Learning Objectives

1.
Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software,

hardware, data, and the Internet
- An information system consists of several key parts working together in unison. We
have the people. These are individuals and organizations who engage with the system.
They enter data, do tasks, and eventually benefit from the knowledge they provide.
They are like the drivers and passengers of the information system car. Secondly are
the procedures. These are the defined steps and guidelines that govern how the system
is used or how the system functions. They show the flow of information,
decision-making rules, and security protocols. Thirdly, software. The software is the
set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It includes things like operating
systems, application programs, and databases. Along with this, we also have
hardware. This is the physical equipment that handles and stores information. It
involves items like computers, servers, storage devices, and networking equipment.
Next is data. This is the raw information captured, processed, and analyzed by the
system. It can be numbers, text, images, or any other digital format. Think of it as the
fuel that powers the information system engine And lastly, is the Internet. This is a
global network of computers that allows information to be shared and accessed
remotely. It allows systems to connect and expand their reach beyond local
boundaries.
2. Distinguish between system software and application software
- A system software is a type of computer program that is designed to operate a
computer’s hardware and application program. It is essential for booting and running
the system, manages hardware and resources behind the scenes, and is written in
complex languages for direct hardware interaction. An application software, on the
other hand, is designed for more specific tasks like photo editing, writing, or
browsing. It also has a user-friendly interface that allows for more easy interaction,
and it is also vast and diverse, catering to every need.
3. Differentiate between the three kinds of system software programs
- The three kinds of system software programs are as follows: operating systems,
device drivers, and utility software. Operating software is the one that manages
hardware resources, controls user interaction, and provides an interface for application
execution. This kind of software processes management, memory allocation, device
drivers file systems, and security. Device drivers, on the other hand, serve as the
software bridges. They are the ones who translate communication between the OS and
specific hardware devices. They help with efficient data transfer, optimize device
performance, and handle device-specific features. Lastly, utility software. This
consists of maintenance tools as this kind of software enhances, optimizes, and guards
the overall system and data. It improves the system performance, protects against
threats or other serious issues, automates tasks, and troubleshoots problems.
4. Define and compare general-purpose, specialized, and mobile applications
- General-purpose applications are versatile tools applicable to a wide range of tasks
and users. They have broad functionality, and a user-friendly interface, and cater to
various tasks. Specialized applications, on the one hand, are more focused on specific
tasks with more customized features and in-depth functionality. They are precise and
efficient in specific domains, and they have advantageous features for professionals.
5. Identify the four types of computers and the five types of personal computers
- The four types of computers are supercomputers, mainframe computers, midrange
computers, and personal computers. The five types of computers, on the other hand,
are desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables.
6. Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit,
input, output, storage, and communication devices
- The different types of computer hardware are as follows: system unit, input, output,
storage, and communication devices. The system unit is a container that houses most
of the electronic components that make up a computer system. Two of the most
important components of the system unit are the microprocessors and memory.
Secondly are the input and output devices. The input devices translate data and
programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The
most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse. While output devices
translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can
understand. The most common output device is the display, otherwise known as a
monitor.
7. Define data and describe documents, worksheets, databases, and presentation files
- Data refers to raw, unprocessed information such as text, statistics, photos, and
sounds. As previously indicated, processed data becomes information. When data is
stored electronically in files, it can be used immediately as input to the system unit.
Word processors create document files to save memos, term papers, and
correspondence. Then we have worksheet files, which are made by computerized
spreadsheets to assess budgets and forecast sales. Third, there are database files.
These are often generated by database management programs and include highly
organized and structured data. Finally, there are presentation files. These are made by
presentation software to store presentation materials.
8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, cloud computing
and IoT
- Wireless connectivity, cloud computing, and IoT power the mobile Internet. Cloud
computing shifts numerous computer activities from a user's computer to
Internet-connected computers. Wireless communication, on the other hand, has
transformed how we communicate with one another. With just one click, we can
connect and converse with those who live far away. This is only the beginning of the
wireless revolution, which will fundamentally revolutionize the way we communicate
and use technology. Finally, the Internet of Things (IoT) is the evolution of the
Internet that enables everyday objects equipped with electronic devices to transmit
and receive data via the Internet.

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Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software,

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