NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Science Chapter 16 Li

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NCERT Solutions
for Class 8
Science Chapter
16 Light
October 4, 2019 by Sastry CBSE
NCERT Solutions for

Class 8 Science
Chapter 16 Light
Topics and Sub Topics in Class 8
Science Chapter 16 Light:
Section
Topic Name
Name
16 Light
16.1 What makes Things Visible
16.2 Laws of ReJection
Regular and Diffused

16.3
ReJection
ReJected Light Can be

16.4
ReJected Again
16.5 Multiple Images
Sunlight — White or
16.6
Coloured
16.7 What is inside Our Eyes?
16.8 Care of the Eyes
Visually Impaired Persons

16.9
Can Read and Write
16.10 What is the Braille System?
Light Class 8 Science

NCERT Textbook
Questions
Question 1.
Suppose you are in a dark room. Can you
see objects in the room? Can you see
objects out¬side the room? Explain.
Answer:
When we are in a dark room then we
cannot see objects in the room. We can
see the objects outside the room,
because out of the room the light is
available and the rays of light can enter
our eyes after reJection from the objects.
Question 2.
Differentiate between regular and
diffused reJection. Does diffused
reJection mean the failure of the laws of
reJection?
Answer:
Regular Diffused
ReAection ReAection
(i) The reJected

(i) All the reJected
rays are not
rays are parallel.
parallel.
(ii) It occurs on a (ii) It occurs on
smooth and the rough
polished surface. surface.
(iii) ReJected
(iii) ReJected rays rays are
are in one scattered in
direction. different
directions.
No, diffuse reJection doesn’t mean the

failure of laws of reJection.
Question 3.
Mention against each of the following
whether regular or diffused reJection will
take place when a beam of light strikes.
Justify your answer in each case.
1. Polished wooden table

2. Chalk powder
3. Cardboard surface
4. Marble Joor with water spread over
it
5. Mirror
`. Piece of paper
Answer:
1. Regular reJection will take place

because the surface is plane and
polished.
2. Diffused reJection will take place
because the surface is rough.
3. Diffused reJection will take place
because the surface is smooth and
plane.
because the surface is plane and
polished.
`. Diffused reJection will take place
Question 4.
State the laws of reJection.
Answer:
The laws of reJections are:
The incident ray, the normal and

the reJected ray, all lie in the same
plane.
The angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reJection.
Question 5.
Describe an activity to show that the
incident ray, the reJected ray and the
normal at the point of incidence lie in the
same plane.
Answer:
Activity: To show that the incident ray,
reJected ray and the normal at the point
of incidence lie in the same plane.
Materials Required: Plane mirror, holder,
ray box, etc.
Procedure: Fix sheet of white paper, a
little beyond the edge of the board. Place
a plane mirror strip vertically to the paper
using a stand. Throw light from a ray box
on the mirror. Look at the reJected ray.
Mark the incident ray, normal ray and
reJected ray. Fold the paper which is
beyond the edge of the board. You will
observe that the reJected ray is not seen
in the folded portion of the chart paper.
Now bring the folded portion back to its
original position. The reJected ray of light
is again seen on the page.
Conclusion: The sheet on the board can
be considered as a plane. The incident
ray, the reJected ray, the normal at the
point of incidence lie in the same plane.
Incident ray, reJected ray and normal at

the point of incidence lie in the same
plane
Question 6.
Fill in the blanks in the following.
(a) A person 1 m in front of a plane
mirror seems to be ______ m away from
his image.
(b) If you touch your ______ ear with a
right hand in front of a plane mirror it will
be seen in the mirror that your right ear is
touched with _____
(c) The size of the pupil becomes _______
when you see in dim light.
(d) Night birds have _______ cones than
rods in their eyes.
Answer:
(a) 2
(b) left, left hand
(c) larger
(d) lesser

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7-8.
Question 7.
The angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reJection
(a) Always
(b) Sometimes
(c) Under special conditions
(d) Never
Answer:
(a) Always

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Question 8.
Image formed by a plane mirror is:
(a) virtual, behind the mirror and
enlarged.
(b) virtual, behind the mirror and of the
same size as the object.
(c) real at the surface of the mirror and
enlarged.
(d) real, behind the mirror and of the
Answer:
(b) virtual, behind the mirror and of the

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Question 9.
Describe the construction of a
kaleidoscope.
Answer:
Kaleidoscope is a device based on the
principle of multiple reJections. It
consists of three long and narrow strips
of plane mirrors inclined at an angle of
60° to one another forming prism. This is
jtted in a tube. One end of this tube is
closed by a cardboard disc having a hole
at its centre. To the other end touching
the mirrors plane glass plate is jxed on
which broken pieces of coloured bangles
are placed. This end of the tube is closed
by a ground glass plate.

