Ratio and Proportion - Class Handout (Final)

CSAT – by Team of IITians
[Paper - 2]
Ratio and Proportion?

Ratio
• Ratio is comparison of two numbers.
• It is represented as a : b or a/b
• Multiplication or division of each term of a ratio by a constant does not
affect the ratio.
Proportion
• The equality of two ratios is called as proportion.
a : b :: c : d
or
a/b = c/d
Here, a and d are called Extreme Terms, b and c are called Mean Terms.
• Mean, Direct and Inverse proportional
o If three quantities a, b and c are in continued proportion, then a : b = b : c; ac = b2; b
is called mean proportional
o We say that a is directly proportional to b, a µ b ; if a = kb for some constant k
o We say that a is inversely proportional to b, aµ1/b ; if a = k /b for some constant k
Partnership
• A partnership is an association of two or more persons who invest their
money in order to carry on a certain business. Here, Profit is shared in
the same ratio of Invested amount
To Remember:
CONCEPT 1
If Ratio is given as a:b:c, and if you want to find our real values, just assume the real values to be ax, bx and cx. Then,
finally solve for x
CONCEPT 2
if a:b and b:c are given, then make value of b equal in both ratios to find a:b:c
CONCEPT 3
If ratios are given in fractions, then, take LCM and and multiply each ratio with LCM
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[Paper - 2]
CONCEPT 1: If Ratio is given as a:b:c, and if you want to find our real values, just assume the real values to be ax,
bx and cx. Then, finally solve for x
Example 1: Divide 70 in the ratio 3 : 7
Example 2: In a class of 49 students, the ratio of girls to boys is 4:3. If 4 girls leaves the class,
the ratio of girls to boys will be:
(a) 11:7
(b) 8:7
(c) 6:5
(d) 9:8
CONCEPT 2: if a:b and b:c are given, then make value of b equal in both ratios to find a:b:c
Example 1: If a:b = 3:5 and b:c = 6:9 then a:b:c is
Example 2: 8 oranges cost as much as 5 apples, 5 apples as much as 3 mangoes, 4 mangoes as

much as 8 pineapples. If 3 pineapples cost Rs 36, then an orange cost is:
(a) 18
(b) 9
(c) 6
(d) 10
[Paper - 2]
CONCEPT 3: If ratios are given in fractions, then, take LCM and and multiply each ratio with LCM
! # "
Example 1: 𝐼𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑠 " , $ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 #
Example 2: A sum of Rs 2500 is distributed among X,Y and Z in the ratio 1/2 : 3/4 : 5/6. What is
the difference between the maximum and minimum share? [CSAT 2020]
(a) Rs 300 (b) Rs 350 (c) Rs 400 (d) Rs 450
PROPORTION
Example-1: If 9, 6, x are in continued proportion, then what is the value of x?
Example-2: Find mean proportion between 9 & 4.
Example-3: Find the value of 4th proportion to 5, 7 & 15
[Paper - 2]
PARTNERSHIPS
Example-1: Three partner Rahul, Puneet and Chandan invest Rs. 1600, Rs. 1800 and Rs.
2300 respectively in a business. How should they divide a profit of Rs. 399?
Example-2: Three persons A, B, C rent the grazing of a park for Rs. 570. A puts in 126 oxen
in the park for 3 months, B puts in 162 oxen for 5 months and C puts in 216 oxen for 4
months. What part of the rent should each person pay?
[Paper - 2]
Q1) Ram, Anil and Atul agree to buy Rs 10 worth of lottery ticket with Aman
contributing Rs 5, Anil Rs 3 and Atul Rs 2. They agree that if they win anything with
this ticket, it should be shared out in the same ratio as their contributions. If they win
Rs 25000, how much does Anil get?
a) Rs 3000
b) Rs 6500
c) Rs 7500
d) Rs 9000
Q2) If Rs 782 be divided into three part, proportional to 1/2 : 2/3 : 3/4, then the first
part is:
(a) Rs. 182
(b) Rs. 190
(c) Rs. 196
(d) Rs. 204
Q3) If A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4, then A/B : B/C : C/A is equal to:

