

3.2 Community processes / ASHAs
Community engagement has emerged as a cornerstone
in the transformation of India's healthcare landscape,
with initiatives such as Jan Arogya Samitis, Mahila
Arogya Samitis, and the invaluable contributions of
community health workers and Accredited Social
Health Activists (ASHAs) at the forefront. These
community-driven processes represent a fundamental
shift towards empowering local communities and
leveraging their active participation in healthcare
delivery and decision-making.

ASHAs bridge the gap between formal healthcare

systems and communities by providing essential
healthcare services, health education, and acting as
advocates for preventive and promotive healthcare
practices. The number of ASHA workers have
increased by 1.8% CAGR from 8.95 Lakh in 2013-14 to
10.65 lakh in 2023-24. 15

Number of ASHA workers (in lakh)

10.65

8.95

2013-14 2023-24

Additionally, through Jan Arogya Samitis, and Mahila

Arogya Samitis (81,134 in 2021)16, government
health workers, community members, including
women, are mobilized to actively participate in health-
related discussions, decision-making processes, and
the implementation of healthcare programs tailored to
meet the specific needs of their communities.
Together, these community processes and health
workers have not only catalyzed improvements in
healthcare access and delivery but have also fostered
a sense of ownership and accountability among
communities.

15
Achievements and New Initiatives Pocket Handbook by MoHFW - 2023
16
Health Dossier 2021 by NHSRC

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 18

4
4 Medic al e duc atio n

Medical education
The significant increase in the number of medical 1,09,145 in 2023-24 which signifies a substantial
colleges and MBBS seats over the years reflects a stride towards meeting the escalating demand for
concerted effort to address the growing demand for doctors in India. Since 2014, the number of MBBS
healthcare professionals in India. In the last two seats have surged substantially by a CAGR of 9.2%.17
decades, the number of medical colleges has nearly This surge aligns with demographic and
tripled. Since 2014, the number of medical colleges epidemiological transitions, where a burgeoning
have increased by a CAGR of 5.9%. 17 The surge in population and changing disease profiles necessitate a
medical colleges not only offers more opportunities for larger healthcare workforce addressing physician
aspiring doctors but also contributes to decentralizing shortage, ensuring better healthcare coverage.
healthcare services, potentially improving accessibility Further, the increase also signifies better utilization of
for underserved regions. health education infrastructure where existing colleges
have also ramped up the seats.
There has been an increase in MBBS seats from
24,690 in 2004-05 to 45,456 in 2014-15 and

Number of medical colleges Number of MBBS seats

706 1,09,145

542 81,400

398
300 45,456
229 34,595
24,690

2004-05 2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2023-24 2004-05 2009-10 2014-15 2019-20 2023-24

Furthermore, the expansion of postgraduate medical

Number of PG medical seats
seats at a CAGR of 9.5%, from 31,185 in 2014-15 to
70,674 in 2023-24,17 underscores efforts to bolster
70,674
specialized medical training and address the deficit of
specialists in various disciplines. The augmentation of
PG medical seats shall foster a more robust healthcare
48,031
ecosystem capable of catering to diverse specialized
medical needs effectively.
31,185

2014-15 2019-20 2023-24

17
National Health Profile: 2011, 2015, 2019, 2022, NMC Website, PIB Notification dated 12.12.2023.

Page 19 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

5
5 Healthc are f ina nci ng

Healthcare financing
5.1 The healthcare expenditure as a percentage of GDP
The healthcare expenditure* as a percentage of GDP in Health expenditure as percentage of GDP
India showcases a commendable upward trajectory,
reflecting a growing recognition of the importance of 133%
healthcare investment. In 2003-04, health expenditure
was 0.9% 18 of GDP, suggesting limited resource 2.1
allocation towards healthcare initiatives. By 2014-15,
this percentage had increased to 1.2% 19, indicating a
notable shift towards prioritizing healthcare funding.
The most recent data from 2022-23 reveals a 1.2
substantial leap, with health expenditure reaching 2.1% 0.9
of GDP.