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Question 10.
Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye.
Answer:
Question 11.
Gurmit wanted to perform Activity 16.8
using a laser torch. Her teacher advised
her not to do so. Can you explain the
basis of the teacher’s advise?
Answer:
Teacher has advised Gurmit not to do so
because laser light is very harmful for her
eyes and can cause a permanent defect
in the eye. Person can even lose his or
her eyesight if laser torch is directed over
the eyes.

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Question 12.
Explain how you can take care of your
eyes.
Answer:
Eyes are very precious. We must take
proper care of them. We must
always sit straight while reading or

writing.
if advised, use suitable spectacles.
wash our eyes with clean water
frequently.
not look at the sun directly.
always read or write in a proper
light.
Question 13.
What is the angle of incidence of a ray if
the reJected ray is at an angle of 90° to
the incident ray?
Answer:
Here, the angle of reJection is 90°. As we
know, according to the laws of reJection
that angle of incidence is equal to angle
of reJection.
Here, the angle between the incident ray
and reJected ray is 90°.
i.e., ∠i + ∠r = 90°
Since, ∠i = ∠r
We can write, ∠i + ∠i = 90°
2∠i = 90°
∠i = 45°
Angle of incidence = 45°.
Question 14.
How many images of a candle will be
formed if it is placed between two
parallel plane mir¬rors separated by 40
cm?
Answer:
Here, mirrors are placed parallel to each
other 40 cm apart. Therefore, the injnite
number of images will be formed.

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Question 15.
Two mirrors meet at right angles. A ray
of light is incident on one at an angle of
30° as shown in Fig. 16.19. Draw the
reJected ray from the second mirror.
Answer:
Question 16.
Boojho stands at A just on the side of a
plane mirror as shown in Fig. 16.21. Can
he see himself in the mirror? Also, can he
see the image of objects situated at P, Q,
and R?
Answer:
No, Boojho can’t see himself in the
mirror. He can see the image of the
object at P and Q but not of R.

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Question 17.
(a) Find out the position of the image of
an object situated at A in the plane mirror
(Fig. 16.23).
(b) Can Paheli at B see this image?
(c) Can Boojho at C see this image?
(d) When Paheli moves from B to C,
where does the image of A move?
Answer:
(a) It is shown in the following jgure.
(b) Yes, Paheli can see the image of A.

(c) Yes, Boojho can see the image of A.
(d) Image of the object at A will not move
as an object is not moving.
Light Class 8 Science

NCERT Intext Activities
Solved
Activity 1 (NCERT Textbook, Page 199)
Fix a white sheet of paper on a drawing
board or a table. Take a comb and close
all its openings except one in the middle.
You can use a strip of black paper for
this purpose. Hold the comb
perpendicular to the sheet of paper.
Throw light from a torch through the
opening of the comb from one side (Fig.
16.5). With slight adjustment of the torch
and the comb you will see a ray of light
along the paper on the other side of the
comb. Keep the comb and the torch
steady. Place a strip of plane mirror in
the path of the light ray (Fig. 16.5). What
do you observe?
Solution:
It is observed that after striking the
mirror, the ray of light is reJected in
another direction.

Perform Activity 16.1 again. This time
use a sheet of stiff paper or a chart
paper. Let the sheet project a little
beyond the edge of the Table (Fig. 16.6).
Cut the projecting portion of the sheet in
the middle. Look at the reJected ray.
Make sure that the reJected ray extends
to the projected portion of the paper.
Bend that part of the projected portion
on which the reJected ray falls. Can you
still see the reJected ray? Bring the
paperback to the original position. Can
you see the reJected ray again? What do
you infer?
Incident ray, reJected ray and the normal

at the point of incidence lie in the same
plane
Solution:
Yes, the reJected ray of light is seen on
the sheet. It is concluded that the entire
sheet jxed on the drawing board
represents a plane. The incident,
reJected ray and the normal lie in the
plane of paper.
Activity 3 (NCERT Textbook, Page201)

A source of light 0 is placed in front of a
plane mirror PQ. Two rays OA and OC are
incident on it (Fig. 16.7). Can you jnd out
the direction of the reJected rays?
Draw normals to the surface of the
mirror PQ, at the points A and C.Then
draw the reJected rays at the points A
and C. How would you draw these rays?
Call the reJected rays AB and CD,
respectively. Extend them further. Do
they meet? Extend them backward. Do
they meet now? If they meet, mark this
point as I. For a viewer’s eye at E (Fig.
16.7), do the reJected rays appear to
come from the point I. Since the reJected
rays do not actually meet at I, but only
appear to do so, we say that a virtual
image of the point O is formed at I. As
you have learnt already in Class VII, such
an image cannot be obtained on a
screen.
Solution:
Image formed by a plane mirror cannot
be obtained on a screen. Thus, plane
mirror forms virtual image.

