PRACTICAL FILE

ON
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CODE : 402

SESSION : 2024-2025

SUBMITTED BY : RAHIM PANWAR SUBMITTED TO: MANI MA’AM

STUDENT NAME : RAHIM PANWAR

ROLL NO.: 35
CLASS & SECTION: X- D

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Acknowledgeme
nt
I would like to convey my heartful
thanks to Mani ma’am who always
gave valuable suggestions and
guidance for completion of my
project.
She helped me to understand and
remember important details of the
project. My project has been a
success only because of his
guidance. I am especially indented
& I am also beholden to my friends.
And finally I thank to the members
of my family for their support and
encouragement.

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 INDEX
S. Name of the Practical Page No.
No.
1. Paragraph on Noise pollution 4
2. Image Filters and Graphic Filters 5
3. Report on Environmental Pollution 6
(The steps to add table of contents)
4. The steps to change the background colour 7
of TOC
5. Positioning Image 8
6. Data consolidation 10
7. Subtotals 12
8. Goal seek 13
9. Definitions 14
10. Project Work 15

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 Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is a major environmental issue caused by

excessive and unwanted sounds from traffic, industries,
construction, and even loudspeakers. It affects not only
human health but also animals and the environment.
Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to hearing
problems, stress, and sleep disturbances. Wildlife also
suffers as it disrupts their communication and habitats.
Controlling noise pollution requires steps like using
soundproof materials, regulating vehicle horns, and raising
awareness about its harmful effects. A quieter environment
not only ensures better health but also promotes peace and
harmony in society.

There are many predefined Styles in Writer, which can

be accessed by using the following methods:
(i) Using Style option from Menu Bar
(ii) Using Style Drop Down list box, from the Toolbar. The current
paragraph style is displayed in the textbox. If the Toolbar is
not visible then, click on View>Toolbars, and enable
Formatting/“Formatting (Styles)”.
(iii) Using Sidebar Menu. On the Sidebar, clicking on Styles icon,
displays the Style sub-menu
(iv) Using keyboard shortcut — F11 function key.

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The steps to apply any filter on an
image
To apply any of the tools from image toolbar, select the image
on which tool is to be applied and then click on the tool.
Clicking on the colour button will display the colour drop down
list. It consists of six components in the drop down list
One can increase or decrease the percentage of these
components. The first components represent the three
primary colours Red, Green and Blue, respectively. The fourth
component represent the Brightness, fifth component
represent the Contrast and last sixth component represent the
Gamma. Clicking on Image Filter opens up a window with 11
filters

Four Graphic Filters:

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The steps to add table of contents
to the document with the heading
are:

Step 1. Open the document in LibreOffice Writer.

Step 2. Select Insert > Table of Contents and Index >
Table of Contents, Index or Bibliography. The Table of
Contents, Index and Bibliography dialog box will be
displayed.
Step 3. In the Type the Titles text box, type Rimjhim’s
Table of Contents.
Step 4. Click OK. The Table of Contents will be inserted
in Rimjhim’s document.

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The steps to change the
background colour of
TOC:

Step 1. To update the ToC, right-click anywhere in the

ToC. From the pop-up menu, select Update Index
option.
Step 2. To apply a coloured background, right click anywhere
on the ToC and select Edit Index option from the popup menu.
Step 3. From the Table of Contents, Index or Bibliography
dialog box, select the Background tab. The current background
color will be displayed in the Active Color window.
Step 4. Click the Color button on the top of the dialog box.
Step 5. Select the desired color from the Colors palette. The
selected color will appear in the New color window.
Step 6. Click OK to apply the desired color to the ToC.

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 Positioning Image
Once the task of creating, formatting, resizing and grouping
the drawing object is complete, it has to be positioned in the
document with text and other image or drawings.

Positioning of an image is controlled by four settings.

(i) Arrangement

In Overlapping objects arrangement determines the

position of the current drawing with respect to other
drawings or text.
These are the six tools in the order of appearance
from left to right, namely Bring to Front, Forward
One, Back One, Send to Back, To Foreground

(ii) Anchoring

It acts as a reference point for image or drawing.

Anchoring allows an image to retain its position to a
page, paragraph, character or frame. Clicking on the

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 downward arrow you can observe that an image can
be anchored to Page, Paragraph, Character or Frame.
So whenever a page, paragraph, character or frame
is aligned, the anchored image moves along with it.

(iii) Alignment

It allows the vertical or horizontal placement of the

image with respect to its anchor. Alignment tools are
located under Drawing Properties Toolbar. An image
can be aligned in six different styles – 3 horizontal
and 3 vertical.

(iv) Text Wrapping

It allows the placement of image in relation to text.

Text Wrapping tools are available under Drawing
Object Properties Toolbar. There are six choices,
namely Wrap off, Page Wrap, Optimal Page Wrap,
Wrap left, Wrap right, Wrap through, in the order of
their appearance from left to right.

Table briefly describes these tools

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 Data Consolidation
Consolidate is a function used to combine information from multiple sheets of
the spreadsheet into one place to summarize the information. It is used to
view and compare variety of data in a single spreadsheet for identifying trends
and relationships.

You need to check the following before consolidating data.

• Open each sheet in the spreadsheet and check that the data types must
match which you want to consolidate.

• Match the labels from all the sheets which are used for consolidating.

• Enter the first column as the primary column on the basis of which the data is
to be consolidated.

Example
Let us take an example that we have two branches of our shop
namely ABC and XYZ. We have the Sales records for the month
of January and February of both the branches in two different
sheets named ABC_Branch and XYZ_Branch. Now we have to
consolidate these two sheets to get the sum of both the sheets
monthly to get the insight about the sale as per product and
branch.