With an increase of 4.56% over the span of two

decades, this trend signifies a positive step towards
fulfilling the recommendation of the Fifteenth Finance 2003-04 2014-15 2022-23
Commission, which proposed that public health
expenditure of Union and States together should be
increased in a progressive manner to reach 2.5% of
GDP by 2025 (FFC report, para 9.41, iii)

5.2 Out of pocket expenditure (OOPE)

The Economic Survey 2020-21 emphasizes that a system. OOPE poses a significant risk of pushing
nation's health is intrinsically linked to the accessibility, vulnerable groups into poverty due to catastrophic
affordability, and accountability of its healthcare health expenditures.

Out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) as per cent of total health expenditure (THE)

64.2 62.6 60.6 58.7

48.8 48.2 47.1

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Source: Economic Survey 2020-21

This decline, particularly notable between 2016-17 and improving the overall healthcare landscape in India.
2017-18, point towards the various measures (viz, This decline of OOPE is also due to the increase in
PM-JAY, Jan Aushadhi Kendras, Ambulance services, utilization of public facilities both for inpatient and
free diagnostics, free dialysis etc.) taken by the outpatient services as per the NSS 75th round report.
government to mitigate out-of-pocket payments and

18
EChapter 10 (2003-04) (indiabudget.gov.in)
19
echap10_vol2.pdf (indiabudget.gov.in)
* The health expenditure in the economic survey also includes expenditure on water supply and sanitation

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 20

 The steady decrease in OOPE from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 47.1% in 2019-20 signifies an improvement
in the accessibility and affordability of healthcare services, likely attributable to initiatives aimed at
strengthening healthcare infrastructure and implementing health insurance schemes.

5.3 Insurance coverage

 India's health insurance landscape witnessed a population with a health cover of INR5 lakh per
substantial transition from Rashtriya Swasthya family per year for secondary and tertiary care
Bima Yojana (RSBY) to Ayushman Bharat Pradhan hospitalization to 10.4 crore beneficiary families,
Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY). extending to approximately 15 crore families
including state-sponsored scheme beneficiaries. 20
 Launched in 2008, Rashtriya Swasthya Bima
Yojana (RSBY) was a centrally sponsored health  PM-JAY expanded its coverage beyond BPL
insurance scheme implemented by the Ministry of families to encompass a larger segment identified
Labour & Employment (MoLE) providing financial under the Socioeconomic and Caste Census (SECC)
protection to approximately 5.8 crore below 2011 database.
poverty line families. It provided coverage for
 PM-JAY provides beneficiaries access to a vast
hospitalization expenses up to INR30,000 per
network of healthcare providers. The scheme also
family per annum in about 8,000 public and
offers a broader and deeper benefit health
private empaneled hospitals in India. However,
package covering 1,900 packages across 24
studies suggest that RSBY suffered from a static
specialties with no exclusion of pre-existing
financial coverage cap, low enrolment, inequitable
conditions.
service supply, utilization, etc. 21
 Moreover, PM-JAY utilizes a robust IT framework
 Recognizing the limitations of Rashtriya Swasthya
for efficient implementation and management,
Bima Yojana (discontinued) and other state
facilitating beneficiary identification, hospital
schemes, the Government of India launched
empanelment, and claims processing.
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya
Yojana in September 2018.  As of now, PM-JAY has authorized a total of 6.5
crore hospital admissions worth INR81,979 crore
 PM-JAY targeted health insurance for 500 million
through its network of approximately 28,000
individuals, primarily the poorest 40% of the
empaneled health care providers (EHCPs). 20

Comparison of PM-JAY and RSBY Scheme

PM-JAY 20 RSBY21
S. No. Parameter
(Launched in 2018) (Launched in 2008, currently discontinued)

INR5 lakh per family per year INR30,000 per family per year (up to 5
1 Health coverage
(no family member upper limit) family members)

10.74 Cr families (approximately 50

Number of crore individuals) across 33 states and
2 beneficiaries UTs (except Delhi, West Bengal, Odisha). 5.8 Cr families in 15 states
covered This extends to 15 Cr families including
State funded families