Imagine that parallel rays are incident on
an irregular surface as shown in Fig.
16.8. Remember that the laws of
reJection are valid at each point of the
surface. Use these laws to construct
reJected rays at various points. Are they
parallel to one another? You will jnd that
these rays are reJected in different
directions. (Fig. 16.9)
Solution:
It is observed that the reJected rays are
not parallel to each other due to
irregularities in the reJecting surface.
This type of reJection is known as
diffused or irregular reJection.

Jake two plane mirrors. Set them at right
angles to each other with their edges
touching (Fig. 16.10).To hinge them you
can use adhesive tape. Place a coin in
between the mirrors. How many images
of the coin do you see (Fig. 16.10)?
Now hinge the mirrors using the

adhesive tape at different angles, say
45°, 60°, 120°, 180°, etc. Place some
object (say a candle) in between them.
Note down the number of images of the
object in each case.
Finally, set the two mirrors parallel to
each other. Find out how many images
of a candle placed between them are
formed (Fig. 16.11).
Solution:
(i) When two plane mirrors are joined at
right angles, then three images are
formed.
(ii) When two plane mirrors are joined at
45°, 7 images are formed.
(iii) When two plane mirrors are joined at
(iv) When two plane mirrors are joined at
(v) When two plane mirrors are joined at
180°, 1 image is formed.
(vi) When the plane mirrors are parallel to
each other, injnite images are formed.

To make a kaleidoscope, get three
rectangular mirror strips each about 15
cm long and 4 cm wide. Join them
together to form a prism as shown in Fig.
16.12(a). Fix them in a circular cardboard
tube or tube of a thick chart paper. Make
sure that the tube is slightly longer than
the mirror strips. Close one end of the
tube by a cardboard disc having a hole in
the centre, through which you can see
[Fig. 16.12(b)]. To make the disc durable,
paste a piece of transparent plastic sheet
under the cardboard disc. At the other
end, touching the mirrors, jx a circular
plane glass plate [Fig. 16.12(c)]. Place on
this glass plate several small pieces of
coloured glass (broken pieces of
coloured bangles). Close this end of the
tube by a ground glass plate. Allow
enough space for the colour pieces to
move around.
Solution:
Variety of patterns are observed in the
tube. Kaleidoscope operates on the
principle of the multiple reJection.

Get a plane mirror of a suitable size.
Place it in a bowl (katori) as shown in Fig.
16.13, Fill the bowl with water. Put this
arrangement near a window in such a
way that direct sunlight falls on the
mirror. Adjust the position of the bowl so
that the reJected light from the mirror
falls on a wall. If the wall is not white, jx
a sheet of white paper on it. ReJected
light will be seen to have many colours.
How can you explain this?
Solution:
The mirror and water form a prism and
breaks up the light into its colours.
Splitting of light into its colours is known
as dispersion of light. Rainbow is a
natural phenomenon showing
dispersion.
Activity 8 (NCERT Textbook, page 206)

Look into your friend’s eye. Observe the
size of the pupil.Throw light on her
eye with a torch. Observe the pupil now.
Switch off the torch, and observe her
pupil once again. Do you notice any
change in the size of the pupil? In which
case was the pupil larger? Why do you
think it was so?
In which case do you need to allow more
light in the eye, when the light is dim or
bright?
Solution:
When the light from the torch falls on the
pupil, its size becomes smaller to allow
less amount of light to enter into the
retina. When light is switched off, pupil
enlarges to allow more light to enter into
the retina. Thus, pupil controls the
amount of light entering into the eye.

Make a round mark and a cross on a
sheet of paper with the spot to the right
of the cross [Fig. 16.14],
The distance between two marks maybe
6-8 cm. Hold the sheet of paper at an
arm’s length from the eye. Close your left
eye. Look continuously at the cross.
Move the sheet slowly towards you,
keeping your eye on the cross. What do
you jnd? Does the round mark disappear
at some point? Now close your right eye.
Look at the round mark now and repeat
the activity. Does the cross disappear?
Solution:
Yes, the cross disappears. The
disappearance of the cross or the round
mark shows that there is a point on the
retina which cannot send messages to
the brain when light falls on it.