(a) 4 : 9 : 16
(b) 8 : 9 : 12
(c) 8 : 9 : 16
(d) 8 : 9 : 24
[Paper - 2]
Q4) Rs 49 have been divided among 150 children. If each girl gets 50 paise and each boy
gets 25 paise, then the number of boys is?
a) 100
b) 104
c) 102
d) 106
Q5) The salaries of A, B and C are in the ratio 5:3:2. If the increments of 20%, 10% and
20% are allowed in their salaries, then what will be the new ratio of their salaries?
a) 22 : 11 : 9
b) 22 : 10 : 8
c) 20 : 11 : 8
d) 20 : 10 : 9
Q6) The ratio of number of boys and girls in a college is 7:8. If the percentage increase
in the number of boys and girls be 20% and 10% respectively. What will be the new
ratio?
a) 8:9
b) 17:18
c) 21:22
d) Cannot be determined
[Paper - 2]
Q7) In a rare coin collection, there is one gold coin for every three non gold coins. 10
more gold coins are added to the collection and the ratio of gold coins to non-gold coins
would be 1:2. Based on the information, the total number of coins in the collection now
becomes [CSAT 2013]
a) 90
b) 80
c) 60
d) 50
Q8) The income of two persons A and B are in the ratio 5:7. If each save Rs 1200 per
month, the ratio of their expenditure is 1:2. Find their incomes?
a) 1000, 2000
b) 2000, 2800
c) 1500, 2000
d) 2500, 3000
Q9) The monthly incomes of X and Y are in the ratio 4:3 and their monthly expenses
are in the ratio 3:2. However each save Rs 6000 per month, What is their total monthly
income? [CSAT 2017]
a) 36000, 27000
b) 24000, 18000
c) 40000, 30000
d) 25000, 17500
[Paper - 2]
Q10) Mrs X spends Rs 535 in purchasing some shirts and ties for her husband. If shirts
cost Rs 43 each and the ties cost Rs 21 each, then what is the ratio of the shirts to the
ties, that are purchased:
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 3 : 4
[Paper - 2]
PRACTICE
SET
HOME WORK
[Paper - 2]
BASIC LEVEL
Q1. The prices of a scooter and a television Q6. Rs.1400 is divided among Amla,Bimla
set are in the ratio 3:2. If a scooter costs Rs. and Simla so that Amla receives half as
6000 more than the television set, the price much as Bimla and Bimla half as much as
of the television set is? Simla. Then Simla's share is:
a) 6000 a) 200
b) 10000 b) 400
c) 12000 c) 800
d) 18000 d) 600
Q2. Pramod started a business with Rs. Q7. Manika and Neetu went to a trip to
40000. After 4 months Vikas also joined Jaipur. They had 15 and 12 breads
him with Rs. 60000. If at the end of the respectively. Swati joined them and
year, the profit is Rs. 16000, what is the contributed Rs. 81 and each get equal
share of Vikas in the profit? number of breads. How much amount
a) 8000 should be paid by Swati to Neetu?
b) 10000 a) 27
c) 4000 b) 25
d) 6000 c) 50
d) 29
Q3. Which number when added to each of
the numbers 24, 32 and 42 would make the
sums to be in continued proportion? Q8. The ratio of the first and second-class
a) 4 fares between the two stations is 6:4 and the
b) 5 number of passengers traveling by first and
c) 6 second-class is 1:30. If Rs. 2100 is collected
d) 8 as fare, what is the amount collected from
first class passengers?
a) Rs 250
Q4. If the ratio between two numbers is b) Rs 100
8:17 , then what number should be c) Rs 150
subtracted to make the ratio 2:5? d) Rs 200
a) 2
b) 4
c) 5 Q9. In a bag, there are coins of 25 p, 10 p
d) 3 and 5 p in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3. If there is Rs.
30 in all, how many 5 p coins are there?
Q5. A and B entered into partnership A a) 50
invests Rs. 16,000 for 8 months and B b) 100
remains in the business for 4 months. Out c) 150
of a total profit, B claims 2/7 of the profit. d) 200
B contributed?
a) Rs. 11900
b) Rs. 10500 Q10. If 6 (A's capital) = 8 (B's capital) = 10
c) Rs. 13600 (C's capital) then the ratio of their capitals
d) Rs. 12800 is?
a) 3:4:5
[Paper - 2]
b) 20:15:12 Q13. The proportion of Zinc and Copper in

