Science, Technology, &

Society
MODULE 3
 GOVERNMENT LAWS, POLICIES, PLANS
AND PROJECTS PERTAINING TO SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After the discussion, the students will be able to:
• Describe the science and technology environment.
• Identify di erent government laws, policies, plans and
projects to science and technology.
• Appraise their contribution to the development of Science
and Technology in the country.
Science & Technology Environment (1986-2016)
During the Fifth Republic, she highlights
the development of science and
technology.
- showing the importance of it to
economic progress
- the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) was established.
- aimed to be a Newly Industrialized
Country (NIC)
Science & Technology Environment (1986
-2016)
The succeeding presidents have had their own policies and
laws towards improving the Science Technology in the country:
Fidel V. Ramos – laws on investors incentives.
Gloria M. Arroyo – adopted policies about national innovation.
Benigno Aquino – inclusive growth and disaster risk reduction.
Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
Di erent Laws enacted by the Congress since 1958 to present:
1. R.A. 2067
- June 13, 1958
- Science Act of 1958
- To integrate, coordinate and intensify Scienti c and Technological
Research and Development. To foster innovation and provide funds
and others.
Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
2. R.A. 3589
- June 22, 1963
- amends the RA 2067
- National Science Development Board, National Institute
of Science and Technology, and the Philippine Atomic Energy
3. R.A. 5207
- June 15, 1968
- Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of 1968
- to encourage, promote, and
atomic energy for peaceful purposes.assist the development of
Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
4. P.D. NO. 49 s. 1972
- established the PAGASA
- to provide environmental protection
5. P.D. NO. 334 s. 1973
- Philippine National Oil Company
- to promote industrial and economic development
through energy resources
Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
6. R.A. 8749
- June 23, 1999
- Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
- to protect and preserve the environment
sustainable development of its natural resources and ensure the
7. R.A. 8792
- June 15, 2000
- to manage the domestic
transactions of information and international dealings and
- to promote the use
public and in the governmentof electronic transaction in the general
Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
8. R.A. 9367
- June 12, 2007
- Biofuels Act of 2006
- to reduce dependence on imported oil
- Biofuel Program
9. R.A. 9513
- Renewable Act of 2008
- to
resources accelerate the development of the renewable energy
 Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
10. R.A. 10175
- September 12, 2012
- Philippine Cybercrime Prevention Act
- to de ne cybercrime,
imposing penalties to it. preventing, investigating , and
11. R.A. 10612
- Fast –Tracked S&T Scholarship Act of 2018
program- an act
and expanding
to the
strengthen coverage
the of
teaching the
of scholarship
science and math
and other purposes.
Government Policies and Laws
Pertaining to Science and Technology
12. R.A. 10844
- May 23, 2016
- Department of Information and Communication
Technology Act of 2015
-Executive branch of the government that will plan,
develop and promote the national ICT development agenda
MAJOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PLANS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN (STMP)
The plan was made by the presidential task force in March
1989.
- Department of Science and Technology
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Trade and Industry
- Department of Transportation and Communication
- Presidential Adviser on public resources
- 3 academic institution directly involved in S & T
MAJOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PLANS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN (STMP)
15 leading edges to industrial development.
Aquaculture Marine Fisheries Forestry
Natural Resources Process Industry Food
Feed Industry Energy Transportation
Construction Industry Information Technology Electronics
Instrumentation and Emerging Technologies Pharmaceuticals
Control
MAJOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PLANS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN (STMP)
Strategies Pursued to attain the objectives:
1. Modernize the production sectors through massive technology transfer
from domestic and foreign sources.
2. Upgrade the R & D capability through intensi ed activities in high
priority sector
3. S & T infrastructure development (manpower development)
4. Develop information networks, institutional building and S & T culture
development
MAJOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PLANS
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PLAN (NSTP)
- is a long term indicative plan to see the direction of the
development of science and technology in the country for the next 18
years. It is a support to the vision and goals stated in the Medium-Term
Philippine Development Plan.
It was headed by the DOST Secretary (Secretary Estrella Alabastro)
together with other government agencies that has Science and
Technology or Research and Development Programs.
MAJOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT PLANS
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PLAN (NSTP)
The vision of the the NSTP were as follows:
1. By 2004 – S&T be an important factor and catalyst for national
productivity and competitiveness.
2. By 2010 – S&T be the foundation for accelerated growth of the economy
and has improved the quality of life and the Philippines.
3. By 2020 – Philippines can provide product and services that are globally
competitive with highly technological content.