Get a square piece of cardboard of size
6-8 cm. Make two holes as shown in Fig.
16.15.Thread a string through the two
holes. Draw/paste a cage on one side of
the cardboard and a bird on the other
side. Twist the string and make the card
twirl rapidly. Do you seethe bird in the
cage?
Solution:
Yes, we can seethe bird in the cage.Thus,
impression of an image persist in retina
for about 1/16th of a second.
NCERT Solutions for

Class 8 Science Chapter
16 – 1 Mark Questions
and Answers
Question 1.
Dejne dispersion of light. [MSE
(Chandigarh) 2007]
Answer:
Splitting up of white light into seven
colours when it passes through a glass
prism is known as dispersion of light.
Question 2.
Name the colours in the order they
appear in the spectrum of light. [MSE
(Chandigarh) 2005]
Answer:
VIBGYOR – Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green,
Yellow, Orange and Red.
Question 3.
Angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reJection. [NCERT]
Always
Sometimes
Under special conditions
Never
Answer:
Always.
Question 4.
Image formed by a plane mirror is
[NCERT]
virtual, behind the mirror and

enlarged.
virtual, behind the mirror and of the
real at the surface of the mirror and
enlarged.
real, behind the mirror and of the
Answer:
virtual, behind the mirror and of the same
size as the object.
Question 5.
What is the angle of incidence of a ray if
the reJected ray is at an angle of 90° to
the incident ray ? [NCERT]
Answer:
The angle of incidence = 45°.
Question 6.
What are the two factors responsible for
an object to be seen ?
Answer:
To be seen an object, the sense of vision
and light are required.
Question 7.
What is meant by normal ?
Answer:
The perpendicular drawn at the point of
incidence is known as normal.
Question 8.
Dejne the angle of incidence.
Answer:
The angle between the incident ray and
the normal is known as angle of
incidence.
Question 9.
What name is given to the angle between
the normal and the reJected ray ?
Answer:
Angle of reJection.
Question 10.
What is meant by lateral inversion ?
[NCT2010]
Answer:
Lateral inversion is the phenomenon of
the interchange of the left and right
sides, between the object and its image.
Question 11.
When the reJected rays are parallel, what
type of reJection is taking place ?
Answer:
Regular reJection.
Question 12.
In irregular reJection, are the reJected
rays parallel or not ?
Answer:
In irregular reJection the reJected rays
are not parallel.
Question 13.
What are illuminated objects ?
Answer:
Objects which reJect the light falling on
them and can be seen are known as
illuminated objects
Question 14.
What is white light ?
Answer:
Sunlight is a mixture of seven colours
also known as white light.
Question 15.
Give one example of natural dispersion.
Answer:
Formation of rainbow.
Question 16.
What is function of iris ?
Answer:
Iris controls the amount of light entering
into the eyes.
Question 17.
What is meant by visually challenged
people ?
Answer:
Visually challenged people have limited
vision to see things.
Question 18.
What are non-optical aids ?
Answer:
Non-optical aids include visual aids,
tactual aids, auditory aids and electronic
aids
Question 19.
What are tactual aids ?
Answer:
Tactual aids include Braille writer, slate
and stylus. They help the visually
challenged persons in taking notes,
reading and writing and in learning
mathematics.
Question 20.
Fill in the blanks :
1. The angle of reJection is ………… to

the angle of incidence.
2. The image formed by a plane
mirror is ………….. inverted with
respect to the object.
3. The …………….. uses two plane mirror
strips each of which is kept inclined
at 45° to the axis of the tube.
Answer:
1. equal
2. laterally
3. periscope.
Question 21.
Write one/two-word answer for each of
the following :
1. The ray of light that bounces back

from a plane mirror.
2. The nature of the image formed by
a plane mirror.
3. The number of images formed by a
pair of parallel plane mirrors.
4. A devices that is often used as
“looking glass”.
Answer:
1. ReJected ray
2. Virtual image
3. Multiple images
4. Mirror.
NCERT Solutions for

