Interface Python with SQL database

Contents:
 Connecting SQL with Python
 Creating database connectivity applications
 Performing insert, delete, update,delete queries
 Display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), fetchmany (), rowcount()

Database connectivity
Database connectivity refers to connection and communication between an application
and a database system.

The term “front-end” refers to the user interface, while “back-end” means the server,
application and database that work behind the scenes to deliver information to the user.

• Mysql.connector- Library or package to connect from python to MySQL.

Before we connect the program with mysql , we need to install connectivity package named
mysql-connector- python

• Command to install connectivity package:- pip install mysql-connector-python

• Command to import connector:- import mysql.connector
• Steps for python MySQL connectivity
1 . Install Python
2 Install MySQL
3 Open Command prompt
4 Switch on internet connection
5 Type pip install mysql-connector-python and execute
6 Open python IDLE
7 import mysql.connector

Steps for creating database connectivity applications:

1. Start Python- start python editor to create our own python script.

2.Import mysql.connector package

Use the following statement for this.

import mysql.connector or

import mysql.connector as Con

3.Establishing a connection to Mysql DATABASE.

We need to establish a connection to a mysql database using connect () function of

mysql.connector package.

The connect statement creates a connection to the mysql server and returns a
MySQL connection object.

Syntax:

<Connection object> = mysql.connector.connect (host=<hostname>,

user=<username>, passwd:<password>, database=<dbname>)

For eg: import mysql.connector

con=mysql.connector.connect(host=”localhost”,user=”root”, passwd=” “)

4. Creating a cursor Object

It is a useful control structure of database connectivity. It will let us execute

all the queries we need. Cursor stores all the data as a temporary container of
returned data and allows traversal so that we can fetch data one row at a time
from cursor. Cursors are created by the connection.cursor() method.

Syntax:

<cursor object>=<connectionobject>.cursor()

Eg: cursor=con.cursor()
5. Execute SQL query:

We can execute SQL query using execute() function .

Syntax: <cursor object>.execute(SQL QUERY)

Eg: cursor.execute(“select * from data”)

The above code will execute the sql query and store the retrieved records
(resultset) in the cursor object(cursor).
Result set refers to a logical set of records that are fetched from the database
by executing an sql query and made available in the program.

6.Extract data from Result set:

The records retrieved from the database using SQL select query has to be
extracted as record from the result set. We can extract data from the result
set using the following fetch () function.

fetchall()

fetchone()

fetchmany()

 Multiple ways to retrieve data:

 fetchall()- Fetches all (remaining) rows of a query result,
returning them as a sequence of sequences (e.g. a list of
tuples) .

 fetchone()-Fetches the next row of a query result set,

returning a single sequence or None when no more data is
available

 fetchmany (size)-Fetches the next set of rows of a query

result, returning a sequence of sequences. It will return
 number of rows that matches to the size argument.

Functions to execute SQL queries

# TO CREATE DATABASE SCHOOL USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE
SCHOOL")

# SHOW DATABASE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("SHOW
DATABASES") for x in mycursor:
print (x)

# TO CREATE A TABLE IN MYSQL USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passw
d="s ystem",database="student") mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("CREATE TABLE FEES (ROLLNO INT,NAME
VARCHAR(20),AMOUNT INT);")

# TO SHOW THE TABLES IN MYSQL USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
",database="student")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("SHOW
TABLES") for x in mycursor:
 print(x)
#TO DESCRIBE TABLE STRUCTURE USING PYTHON INTERFACE

mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system"
,database="student")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()

mycursor.execute("DESC
STUDENT") for x in mycursor:
print(x)

# TO EXECUTE SELECT QUERY USING A PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
conn=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="12345
",database="student")
c=conn.cursor()
c.execute("select * from
student") r=c.fetchone() while
r is not None:
print(r)
r=c.fetchone()

# TO EXECUTE SELECT QUERY WITH WHERE CLAUSE USING A PYTHON

INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
conn=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="123
45", database="student") if conn.is_connected()==False:
print("Error connecting to MYSQL DATABASE")
c=conn.cursor()
c.execute("select * from student where
marks>90") r=c.fetchall() count=c.rowcount
print("total no of rows:",count) for row in r:
print(row)
#TO INSERT A RECORD (ROLLNO,NAME,AND MARKS) IN MYSQL TABLE student
USING #PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
",database="student")
mycursor=mydb.cursor() r=int(input("enter
 the rollno")) n=input("enter name")
m=int(input("enter marks"))
mycursor.execute("INSERT INTO
student(rollno,name,marks) VALUES({},'{}',
{})".format(r,n,m)) mydb.commit()
print(mycursor.rowcount,"RECORD INSERTED")

# TO UPDATE A DATA IN A TABLE USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="s
yste m",database="student") mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("UPDATE STUDENT SET MARKS=100 WHERE
MARKS=40") mydb.commit() print(mycursor.rowcount,"RECORD
UPDATED")

# TO DELETE A RECORD FROM THE TABLE USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
",database="student") mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE
MARKS<50") mydb.commit()
print(mycursor.rowcount,"RECORD DELETED")

# TO DROP AN ENTIRE TABLE FROM MYSQL DATABASE USING PYTHON

INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
",database="student")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("DROP TABLE STUDENT")

# TO ADD A COLUMN IN THE EXISTING TABLE USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
",database="student") mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD AGE
INT”) mydb.commit()

#TO DROP A COLUMN FROM THE TABLE USING PYTHON INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="system
",database="student")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("ALTER TABLE DROP AGE ”)
mydb.commit()

# TO ALTER THE DATATYPE OF A COLUMN IN A TABLE USING PYTHON

INTERFACE

import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="syste
m",database="student")
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
mycursor.execute("ALTER TABLE STUDENT MODIFY GRADE CHAR(3)")

 commit( ): After executing insert or update query we must commit

our transaction using commit method of connection object. Eg:
mycon.commit()
 rollback( ): mysqlConnection.rollback() reverts the changes made by
the current transaction.
 rowcount: This attribute returns the number of rows that were affected
by an execute()

Closing cursor and connection

Since the database can keep limited number of connections at a time ,
we must close the connection using
cursorobject.close()
Eg: mycursor.close() con.close()