3 Packages More than 1,900 packages More than 1,500 packages

Empaneled
4 More than 28,000 Around 8,000
hospitals

20
PM-JAY website (https://pmjay.gov.in/)
21
MOHFW Annual Report 2015-16 (https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/12201617.pdf)

Page 21 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

The fragmentation in health service financing (players) The AB-PMJAY scheme, coupled with the improvement
has been substantially reducing over the years as a in penetration of private health insurance, increased
result of increased penetration of government health the proportion of the insured population to 52% in
insurance scheme and other social security initiatives. 2017-18, from 37% in 2014-15. The health insurance
coverage is further projected to grow close to 70% to
75% by 2025.

Population coverage Changing payer mix: Individual to institutional

Commercial
6% 10% 19%-20 %
insurance

Employee schemes
6% 10% 10%-15 %
(CGHS, ESIC)

Government
25% 32% 40%-45 %
schemes

Uncovered
63% 48% 20%-30 %
population

2014-15 2017-18 2025 P

Source: EY FICCI Report, Re-engineering Indian Health care, September 2016, IRDAI handbook, IRDAI Annual report, National
Health Profile, Individual state insurance websites

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 22

5.4 Grants for augmentation of healthcare sector by 15th Finance
Commission
In addition to above, the 15th Finance Commission states. It recommends state-specific grants for health
(2021-2026) has given the following recommendations amounting to INR4,800 crore. The total grants-in-aid
for healthcare financing. The grants for the health support to the health sector over the award period
sector are divided into two parts: (i) grants aggregating shall be INR1,06,606 crore which is 10.3% of the total
to INR70,051 crore through local governments and (ii) grants-in-aid. 22
sectoral grants aggregating to INR31,755 crore to

Sectoral grants for health

Sub-components Amount (INR crore)

Critical care hospitals 15,265

District integrated public health labs 469

Support to the states to run DNB courses in district hospitals 2,725

Training of 1.5 million workforce related to allied healthcare 13,296

Total 31,755

Health grants through local governments

Sub-components Amount (INR crore)

Urban HWCs 24,028

Building-less sub centers, PHCs, CHCs 7,167

Block level public health units 5,279

support for diagnostic infrastructure to the primary healthcare facilities 18,472

Conversion of rural sub centers and PHCs to HWCs 15,105

Total 70,051

22
https://finance.cg.gov.in/15%20Finance%20Commission/Report/15th_FC_Report_for_Year_2020_21_English.pdf

Page 23 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

6
6 Medic al valu e trave l

Medical value travel

The significant growth in medical value travel (MVT) in
India, evidenced by a 10.8% increase in medical tourists Number of medical tourists
from 2012 to 2022, underscores the success of the
National Strategy and Roadmap for Medical and Wellness 5,04,000
4,75,000
Tourism in 2022. This growth reflects effective 4,27,014
implementation of key pillars, such as branding India as a
wellness destination, strengthening the Medical Value
Travel ecosystem, enabling digitalization through an MVT
portal, enhancing accessibility, promoting Medical value 1,71,021
Travel, and establishing a robust governance framework.
Such advancements have positioned India as a leading
destination for Medical Value Travel, offering high-quality
healthcare services alongside holistic wellness 2012 2016 2022 2023 (Jan-
experiences. Oct)

 Between 2012 and 2016, the number of medical

tourists in India experienced a significant increase of Top 10 countries of Number of medical
approximately 25.7% CAGR, rising from 171,021 23 to medical travel in India tourist (2021)
4,27,014 24.
Bangladesh 1,86,633
 From 2016 to 2022, there was a further growth of
around 1.79% CAGR, with the number of medical Iraq 15,357
tourists reaching 4,75,000. Maldives 22,798
 Continuing this upward trajectory, between 2022 and Afghanistan 19,556
2023 (Jan-Oct), there was an additional increase of
Oman 7,610
approximately 6% CAGR, as the number of medical
tourists surged to 5,04,000 25 Yemen 4,612
 Overall, from 2012 to 2023 (Jan-Oct), there has been a Sudan 3,908
remarkable growth of approximately 10.32% CAGR in
Kenya 3,423
the number of medical tourists visiting India,
highlighting the country's rising prominence as a Nigeria 2,914
Medical Value Travel destination.
Tanzania 2,194