and Answers
Question 1.
Which kind of spherical mirrors are used
in vehicles ? Why ? [NCT 2007]
Answer:
A convex mirror is used in vehicles
because it gives the driver a large jeld of
view.
Question 2.
Why is it important to take care of our
eyes ? Mention any two activities that
may cause damage to our eyes. [KVS
2005]
Answer:
Eyes are the most wonderful gift of
nature to us and they must serve us for
whole life. Our eyes can be damaged by
playing carelessly or by hurting them
with sharp projections
Question 3.
Suppose you are in a dark room. Can you
see object in the room ? Can you see
objects outside the room ? Explain.
[NCERT]
Answer:
The objects cannot be seen inside the
room because there is no light. The
objects outside the room can only be
seen if there is light outide.
Question 4.
State the laws of reJection. [NCT 2011,
NCERT]
Answer:
Laws of reJection:
The incident ray, the reJected ray

and the normal at the point of
incidence lie in the same plane.
The angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reJection
Question 5.
Distinguish between real and virtual
image.
Answer:
Differences:
Real image Virtual image
(a) The rays

(a) The rays
donot meet at a
actually meet at a
point.
point.
(b) The image
(b) The image
cannot bje
can be obtained
obtained on a
on a screen.
screen.
Question 6.
What is the function of the eyelids ?
Answer:
Eyelids prevents the objects from

entering the eye.
They also shut out light when not
required.
Question 7.
Give some uses of plane mirror.
Answer:
Plane mirrors are used for dressing up,
shaving beards, in scientijc metres and
for designing periscope.
Question 8.
How many plane mirror strips do we use
in a kaleidoscope. At what angle are they
inclined with respect to each other ?
Answer:
The kaleidoscope uses a set of three
equal size plane mirror strips. The three
strips are inclined to each other at angles
of 60° each.
Question 9.
Why do we say that the image formed in
a plane mirror is “virtual” ?
Answer:
The image formed in a plane mirror
cannot be obtained on a screen. So we,
say it is a ‘virtual’ image.
Question 10.
What would you do to see if the barber
has cut your hair properly at the back ?
Answer:
I would keep another mirror parallel to
the main mirror in a vertical position.
Question 11.
How many images are formed when two
mirrors are placed edge to edge
1. at right angles of each other.

2. at an angle of 60° to each other ?
Answer:
1. Three images will be formed.

2. Five images will be formed.
Question 12.
1. How are multiple iiriages formed ?

2. Name a device based on this
principle ?
Answer:
1. When three rectangular strips of

plane mirror are kept edge to edge
at an angle of 60° to each other,
multiple images are formed.
2. Kaleidoscope is based on this
principle.
Question 13.
What is colour blindness ? Give reason
for this defect ?
Answer:
Some people cannot distinguish between
the different colours. This is known as
colour blindness. Colour blindness is due
to the absence of cones on the nerve
endings on the retina.
Question 14.
What is a nictating membrane ? In which
animal is it found ?
Answer:
Nictating membrane is a transparent
membrane over the eye to protect the
eye from water. Fish and frogs have a
nictating membrane.
Question 15.
What kind of eyes do the insects have ?
Answer:
Eye in insects is a compound eye with
hundreds of small units, each with a lens
of its own. The image seen by a insect is
a blured picture.
Question 16.
Why should children take milk and eat
carrots ?
Answer:
Milk, carrots and yellow fruits are rich in
vitamin A, which is very essential for the
eyes to maintain good vision.
Question 17.
How is night blindness caused ?
Answer:
Night blindness is caused by the
dejciency of vitamin A and damage to
the retina and the rods.
Question 18.
Distinguish between luminous and non-
luminous bodies.
Answer:
Please refer to important points and
dejnitions 21 and 22.
Question 19.
Is the moon a luminous body ? How are
we able to see the moon ?
Answer:
The moon is non-luminous. We are able
to see the moon because it reJects the
sunlight falling on it.
NCERT Solutions for

and Answers
Question 1.
Two mirrors meet at right angles. A ray
of light is incident on one at an angle of
30° as shown in the jgure. Draw the
reJected ray from the second mirror.
[NCERT]
Answer:
Question 2.
What are cones and rods ? What are their
functions ?
Answer:
Cones are the nerve endings which are
sensitive to colour light. They help us to
distinguish between colours.
Rods are the nerve endings which are
sensitive to bright light.
Question 3.
1. In a periscope two mirrors are

arranged parallel to each other but
they do not form multiple images.
Why ?
2. What is the use of periscope ?
Answer:
1. In a periscope two mirrors are