STATUS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AND PLANS FOR DEVELOPMENT
During Duterte’s administration, they reassures its commitment to science,
technology and innovation.
- big increase in the budget of the DOST in year 2017. From Php 5
Billion to Php 20.8 Billion.
- the budget for research and development grew by almost six
times. From Php 1 Billion to Php 5.8 Billion.
- promotion of science, technology, and creative arts were part of
the 10 point economic agenda.
STATUS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AND PLANS FOR DEVELOPMENT
LAWS that was passed during Duterte’s Term:
1. R.A. 11035
- June 15, 2018
- Balik Scientist Program
- it would give more incentives to returning lipino experts in the
eld of science and technology.
STATUS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
AND PLANS FOR DEVELOPMENT
LAWS that was passed during Duterte’s Term:
1. R.A. 11035
- returning scientist can participate in DOSTs Grants-in-Aid research
and development.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
& SOCIETY
HUMAN FLOURISHING IN TERMS
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MODULE 4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, students will be able to:
1. De ne human ourishing
2. Di erentiate Western and Eastern philosophy about human
ourishing; and
3. Cite the importance of human ourishing.
Flourishing
Is the highest good of an individual attempt to achieve his/her
goal.
Is a success a human being can achieve for the betterment of
his/her life.
WHAT MAKES YOU HAPPY?
HAPPINESS
For psychologist, it is a mental state of well-being which can be
de ned by, among others, positive and pleasant emotions
ranging from contentment to intense joy.

For Behaviorist, it is cocktail of emotions that a human

experience when we do something good or positive.
HAPPINESS
For Neurologist, it is the experience of a ood of hormones
released in the brain as a reward for behavior that prolongs
survival.
HAPPINESS
In Hedonistic view, it is the opposite of su ering. They believe
that the purpose of life is to maximize happiness which
indicates minimizing misery.
Eudaimonia
- Literally means “good spirited”.
- It is a term used by Aristotle to describe the pinnacle of
happiness that is attainable by humans.
Aristotle
Human Flourishing is a product of
di erent factors (Phronesis,
friendship, wealth and power)
Through concrete virtues, it leads
people to his natural excellence
and happiness.
Aristotle
Something GOOD is what is good
for purposeful and goal directed
entities.
The highest or most general good
to which all individuals should aim
is to live happily , successfully, and
well.
As time change, elements that comprise human ourishing changed,
which are subject to the dynamic social history as written by
humans.
- People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places,
develop more products, and make more money, and then
repeating the process in full circle.
- Early humans created simple machines to hunt and gather food to
make their life easy. To more grander and sophisticated machines.
- Competition as means of survival became coordination and
cooperation
EASTERN AND WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
There is a discrepancy between the eastern and western
philosophy about human ourishing.
WESTERN EASTERN
Self (Individual) Community-centric
Aristotelian View Confucian System and Japanese
Bushido
TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY
OF REVEALING
MODULE 5
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, students will be able to:
1. Determine the steps of scienti c method in solving
problems;
2. Identify the importance of diversity and collaboration in the
scienti c community towards human ourishing;
3. Explain the concept of human conditions before and after
science and technology.
Science and Technology is intertwined with the goal setting of
the humans. In which, developing technology is a human
activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science.
Science and Technology have changed the ways we live, work
and think. The well-being of individuals, nations, and the Earth
depends in part on techno-scienti c discoveries and inventions.
SCIENCE AS A METHOD
SCIENCE is an organized way of studying things and nding
answers to questions.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD is an approach to seek knowledge that
involves forming and testing hypothesis. It is a logical process
for experimentation.
STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Observe and determine if there are unexplainable occurrences
around you.
2. Determine the problem and identify the possible factors
involved.
3. Formulate hypothesis that could explain the said occurrences.
4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and
independent variables .
5. Gather and analyze the data once your experiment is
complete
6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation .
ITERATIVE PROCESS
It is a process like scienti c method that involves backing up
and repeating.
Even though the scienti c method is being followed properly,
we should keep in mind that the new information or thinking
might cause a scientist to back up and repeat steps at any
point of the process.
SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR
Importance of diversity and collaboration in the scienti c community
towards human ourishing.
• COLLABORATION & DIVERSITY BALANCE POSSIBLE BIASES
- Scientist bene ts from other scientists and practitioners with
di erent sets of beliefs, cultural backgrounds, and values to
balance out the possible biases.