c) 12:15:20 a brass piece is 13:7. How much zinc will
d) 6:8:10 be there in 100 kg of such a piece?
a) 20 kg
Q11. Four milkmen rented a pasture. A b) 35 kg
grazed 18 cows for 4 months, B grazes 25 c) 65 Kg
cows for 2 months, C grazes 28 cows for 5 d) 55 kg
months and D, 21 cows for 3 months. If A's
share of rent is Rs. 360, the total rent of the Q14. A, B and C invested their capitals in
field is? the ratio of 5:6:8. At the end of the business,
a) 1625 they received the profits in the ratio of
b) 1500 5:3:1. Find the ratio of time for which they
c) 1650 contributed their capitals?
d) 1600 a) 8:4:1
b) 5:6:8
Q12. The Ratio Between the rates of c) 25:18:8
walking of A and B is 2: 3. If the time taken d) 12:9:7
by B to cover a certain distance is 36
minutes, then time taken by A to cover that
much distance is? Q15. The ratio of the radii of two cylinders
a) 52 min is 2:3, and the ratio of their heights is 5:3.
b) 24 min The ratio of their volumes will be:
c) 48 min a) 9:4
d) 54 min b) 20:27
c) 4:9
d) 27:20
1 C 6 C 11 A
2 A 7 A 12 D
3 D 8 B 13 C
4 A 9 C 14 A
5 D 10 B 15 B
[Paper - 2]
ADVANCED LEVEL
Q1) A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B, C, D in the proportion of 5 : 2 : 4 : 3. If
C gets Rs 1000 more than D, what is B’s share?
(a) Rs. 500
(b) Rs. 1500
(c) Rs. 2000
(d) None of these
Q2) In an express train, the passengers travelling in A.C. sleeper class, First class and Sleeper
class are in the ratio 1:2:7, and rate for each class is in the ratio 5 : 4 : 2. If the total income
from this train is Rs 54, 000, find the income of Indian Railways from A.C. sleeper class?
(a) Rs. 12,000
(b) Rs. 20,000
(c) Rs. 22,000
(d) Rs. 10,000
Q3) In a class, there are 18 very tall boys. If these constitute three-fourths of the boys and
the total number of boys is two-thirds of the total number of students in the class, what is
the number of girls in the class?
a. 6
b. 12
c. 18
d. 21
Q4) In a group of persons, 70% of the persons are male and 30% of the persons are married.
If two-seventh of the males are married, what fraction of females is single?
a. 2/7
b. 1/3
c. 3/7
d. 2/3
Q5) A and B entered into partnership investing Rs 16000 and Rs 12000 respectively. After 3
more months, A withdrew Rs 5000 while B invested Rs 5000 more. After 3 more months, C
joins the business with a capital of Rs 21000. After 1 year, they received a profit of Rs 26400.
The share of B exceeds that of C by how much?
a. Rs 3200
b. Rs 3400
c. Rs 3600
d. Rs 3800
1 C 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 C
[Paper - 2]
SOLUTIONS – BASIC LEVEL
Q1. Solution: Option C Q6. Solution: Option C

Explanation: Explanation:
• Let the price of a scooter be Rs. 3x • Let Amla's share = Rs. x.
and that of a television set Rs. 2x. • Then, Bimla's share = Rs.2x
• Then, 3x - 2x = 6000 ⇒ x = 6000 • Simla's share = Rs.4x
• Cost of a television set = 2x = Rs. • Amla:Bimla:Simla = x:2x:4x=1:2:4
12000 • Hence, Simla's share = 1400*4/7 =
Rs.800
Q2. Solution: Option A
Explanation: Q7. Solution: Option A
• Ratio between the investment of Explanation:
Pramod and Vikas = 40000 x • Total number of breads with Neetu
12:60000 x 8 and Manika is 27. So, each of them
• 480000:480000 = 1:1 will have 9 breads each.
• Total profit = Rs. 16000 • The cost of 9 breads is Rs. 81 (Swati’s
• Share of Vikas in profit = 16000/2 = contribution)
Rs. 8,000 • Therefore, cost of 1 bread is 81/9= Rs.
9
Q3. Solution: Option D • Swati got 3 breads from Neetu. So she
Explanation: has to pay = 9×3=Rs. 27
• Let the number to be added is x.
• (24+ x) / (32 + x) = (32 + x) / (42 + x). Q8. Solution: Option B
• Solving for x, we get x = 8. Explanation:
• First class : Second
Q4. Solution: Option A class
Explanation: Fare 6x : 4x
Let the number to be subtracted from each Passengers 1 : 30
term be x • Total fare = 6x:120x =x:20x. So total
According to the question fair is 20x+x = 21x
(8−x)/(17−x) = 2/5 • The amount collection from 1st class
34−2x= 40−5x passenger = (2100 x 1/21) = Rs.100
3x = 6
x= 2 Q9. Solution: Option C
Explanation:
Q5. Solution: Option D • Let the number of 25 p, 10 p and 5 p
Explanation: coins be x, 2x, 3x respectively.
• Please Note: Here 2/7 part of total • Sum of their values= 0.25*x+
profit belongs to B, Hence profit 0.1*2x+0.05*3x =30 Rs
which will belong to A will be (1 – • So, x=50
2/7) part of profit, that is 5/7 • Hence, the number of 5 p coins = (3 x
• Ratio of profits of A and B = 5/7:2/7 = 50) = 150.
5:2
• (16000 x 8)/(N x 4) = 5/2 ⇒ 20N =
25600
• N = 12800
• So, B contributed Rs. 12800.
[Paper - 2]
Q10. Solution: Option B • Since Total value given is 100 kg, we