placed parallel and facing each
other but are in an inclined position
at an angle of 45°. So they do not
form multiple images.
2. Uses of periscope
in submarines to view the
happening on the surface of
water.
to view objects behind the
wall.
Question 4.
Draw a diagram to show dispersion of
light.
Answer:
Question 5.
1. What is spectrum ?
2. What is the meaning of VIBGYOR ?
Answer:
1. Spectrum is the band of seven

colours obtained on the screen
when white light splits on passing
through a prism.
2. VIBGYOR represents the seven
colours of the spectrum, i.e. violet,
indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange
and red.
Question 6.
How is a rainbow formed ?
Answer:
The water droplets suspended in the air
after the rain act as prisms. When the
sun is towards the horizon the inclined
rays pass through the water drops to
disperse into the seven colours of the
specturm.
Question 7.
Why does white light disperse when it
passes through a glass prism ?
Answer:
White light is a combination of seven
colours of light. The speed of each
colour is different. So, while passing
through the glass prism each colour
deviates by different amounts. Therefore,
despersion of light into a spectrum takes
place.
Question 8.
1. Which part of the human eye

makes a person ‘blue eyed’ ?
2. What role is played by ciliary
muscles ?
3. What is the importance of retina in
the eye ?
Answer:
1. Iris is responsible for making the

person blue eyed.
2. Ciliary muslces help to adjust the
focal length of the lens to view all
objects clearly.
3. The image of the object is formed
on the retina of the eye.
Question 9.
What is the difference between the eyes
of the night birds and day birds ?
Answer:
The day birds can see clearly during the
day but not at night. The day birds have
more cones and less rods. The cones are
sensitive to bright light and can sense
colours. Night birds can see clearly at
night but not cjuring the day. Their eyes
have a large cornea and pupil to allow
more lighted pass. Also their retina has
mostly rods and few cones. Rods are
more sensitive to dim light. –
Question 10.
What is cataract of the eye ?
Answer:
Cataract is a condition in which the lens
becomes milky. Light does not pass
through such a lens to reach the retina. It
can be corrected by replacing the lens
with a synthetic lens.
Question 11.
What are the causes of blindness ?
Answer:
Blindness may be caused due to damage
to :
the lens
the cornea
the complete eye
Question 12.
How do visually impaired people
communicate ?
Answer:
Visually impaired people can
communicate by following methods :
By using the Braille system which

employs groups of dots to
represent printed letters and
numbers.
in 1980, Braille computer software
was developed. It can input, output
and translate documents to and
from Braille.
by speech technology that can
convert ordinary text into speech.
Question 13.
How is Braille system used ?
Answer:
Every character in the Braille code is
based on the arrangement of one to six
raised dots. Each dot has a numbered
position in the Braille cell. These
characters make up the letters of the
alphabet, punctuation marks, numbers
and everything else that can be printed
does not have a separate alphabet of
capital letters as there is in a print.
Question 14.
Explain how a screen reader can help
visually impaired people ?
Answer:
A screen reader is a software
programme that provides access to
computer software applications and the
internet by using a speech synthesizer to
read the information on the monitor
loudly.
Question 15.
1. For how long does the image

remain on the retina ?
2. How are we able to see a moving
picture ?
Answer:
1. The imperssion of an image is

retained on the retina for about
l/16th of a second.
2. If still images are projected on the
retina at the rate more than 16
pictures per second, – then the eye
will see the pictures moving.
Question 16.
Draw a ray diagram to show incident ray,
reJected ray, normal, angle of incidence,,
angle of reJection; if the angle of
incidence is 45°
Answer:
NCERT Solutions for

and Answers
Question 1.
How can you compare human eye with a
photographic camera ? [MSE
(Chandigarh) 2008]
Answer:
Photographic
Human Eye
Camera
(a) Real, inverted (a) Real, inverted

image is formed image is formed
on retina. on a jlm.
(b) The image (b) The image can
cannot be stored be stored as a
as a photograph. photograph.
(c) The focal (c) The focal
length of convex length of the lens
lens can be cannot be
adjusted by adjusted.
ciliary muscles. (d) Camera uses
(d) Eyes uses line diaphragm to
cell to detect detect light and
light. capture image.
Question 2.
Draw a labelled sketch of human eye.
[NCT2011]
Answer:
Question 3.
Differentiate between regular and
diffused reJection. Does diffused
reJection mean the failure of the laws of
reJection ? [NCERT]
Answer:
When the reJected rays are parallel to
each other, it is known as regular
reJection. When the reJected rays are
not parallel, the reJection is known as
diffused or irregular reJection. Diffused
reJection is not due to the failure of the
laws of reJection. It is caused by
irregularities in the reJecting surface.
Question 4.
Mention against each of the following
whether regular or diffused reJection will
take place when a beam of light strikes.
Justify your answer in each case.
[NCERT]
1. Polished wooden table