23
The foreign tourists who visited India for medical purpose during 2012, 2013 and 2014 were 171021, 236898 and 184298, respectively (business-
standard.com)
24
Number of Foreign Tourist Arrivals for medical purpose has shown an increase over last 3 years: Shri Prahlad Singh Patel (pib.gov.in)
25
pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1987820

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 24

7
7 Pharm aceuti cals

Pharmaceuticals
The Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks third globally in
pharmaceutical production by volume and is known for its Turnover in INR crore (000')
generic medicines and low-cost vaccines. The sector 328.1 344.1
contributed to around 1.32% of the Gross Value Added (at 290.0
258.5
2011-12 constant prices) of the Indian Economy in 2020- 226.4
21. 26

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Industry CAGR (2017-18 to 2021-22): 8.7%

Major segments of Indian pharmaceutical industry

India manufactures about 60,000 different generic

brands across 60 therapeutic categories and accounts
for 20% of the global supply of generics. Because of
Generic drugs Contract the low price and high quality, Indian medicines are
research and
manufacturing preferred worldwide, making it “pharmacy of the
world.” India has the highest number of United States
OTC medicines Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved
pharmaceutical plants outside the US and a significant
number of World Health Organization (WHO) Good
Bulk drugs Vaccines Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compliant plants as
well as plants approved by regulatory authority of
other countries.

As per a latest report by FICCI the total market size of

India is a global leader in the supply of DPT, BCG, and Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to reach
Measles vaccines. India is one of the biggest suppliers US$130 billion by 2030. 27
of low-cost vaccines in the world. India accounts for
60% of global vaccine production, contributing 40 to
70% of the WHO demand for Diphtheria, Tetanus and
Pertussis (DPT) and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)
vaccines, and 90% of the WHO demand for the measles
vaccine. 26

26
Department of Pharmaceuticals Annual Report 2022- 23
27
https://pharmaceuticals.gov.in/sites/default/files/CRO%20Market%20Report_High%20Resolution.pdf

Page 25 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

The Indian pharmaceutical industry has emerged as a
Pharmaceutical export (INR crore)
global leader in both import and export sectors. With a
robust manufacturing base, India has become a 1,74,064 1,74,955
significant exporter of pharmaceutical products, 1,40,537
supplying medications to over 200 countries
worldwide. The industry's success can be attributed to
factors, such as cost-effectiveness, high-quality
production standards, and a skilled workforce. India's
exports include a wide range of generic drugs, active
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and formulations,
2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
catering to diverse healthcare needs globally.
Furthermore, the industry's adeptness in research and
Medicine export to 200+ countries
development, coupled with favorable regulatory
policies, has bolstered its competitiveness, driving
continuous growth and expansion in international
markets. Pharmaceutical import (INR crore)

60,060
46,808
40,139

2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Exports stand at ~3X of imports

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 26

8
8 Digital healt h

Digital health
The Digital India program has revolutionized the part of the nation. Through these endeavors, the
healthcare sector in India, bringing about remarkable existing gap among different stakeholders in the
changes. Initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Digital healthcare ecosystem has effectively narrowed down
Mission, CoWIN App, Aarogya Setu, e-Sanjeevani, and using digital avenues.
e-Hospital have extended healthcare facilities to every

AYUSHMAN BHARAT DIGITAL MISSION (ABDM)

ABDM is a flagship digital health initiative that aims to develop the technological backbone for an integrated
digital infrastructure in the Indian health system.