• DIVERSITY & COLLABORATION STIMULATE PROBLEM SOLVING
- A diverse community is better to generate new research
methods, explanations and ideas, which can be bene cial to
science.
SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR
• DIVERSITY & COLLABORATION FACILITATE SPECIALIZATION
- Science have di erent elds and interest. Scientists have di erent strengths
and methods in investigating di erent questions based on their interests.
• DIVERSITY & COLLABORATION ARE INSPIRATION & MOTIVATION
- Interactions in the society brought encouragement to people to innovate
and develop new ideas.
• DIVERSITY & COLLABORATION DIVIDE LABOR
- There is simply more to know than ever before and as we learn more about
the world, more research is performed at the intersections of di erent elds.
TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS HUMAN LIFE
• Our life is highly dependent on the advancement of
technology that was continuously developed by humans.
• From simple devices and technology to more functional one.
• Save business and organizations from spending too much
money and time.
• Save many lives due to advancement in medicines,
machinery, and other health care technology.
• People and Industry were grateful to the advance of
technology in communication.
TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS HUMAN LIFE
• In the eld of Agriculture, advanced technologies played a
big role in increasing the production of the supplies.
• For the Education Sector, information is power, with the
technologies that has been used in di erent schools such as
projectors, laptops, tablets, even the internet to gather
necessary information.
THE GOOD LIFE
MODULE 6
Learning Objectives

• De ne what is good life

• Identify how humans attempt to attain what is
deemed to be a good life; and
• Recognize possibilities available to human being
to attain the good life
GOOD LIFE
The question “what does it mean to live well?” or “how should
one live?” are questions that pertains to same philosophical
concept, good life.
3 ways to understand GOOD LIFE (according to Westascott, 2018)
1. The Moral Life
2. The Life of Pleasure
3. The Ful lled Life
MORAL LIFE
- The word “good” is always associated with the word MORAL.
- A person is living his life by practicing and possessing
important virtues. Moreover, they did not spend all of their
time on their own bene t but do some activities that are
bene cial to other people.
MORAL LIFE
For SOCRATES and PLATO, virtuous person is the priority than
having good things such as pleasure, wealth, or power.
Moreover, in Plato’s DIALOGUE, Gorgias he argues that it is
better to su er than a corrupt person who used wealth and
power dishonorably.
In Republic, he de nes that a good person has inner harmony
unlike a wicked person.
MORAL LIFE
In religions, it is believe that a good life is living according to
God’s laws.
Christian martyrs are con dent that they would soon be in
heaven.
Hindus believe in the law of Karma, hence all good deeds and
intentions will be rewarded, and evil actions will be punished.
Life of Pleasure
Epicurus, a Greek philosopher who introduces the idea that a
life that is worth living is the one where experience pleasure.
Hedonism is the idea that pleasure is what makes life worth
living. Sometimes, it suggests that it was devoted to lower
pleasures. But, this idea praised all kinds of pleasure.
REASONS:
• It will probably reduce in the long run.
• “higher” pleasure (friendship and study) are at least as
important as “pleasures of the esh”
• Agreed with the idea that virtuous people live in good life.
• Hedonistic view of good life is dominant in Western culture.
• Good life emphasizes subjective experiences.
The Ful lled Life
• Aristotle, a good life is a happy life.
• Living a good life must be both morally good person and
involve many and varied pleasurable experience.
• Living well is objectivist rather than subjectivist.
CONDITIONS:
• Virtue
• Health
• Prosperity
• Friendship
• Respect
• Luck
• Engagement
MEANINGFUL LIFE
Living meaningfully does not equate to the number of
successful children in the future. But, living in the profession
with great dedication and for a cause.
FINISHED LIFE
Living well does not end the moment a person dies. But, it
should continue even he is long gone. A good life is one that is
both enviable and admirable in all ways.
DIFFERENT SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS
• MATERIALISM
(460-370BC) – it was
comfort, founded
pleasure, by
and Leucippus
wealth and
are theDemocritus
only
highest goal.
• HEDONISM – Epicurus believe
and maximize their total pleasure. that an individual must indulge
• STOICISM
Itbehavior. – Zeno
asserts virtue is of Citium
happiness (3
rd Century
and BC)
judgment founded
must be this idea.
based on
enterprise. Its purpose is practical application than intellectual
• THEISM – the basis of happiness is the communion with God.
• HUMANISM - humans have the right to create their own lives.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ACHIEVING GOOD LIFE
Technologies lead to a good life as it is responsible for
advancement in all sectors of the economy as it provides us
means to accomplished things easily and faster.