2. Chalk powder
3. Cardboard surface
4. Marble Joor with water spread over
it
5. Mirror
`. Piece of paper
Answer:
1. polished wooden table

2. chalk powder
3. cardboard surface and
4. marble Joor with water spread over
it and
5. mirror will show regular reJection.
This happens because the surface
is plane without any defects.
`. piece of paper show irregular
reJection because the reJecting
surface is not smooth. There are
irregularities in the reJecting
surface.
Question 5.
Fill in the blanks in the following :
[NCERT]
1. A person 1 m inffont of a plane

mirror seems to be ………… m away
from his image.
2. If you touch your …………. ear with
right hand in front of a plane mirror
it will be seen in the mirror that
your right ear is touched with .
3. The size of the pupil becomes
………….. when you see in dim light.
4. Night birds have ………….. cones than
rods in their eyes.
Answer:
1. 2 m
2. left, left hand
3. bigger
4. few
Question 6.
Describe the construction of a
kaleidoscope. [NCERT]
Answer:
To make a kaleidoscope, get three
rectangular strips of glass 15 cm long
and 4 cm wide each. Join them together
to form a prism. Fix them with a few
thick chart papers in a slightly long
circular tube. Close one end of the tube
by a cardboard disc having a hole in
centre. At the other end touching the
mirrors jx a circular plane glass sheet.
Invert the tube and place some broken
small pieces of coloured bangles on the
glass plate. Close this end of the tube by
a ground glass plate.
Question 7.
Explain how you can take care of your
eyes. [NCERT]
Answer:
We can take care of our eyes in the
following ways-
have a regular check up.

if advised, use suitable spectacles.
avoid too much or too little light,
wash your eyes frequently with
clean water.
always read at the normal distance
for vision.
Question 8.
Give four properties of the image of an
object formed by a plane mirror.
Answer:
The properties of the image formed by a
plane mirror
The image is formed as far behind

the mirror as the object is in front
of it.
The image formed is a virtual
image.
The image formed is an erect
image and of same size of the
object.
The image formed is laterally
inverted with respect to the object.
Question 9.
Boojho stands at A just on the side of a
plane mirror as shown in jgure. Can he
see himself in the mirror ? Also can he
see the image of objects situated at P, Q
and R ? [NCERT]
Answer:
Yes, Boojho can see his image. Yes, he
can see the objects situated at P, Q and
R.
Question 10.
1. Find out the position of the image

of an object situated at A in the
plane mirror (jgure). [NCERT]
2. Can Paheli at B see this image ?
3. Can Boojho at C see this image ?
4. When Paheli moves from B to C,
where does the image of A move ?
Answer:
1.
2. Yes Paheli can see the image of A.
3. Yes, Boojho can see this image.
4. When Paheli moves from B to C,
the image of A will move from B to
C.
Question 11.
1. What is myopia ?
2. How is it caused ?
3. How can it be corrected ?
4. Draw diagrams to show myopic
eye and its correction.
Answer:
1. When a person can see

nearby object clearly, but not
far away objects, he is
suffering from myopia.
2. It is caused by the Jattening
of the eyeball and the lens
becomes thick and rigid.
3. It can be corrected by using
spectacles with concave
lenses.
1.
Question 12.
1. What is hypermetropia ?
2. How is it caused ?
3. How can it be corrected ?
4. Draw diagram to show defective
eye and its correction.
Answer:
1. A person suffering from

hypermetropia can clearly see
distant objects but jnds diyculty in
reading, writing and viewing
different objects.
2. It is caused by the elongation of the
eyeball and the lens becomes Jat.
3. It can be corrected by using a
convex lens.
4.
NCERT Solutions for