58,33,27,208 ABHA accounts 2,39,280 Healthcare facilities registered

34,67,64,908 ABHA linked health record 2,96,718 Healthcare professionals registered

as on 20 Mar 2024

AAROGYA SETU
Aarogya Setu, now a National Health App, offers a range of digital health services through the Ayushman Bharat
Digital Mission (ABDM). Users can create a Digital Health ID to access healthcare providers, receive digital reports,
prescriptions, and diagnosis seamlessly.

More than 21.82 Cr Total downloads

More than 93.58 Cr Total samples tested

as on 30 Oct 2023

CoWIN
CoWIN, launched to bolster the COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network, is a digital platform facilitating the
nationwide rollout and expansion of the COVID Vaccine Distribution System. It provides robust, dependable, and
agile technology allowing for anytime, anywhere registration for COVID-19 vaccination.

More than 110.94 Cr Total registrations

More than 220.68 Cr Total vaccination doses

as on 20 Mar 2024

eSanjeevani
eSanjeevani, designed as the National Telemedicine Service, has grown into an extraordinary accomplishment in
the country, solidifying its position as the largest documented telemedicine implementation in primary healthcare
worldwide.

More than 22.27 Cr Total patients served

More than 2.10 Lakh Total providers onboarded

as on 20 Mar 2024

Page 27 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

 eHospital
The e-Hospital application serves as a comprehensive Hospital Management Information System (HMIS),
streamlining internal workflows and processes within hospitals. This unified platform facilitates seamless
connectivity between patients, hospitals, and doctors.

More than 39.74 Cr Total patient registration

More than 3.08 Cr Total admissions

as on 20 Mar 2024

Source: ABDM Dashboard, e-Sanjeevani Dashboard, CoWIN Dashboard, Aarogya Setu Dashboard, e-Hospital Dashboard

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 28

9
Medical devices and consumables
9 Medic al devi ces and co nsum a bles

Export of Medical Devices in US$ million

2,923
2,532
2,138
1,868

1,030 980
780

2011-12 2013-14 2015-16 2017-18 2018-19 2020-21 2021-2022

Exports growth: CAGR of 12.8% from 2011 to 2022

The export of medical devices from India has witnessed In five years from 2018-19 to 2022-23, India observed
a remarkable surge over the last decade, reflecting a a consistent increase in the export of the top medical
robust growth trajectory. 28 device categories. These include consumables,
disposables, electronics and equipment, implants, IVD
Factors contributing to this growth include reagents, and surgical instruments, with consumables
advancements in technology, enhanced manufacturing and electronics and equipment being the largest
capabilities, and adherence to international quality contributors. This growth underscores the country's
standards. India's prowess in producing a diverse range expanding prowess in the global healthcare market
of medical devices coupled with its cost-effectiveness across diverse segments of medical equipment and
has propelled its position as a key player in the global supplies.
market, driving substantial economic gains and
fostering further opportunities for development and
innovation.

28
medicaldevicemanufacturinginindia-asunrise-170221053503 (1).pdf (pharmaceuticals.gov.in)

Page 29 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

 Consumables (INR crore) Disposables (INR crore)

4,257
9,449

6,846 2,665

2018-19 2022-23 2018-19 2022-23

Implants (INR crore) Electronics and equipment (INR crore)

1,410 10,669

6,197
654

2018-19 2022-23 2018-19 2022-23

IVD reagents (INR crore) Surgical instruments (INR crore)

579
1,453

322

435

2018-19 2022-23 2018-19 2022-23

Further, the Medical Device Policy 2023 aims to in the country. This policy and mandatory regulatory
improve access to good quality medical devices to all at approvals of medical equipment and in-Vitro
all ages to make devices affordable, enhance domestic Diagnostics are a step towards ensuring
manufacturing capacity, enhance quality and global Aatmanirbharta under the ‘Make in India’ campaign.
positioning and acceptability of products manufactured

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 30

10
10 Im proved dis ease co ntrol

Improved disease control

Kala Azar Measles
9,241
40,967

6,249
26,530
4,386
17,250 19,474

818 520 5,604

196 26

2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2023 2024

(P) (P) 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

Source: Kala-Azar Situation in India :: National Center for Vector Source: Measles - number of reported cases (who.int)
Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) (mohfw.gov.in)

The decline in Kala Azar cases in India can be

The decrease in Measles cases in India is driven by
attributed to multifaceted initiatives, including
comprehensive immunization campaigns,
improved vector control measures, enhanced
strengthened routine vaccination programs under
surveillance systems, early diagnosis, and effective
Mission Indradhanush, and heightened surveillance
treatment strategies under the Kala-Azar
mechanisms.
Elimination Program.