However, it can also a ect us negatively if we misuse it.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY
When Technology and
Humanity Cross
Module 7
Learning Objectives
At the end of the discussion, students are expected to:
1. Identify the di erent technological advancement in society;
2. Describe the development of Science and Technology in the
Philippines; and
3. Discuss the e ects of the interplay between technology and
humanity through the dilemmas they face.
TECHNOLOGY
• from the Greek word “techne” and “logos” which mean art
and word. Thus, it means a discourse on arts.
• In the 17th Century,stit was only used to talk about arts.
However, in the 21 Century, art is no longer the only topic
included.
• It makes life so much easier and more convenient.
• Technology has become a necessity and no longer a want.
TELEVISION SETS, MOBILE PHONES,
COMPUTERS and HUMANITY
According to Kantar Media, 92% of urban homes and 70% of
rural homes in the Philippines owns at least one television set.
With the data given above, Manila Times (2014) states
that it is the reason why television remains the ultimate
medium for advertisement. It was believed that Filipinos had a
big fascination of television.
The current count of households with TV sets reached up
to 15.135M (Noda, 2012).
TELEVISION was a product of di erent
experiments by various people:
• PAUL GOTTLIEB NIPKOW
- German student in the late 1800s
- He successfully send images through wires
with the aid of rotating metal disk, which is
called electric telescope that had 18 lines
of resolution.
 TELEVISION was a product of di erent
experiments by various people:
• ALAN ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL-SWINTON
• BORIS ROSING
- Swinton is an English Scientist and Boris a
Russian scientist, they both created a new
system of television by using a cathode ray
tube.
- These invention rises two types of television
(mechanical and electronic television)
MOBILE PHONES
- It is considered as a “must-have” among young Filipinos (ABS
– CBN News, 2010).
- IPSOS MEDIA ATLAS PHILIPPINES NATIONWIDE URBAN
SURVEY on 2011-2012 indicates that in every one in three
Filipinos can’t live without their mobile phones.
- 30% of the Philippines urban population nationwide said that
mobile phones are necessities in life (Roa, 2012).
MARTIN COPPER
• A senior engineer at Motorola
• On the 3rd day of April 1973, he made the world’s rst mobile
phone call. It weighted 1.1 kg and measured 228.6 x 44.4 mm.
• His device was able for a 30-minute talk time. Yet, it needs 10
hours to charge.
• In 1983, Motorola made their rst commercial mobile phone
available to the public which is Motorola DynaTAC 8000X.
COMPUTERS AND LAPTOP
Even though every Filipino households were able to have one
television set and a mobile phone, that is not the case for the
laptop or computer. In fact, most pro ts of computers and
laptop manufacturers were from businesses and o ces or
schools.
5.4 % of the 3.6 trillion value output of all manufacturing
establishments came form computers and peripheral
equipment and accessories (PSA, 2013)
CHARLES BABBAGE
• 19th Century English Mathematics professor.
• He designed the ANALYTICAL ENGINE.
- the basic framework of the computers.
• Computers can be classi ed into 3 generations. Each
generations of the computers were used for a certain period
of time and gave new and improved version of the previous
one (Steitz, n.d.).
• In April 1981, the Osborne 1 - the 1st true portable computer
was released.
A typical household owns at least four of the following devices
(Philstar, 2013):
• mobile phone – 89%
• Smartphone – 53%
• Tablet – 14 %
• Desktop – 39%
• Laptop & Netbooks – 37 %
• Smart TV – 4%
FACTS ABOUT THE USE OF GADGETS
AND INTERNET
ROLES PLAYED BY THESE
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Television sets, mobile phone, and computers or laptops all
have di erent functions and played di erent roles in the lives
of people.
• TELEVISION – a platform for advertisements and information
dissemination. It is also the most used medium and venue by
di erent advertising companies not only in the Philippines
but also all over the world. Moreover, it is used for
recreational activity and stress reliever to most Filipinos. It is
also a good platform for propagandas, and advocacies and a
good way to bond with the family.
ROLES PLAYED BY THESE
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Television sets, mobile phone, and computers or laptops all
have di erent functions and played di erent roles in the lives
of people.
• MOBILE PHONES – primarily used for communication. It
provides services like texting and calling. It is also used to
browse to internet, take pictures which results to why people
prefer to buy the new models than the old.
- It is like an all-in-one device (due to di erent
applications and features). It is very portable and convenient
to use.
ROBOTICS and HUMANITY
ROBOTS is another product of people which is widely used.