16 MCQs
Question 1.
Which of the following material cannot
be used to make a lens ? [NCERT]
(a) Plastics
(b) Water
(c) Clay
(d) Glass
Answer:
(c)
Question 2.
Which of the following would you prefer,
to read very small letters printed on the
pages of a dictionary ? [NCERT]
(a) A convex lens of focal length 100 cm
(b) A concave lens of focal length 10 cm
(c) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm
(d) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm
Answer:
(d)
Question 3.
A pond of water appears shallow
because of
(a) reJection
(b) refraction
(c) dispersion
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b)
Question 4.
The phenomenon of the splitting of white
light into seven colours is called as
(a) dispersion
(b) refraction
(c) reJection
(d) deviation
Answer:
(a)
Question 5.
In air all colours propagate
(a) with different speed
(b) nearly same speed
(c) with minimum speed of red colour
(d) with maximum speed of violet colour
Answer:
(b)
Question 6.
The phenomenon of dispersion is not
visible in a
(a) prism
(b) glass slab
(c) mirror
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b)
Question 7.
If the refractive index is more then optical
density is
(a) more
(b) less
(c) equal
(d) independent of refractive index
Answer:
(a)
Question 8.
On refraction through a parallel faced
glass slab the emergent ray is
(a) parallel to incident ray
(b) displaced w.r.t. incident ray
(c) is not displaced w.r.t. incident ray
(d) both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d)
Question 9.
When a ray of light propagating (in a
straight line) in one transparent medium
to enter another transparent medium
(a) it gains speed
(b) it losses speed
(c) it neither gains nor losses speed
(d) its speed in second medium depends
upon relative refractive index for a given
pair
Answer:
(d)
Question 10.
If lower half of a convex lens is painted
black then
(a) no image is formed
(b) only erect image is formed
(c) only diminished image is formed
(d) image is formed but is of reduced
intensity.
Answer:
(d)
Question 11.
The change in focal length of an eye lens,
to focus the image of objects at varying
distances, is done by the action of
(a) pupil
(b) iris
(c) retina
(d) ciliary muscles
Answer:
(d)
Question 12.
The human eye can focus objects at
different distances by adjusting the focal
length of the eye lens. This ability of the
eye is known as
(a) persistence of vision
(b) far-sightedness
(c) near-sightedness
(d) power of accomodation
Answer:
(d)
Question 13.
The least distance of distinct vision ‘for a
young adult with normal vision is (nearly)
(a) 25 m
(b) 25 cm
(c) 2.5 cm
(d) 2.5 m
Answer:
(b)
Question 14.
The Braille system, for visually
challenged persons,, is a
(a) visual aid
(b) auditory aid
(c) tactual aid The eye lens is
(d) electronic aid
Answer:
(c)
Question 15.
The eye lens is
(a) concave
(b) convex
(c) planoconcave
(d) planoconvex
Answer:
(b)
Question 16.
Eye problems happen due to lack of
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin B complex
Answer:
(c)
Question 17.
The blind spot of the eye is
(a) at the junction of optic nerve and
retina
(b) on one side of optic nerve
(c) on one side of retina
(d) in the centre of retina
Answer:
(a)
Question 18.
The light sensitive cells having shape of
cones
(a) respond mainly to colours of incident
light
(b) respond mainly to amount of incident
light
(c) respond to both colour and amount of
light
(d) enables us to see in dark
Answer:
(a)
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NCERT Solutions for

16.1 What makes Things Visible

16.2 Laws of ReJection

Regular and Diffused

ReJected Light Can be

16.5 Multiple Images

16.7 What is inside Our Eyes?

16.8 Care of the Eyes

Visually Impaired Persons

16.10 What is the Braille System?

Light Class 8 Science

(i) The reJected

(ii) It occurs on a (ii) It occurs on

smooth and the rough

polished surface. surface.

(iii) ReJected rays rays are

are in one scattered in

No, diffuse reJection doesn’t mean the

1. Polished wooden table

1. Regular reJection will take place

The incident ray, the normal and

Incident ray, reJected ray and normal at

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Choose the correct option in Questions

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always sit straight while reading or

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(b) Yes, Paheli can see the image of A.

Light Class 8 Science

Activity 2 (NCERT Textbook, Page 200)

Incident ray, reJected ray and the normal

Activity 3 (NCERT Textbook, Page201)

Activity 4 (NCERT Textbook, Page202)

Activity 5 (NCERT Textbook, Page204)

Now hinge the mirrors using the

Activity 6 (NCERT Textbook, Page 206)

Activity 7 (NCERT Textbook, Page 205)

Activity 8 (NCERT Textbook, page 206)

Activity 9 (NCERT Textbook, Page206)

Activity 10 (NCERT Textbook, Page 207)

NCERT Solutions for

virtual, behind the mirror and

1. The angle of reJection is ………… to

1. The ray of light that bounces back

NCERT Solutions for

The incident ray, the reJected ray

Real image Virtual image

(a) The rays

Eyelids prevents the objects from

1. at right angles of each other.

1. Three images will be formed.

1. How are multiple iiriages formed ?

1. When three rectangular strips of