Now let us create the following sheets in a spreadsheet sales.

Now let us use the two sheets ‘ABC_Branch’ and ‘XYZ_Branch’ of a

spreadsheet sales.ods which will be consolidated using the following steps:

Step 1. Add a new sheet and rename it as Consolidate

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Step 2. Click on Data > Consolidate or use the keyboard shortcut key ALT+D,
the Consolidate dialog window will open.

Step 3. In the Function box, choose Sum function from the drop down as we
want to add the data from all the sheets.

Step 4. Click in the Source data ranges box and then click on the worksheet
ABC_Branch and select the area to be consolidated and then click on the Add
button will add the copy reference in the consolidation ranges

Step 5. Click on the sheet XYZ_Branch and select the area to be consolidated
and then click on ADD will add the next consolidation range.

Step 6. Click on the ‘+’ sign next to Options in the Consolidate dialog window to
change the settings. ‘Consolidate by’ has two options Row labels and Column
labels. Check row label or column label or both if you want to consolidate it by
matching the label. If Link to source data is checked, then it will keep on
updating the data of the Consolidate sheet automatically if there is any change
made in the selected ranges.

Step 7. Click on ‘Copy results to’ and then click on any of the cell in the
Consolidate sheet where you want to copy the final result after consolidation.

Step 8. Click on OK button. It will display the Consolidate sheet with data after
consolidation.

The consolidated sheet will have all the consolidated data along with the
original data. You can view the original data of both the sheets and by clicking
on the ‘+’ sign in front of the consolidated row.

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 Subtotals
The Subtotal tool in Calc creates the group automatically and applies
common functions like sum, average on the grouped data. One can use
any type of summary function for each column as per the requirement
of data analysis. It can group subtotals by using category and sorts
them in ascending or descending order so that one need not to use
filters.

EXAMPLE

Let us take an example to store marks in various subjects by students

of Class X. To take out the average of the subjects scored in each
class, use the subtotal tool which automatically group the data on a
particular column and perform the selected function on any of the
column

To solve this, perform the following steps:

Step 1. Create a sheet to take the marks for students in a term for a class

Step 2. Now, to calculate the average marks scored by the students

of each class in each subject, i.e. class-wise and subject analysis.

Step 3. To do so, click on Data > Subtotal, the subtotal dialog will
open.
Step 4. Choose the column i.e. Class under Group by in the 1st Group on which
we need to group the whole data. Also, select the subjects i.e. English, Hindi,
Maths, Science and Social Science under Calculate subtotals for. For each

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subject click on the Average under Use function individually otherwise Sum
function will be used by default.

Step 5. Click OK

Goal seek
It general we fill in the values in the cells and then create formula on

these values to get the required result. To predict the output, we keep

on changing all the input values to obtain the desired output. Goal

seek helps in finding out the input for the specific output.

EXAMPLE

For example, if you want to know the number of units

produced to get the desired output then use Goal seek
analysis tool.
Follow the following steps to use Goal seek tool.
Step 1. Enter the values in the worksheet.

Step 2. Write the formula in the cell where the calculation has to be used.

Step 3. Place the cursor in the formula cell, choose Tools > Goal Seek.

Step 4. The Goal seek dialog window will appear as shown in Fig. 4.27, the
Formula cell box will have the correct formula.

Step 5. Place the cursor on the Variable cell box and click on the cell that
contains the value to be changed.

Step 6. Enter the desired result in the Target value box.

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Step 7. Click on OK button.

DEFINITIONS
 Primary Key:

A primary key or simply a key is a field that uniquely identifies a row in a

table. The key identifier can be the value of a single column or of multiple
columns. The primary key is a unique identifier for the table. The column
or combinations of columns that form the primary key have unique values.
At any time, no two rows in the table can neither have same values for the
primary key nor can data value for such field be left blank.

For example, in a student table, each student has a unique roll no., which
forms the primary key.

 Composite Primary Key:

If, in a table we use more than one fields to identify a record, it is known as
a composite key.
For example, we may form a composite key consisting of fields roll no.
and name.

 Foreign Key:
If a field or a combination of fields of one table can be used to uniquely identify
records of another table, then that particular field is known as the foreign key. This
foreign key helps to build a relation between two tables.

For example, In Student Registration Table, ‘Enrollment_Number’ is the primary key

and in the Student Marks Table, ‘Roll_Number’ is the primary key, whereas
‘Enrollment_ Number’ is the foreign key. This foreign key can be used to set a
relation between two tables.

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 PROJECT WORk
DATABASE OF 8 CHOCOLATES

DATA OF CHOCOLATES USING FORM

REPORT

Fields and Field Types

1. Product Name (Text)
2. Manufacturer (Text)
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 3. Price (₹) (Decimal)
4. Weight (g) (Number)
5. Flavour (Text)
Write-Up on a Parent Company

Nestlé
Nestlé, founded in 1866, is a Swiss multinational company known for its
extensive range of food and beverage products. In the confectionery segment,
its flagship brands like KitKat, Perk, and Munch have gained immense
popularity globally.

Products and Innovation:

Nestlé excels in providing affordable, high-quality chocolates that cater to
diverse consumer preferences. Its KitKat bars, with their unique wafer layers
and distinct breakable design, are a global favorite. Perk and Munch, known for
their crispiness and affordability, dominate the Indian market.

Commitment to Sustainability:
Nestlé has undertaken initiatives like the Cocoa Plan, which ensures the ethical
sourcing of cocoa while supporting farmers and communities. The company is
also reducing its environmental footprint by improving packaging and
promoting recycling.

Global Presence:
With operations in over 190 countries, Nestlé continues to innovate and lead in
the confectionery space, maintaining a balance between taste and sustainability.

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