Dengue Tuberculosis
2,33,251
1,93,245 24,04,815
21,55,894
1,57,315 18,27,959

1,01,192 94,198 11,76,164

44,585

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (P) 2017 2018 2019 2020

Source: DENGUE SITUATION IN INDIA :: National Center for Source: Press Information Bureau (pib.gov.in)
Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) (mohfw.gov.in)

Decreasing Tuberculosis cases in India result from

extensive efforts, including enhanced diagnostic
Decreasing Dengue cases in India stem from
facilities, expanded access to treatment, and
intensified vector control measures like mosquito
strengthened healthcare infrastructure.
surveillance and habitat management. Public health
Implementation of directly observed treatment,
campaigns emphasizing prevention, early detection,
short-course (DOTS) strategy. The National
and community participation bolster these efforts.
Strategic Plan for TB elimination 2017–25 is a
framework to guide the activities of all stakeholders.

Page 31 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

11
ia’s heal thcare vision 2 04 7: w ay f orward

India’s healthcare vision 2047:

way forward
India's healthcare landscape has witnessed significant non-communicable diseases, and leveraging
progress in the past years. Ensuring equitable access technology for healthcare delivery remain the key
to quality healthcare, addressing affordability issues, focus areas. India is now well positioned to play a
improving healthcare infrastructure, quality and transformative role in shaping the future of global
outcomes, tackling the burden of communicable and health. India’s vision 2047 for healthcare can be to:

1. Increase the number of qualified doctors to more than 50 lakhs, to achieve double the current
global average of 16 doctors per 10,000 population29 and closer to average of the developed
countries.30
2. Increase the number of nurses to more than 1.25 to 1.5 crores, to achieve closer to the average of
developed countries. 30
3. Add 30 lakh more hospital beds, to achieve closer to the average of developed countries. 30
4. Achieve 100% population with health insurance coverage.
5. Establish one medical college in every district of India.
6. Halving share of cost of drugs in OOPE from current proportion. 31
7. Accelerate digitally-enabled healthcare access, by achieving 100% registration of healthcare
professionals onto ABDM healthcare professionals registry, 100% registration of healthcare
facilities onto healthcare facilities registry and 100% Indian citizens having an ABHA ID.
8. Become the global leader in manufacturing of affordable, innovative and quality pharmaceuticals
and medical devices, through:
I. Increased spending by government to enhance opportunities in pharma and medical devices
related research projects.
II. Strengthening backward integration in medical devices to achieve global competitiveness.
III. Positioning India as originator of tech such as Robotics, 4D, Organ Bioprinting, Laser Physics,
etc.
IV. Establishing international agreements for diversified and resilient global supply chains for raw
materials, components, spare parts, assemblies/sub-assemblies of medical devices, vaccines
and pharmaceuticals.

29
Source: World Bank. (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS
30
https://data.oecd.org/healthres/doctors.htm#indicator-chart
31
drugs constitute over 67% of out-of-pocket expense on healthcare (NSSO 68th round)

Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 32

Notes

Page 33 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe

Contact – FICCI
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Email: praveen.mittal@ficci.com Ahmedabad Hyderabad
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Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe Page 34

Page 35 Deco din g In dia’ s hea lth ca re lan dsca pe
Ernst & Young LLP About FICCI
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having its registered office at Ground Floor, Plot No. 67, Medical Value Travel: mvt@ficci.com
Institutional Area, Sector - 44, Gurugram - 122 003, Haryana,
India. AYUSH: ayush.ficci@ficci.com

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