The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) made it
their task to formulate working de nition for service robots.
• A ROBOT is actuated mechanism programmable in two or
more axes with degree of AUTONOMY (ability to perform
intended tasks based on the current state and sensing
human intervention), moving within its environment to
perform intended tasks.
ROBOTICS and HUMANITY
ROBOTS is another product of people which is widely used.
The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and United
Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) made it
their task to formulate working de nition for service robots.
• A SERVICE ROBOT performs useful tasks for humans or
equipment excluding industrial automation application.
• A PERSONAL ROBOT is a service robot that is used for
noncommercial task, usually by laypersons such as domestic
servant robot, automated wheelchair, personal mobility assist
robot, and pet exercising robot.
ROLES PLAYED BY ROBOT
Robots have their own sets of rules and characteristics that
de ne what a good robot is. These laws were formulated by
ISAAC ASIMOV back in the 1940s, when he was thinking of the
ethical consequences of robots.
- A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction,
allow a human being to come to harm.
- A robot must obey the orders given by human beings except
where such order would con ict the rst law.
- A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not con ict with the rst and second rule.
THANK YOU!
ACTIVITY:
Based on the Laws formulated by Isaac Asimov that de nes a
good robot. Who should be held accountable if someone’s
safety is compromised by a robot, the robot itself or the
inventor? Why?
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
& SOCIETY
Module 8
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, student will be able to:
• De ne Information Age
• Trace the development of Information Age
• Learn how technology functions
INFORMATION AGE
- Also known as Computer Age, Digital Age or New Middle Age
- it is a historical period that began in the late 20th century.
- It is characterized by a rapid shift from the traditional industry
through INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
- It is the idea of access to and control of information.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AGE
INFORMATION ANXIETY
According to Richard Wuman, the abundance of
information was di culty since dissemination of
information evolved, as human evolved. Due to the
evolvement, the information were no longer kept from
ourselves but rather share to others. Thus, it was
di cult to collect and manage.
Four period of the Information Age
PRE-MECHANICAL PERIOD (3,000 BC –
1450 AD)
It can be de ned as the time people
started communicating through the
use of language or simple picture
drawings knows as petroglyths.
Four period of the Information Age
MECHANICAL PERIOD (1450 - 1840)
It can be described as the
connections between our current
technology and its ancestors. It is the
age where a large explosion of
inventions such as slide rule (an
analog computer for multiplying and
dividing) .
Four period of the Information Age
ELECTROMECHANICAL PERIOD (1840
- 1940)
This is the period that can be
described as the beginning of
telecommunication. The TELEGRAPH
was created in the 1800s.
Four period of the Information Age
ELECTRONIC PERIOD (1940 - present)
This is the period that we are
currently living. The computer ENIAC
was primarily used by the US Army
for artillery ring tables. The
invention of personal computers had
become widespread by the end of
the 1980s.
INTERNET
It was used mainly by scientist to communicate with other
scientist. It remained under the government control until 1984.
The development of FIBER OPTIC was due to the problem
caused by internet speed. It allowed billions of bits of
information to be received every minute/
In the early 1990s, the WORLD WIDE WEB was mainly used for
commercial purposes. Business created home page where they
could place text and graphics to sell products.
ELECTRONIC MAIL or EMAIL
A new form of communication was introduced. It as a
convenient way to send a message to associates or friends.
Messages could be sent and received at the convenience of
the individual.
LIVING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
The impact of IT has been enormous on various domains
including education. Computers and the information they
process and store have transformed every aspect of the society.
IT is composed of computer, networks, mobile and wireless
devices, satellite communications, robotics, videotext, cable
television, electronic mail, and etc.
 SOME ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
GLOBALIZATION
It has brought the world closer together, led to sharing of
information more quickly and e ciently. Enabled countries to
share ideas and information with each other.
COMMUNICATION
It has made it more accessible by being cheaper, quicker, and
more e cient.
 SOME ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
COST EFFECTIVENESS
It has led computerization of business processes and increased
productivity that gave more pro ts, better pay and working
conditions.
CREATION OF NEW JOBS
It has led to opening up to opportunity for computer
programmers, system analysts, hardware and software
developers and web designers
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
& SOCIETY
Module 8
WHAT CAUSES GLOBAL WARMING?
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
• Rising of Sea Level
• Melting of Ice
• Heatwaves and droughts
• Changing ecosystems
• Reduced Food Security
• Pests and Disease
THANK YOU!!!