Explanation: have
• Let 6 (A's capital) = 8 (B's capital) = 13x + 7x = 100
10 (C's capital) = k Therefore, 20x = 100
• Then A's capital = k/6 B's capital = k/8 x=5
and C's capital = k/10 • We know that actual value of zinc is
• Ratio of capitals of A, B, and C = (k/ 13x, hence, zinc weight is 13x5 = 65
6):(k/8):(k/10) = 20 : 15 : 12. kg
Q11. Solution: Option A Q14. Solution: Option A

Explanation: Explanation:
• Ratio of rent = (18 x 4) : (25 x 2) : (28 • Here, We know that profits are
x 5) : (21 x 3) = 72 : 50 : 140 : 63 distributed in the ratio of TOTAL
• Here actual value of rent can be CAPITAL INVESTED over the
assumed as 72x, 50x, 140x and 63x period of time.
[Concept 1] • Hence, Total capital invested by A:
• Let the rent of A be = Rs. 72x Capital of A x time for which it is
• Then A's share = 72x = 360, hence, x invested = Ca x Ta
=5 • Now, Profits will be distributed in the
• Therefore, Total rent = 72x + 50x + ratio of Total capital invested by each
140x + 63x = Rs. 1625 A,B and C
• Therefor,
Q12. Solution: Option D Total Capital Invested will be in the
Explanation: ratio: Ca x Ta : Cb x Tb : Cc x Tc
• Here you will use the simple concept We already know Ca : Cb : Cc is given
of Speed or Rate of walking = as 5:6:8
Distance/Time • Also, given, profit ratio as p1:p2:p3 = 5
• Hence, Speed is inversely proportional :3:1
to Time taken. • Hence, Ca x Ta : Cb x Tb : Cc x Tc =
• Let Speed of A be 2x and speed of B 5:3:1
be 3x Or 5 x Ta : 6 x Tb : 8 x Tc = 5:3:1
• Then, Time taken = Distance/Speed • Therefore,
• Time taken by A = D/2x Ta = 1
• Time Taken by B = D/3x Tb = ½
• (Time taken by A)/(Time taken by B) Tc = 1/8
= (D/2x)/( D/3x) = 3/2 • Hence, Ta : Tb : Tc = 8:4:1. [Used
• Given, Time taken by B = 36 minutes Concept 3]
• Therefore, time taken by A is = 3/2 x
36 Q15. Solution: Option B
Explanation:
• Time taken by A = 54 min
• Ratio of radii of two cylinders =2:3
and the ratio of heights =5:3
Q13. Solution: Option C πr12h1
• Ratio of volumes of cylinders = 2
Explanation: πr2 h2
• Let the actual value of zinc and copper = (2x2x5)/(3x3x3)= 20/27
be 13x and 7x respectively. = 20:27

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CSAT – by Team of IITians

Ratio and Proportion?

Example 1: Divide 70 in the ratio 3 : 7

Example 1: If a:b = 3:5 and b:c = 6:9 then a:b:c is

Example 2: 8 oranges cost as much as 5 apples, 5 apples as much as 3 mangoes, 4 mangoes as

Example-1: If 9, 6, x are in continued proportion, then what is the value of x?

Example-2: Find mean proportion between 9 & 4.

Example-3: Find the value of 4th proportion to 5, 7 & 15

Q3) If A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4, then A/B : B/C : C/A is equal to:

b) 20:15:12 Q13. The proportion of Zinc and Copper in

SOLUTIONS – BASIC LEVEL

Q1. Solution: Option C Q6. Solution: Option C

Q10. Solution: Option B • Since Total value given is 100 kg, we

Q11. Solution: Option A Q14. Solution: Option A

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